#respiratory_patho

Summary about pathology leacture

Bronchiectasis:abnormal..permanent..dilation of bronchi

😃asossciated with🦠suppurative inflammation+☢necrotic change


😁Causes:bronchial obstruction-acute infection-cystic fibrosis

📛affect lower lobes of lung (bilateral).
#باثو

#respiratory

♦️Pulmonary edema:
accumulation of fluid in alveolar space


♦️Cause by 3 maim mechanism:
1-increase hydrostatic p due to LHF
2- decrease the osmotic p due to liver cirrhosis
3-increase alveolar capillary permeability

♦️pathological features :
Cross..heavy ..bullky ..wet
Histologically ..dilated alveoli filled with fluid...congested alveolar capillary...Heart failure cells
#باثو

#Endocrine

💊Octerotide:somatostain derivetive
*Uses for
1-carcinode tumor 🦠
2-gaintism
3-acromegaly
4-esophageal bleeding
5-glucagonoma & VIPoma
#فارما

#Endocrine
#pituitary

💊ADH: Vasopressin
1-Desmopressin: act in V2 R
*uses:
1- primary D inspidues
2- hemophilia A
3-von Willebrand disease

S.E:hypontremia+water toxicity

2-Terlypressin:
Act in V1 R

*uses:
1-esophegeal bleeding
2- management of low blood pressure when norepinephrine does not help

S.E:hypertension

#فارما

#Endocrine
#calcium_effecting_hormones

♦️clinical features of hypercalcemia:
Bones,stones ..abdominal groans ,moans
.
Treatment:
💊N . S
💊bisphonate as pamidronate
💊calcitonine
💊furosemide

#فارما

#Endocrine
#calcium_effecting_hormones

♦️Clinical uses of calcitonine:
1-Hypercalceuria
2-osteoprosis
3-pagets disease
#فارما

#Endocrine

💊Bromocriptin :

Is dopamine agonist

Uses: acromegaly
Stoping the Lactation 👼

S.E: nausea🤢
Vomiting🤮

#فارما

#Endocrine
#calcium_effecting_hormones

💊Sn...(strotium ranolat)
Uses in osteoprosis

S.E:bone pain
#فارما

#Endocrine

♦️GH:

Has short time side effect is D.M

Long time side effect is acromegaly

#فارما

#Endocrine
#calcium_effecting_hormones

♦️idiopathic hypercalciuria..hypocalcemia is treatment by Thiazide diuretics

♦️familial hyperclacemia hpocalciuria (FHH)
No has treatment

#فارما

🦠Important Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection:
يمكن جمعها بكلمه BE PSEUDO
1-Burns
2- Endocarditis
3-Pneumonia
4-Sepsis
5-External malignant otitis media
6-UTI
7-Diabetic Osteomyelitis

#بكتيريا
#مايكرو

#GIT
#oral_cavity

📛 Leukoplakia:whitish-thicking-mucosal patches ,caused by hperkeratosis & parakeratosis ,and can,t be scarped off.

📛 Association with chronic irritation .
📛 Asually represented:
1-displasia
2-carcinoma in situ

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#GIT
#oral_cavity

📝The different between parakeratosis &hyperkeratosis:

🔖 Parakeratosis is increase keratin with nucleus of cells

🔖Hyperkeratosis is increase keratin (hyperkeratin)without nucleus of cells.

🔖Acanthosis is diffuse epidermal hyperplasia (thickening of the skin). It implies increased thickness of the Malpighian layer (stratum basale and stratum spinosum)

#باثو