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๐Ÿ’ข #ู…ู‡ู…_ุฌุฏุง

๐Ÿ‘‰The most dangerous complication for methimazole is agranolocytosis, despite it an infrequent but potentially fatal.
ูƒู…ุง ูƒุฑุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุนุฏู†ุงู†: ู‡ูŠ ุตุญ ู†ุงุฏุฑุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุงู† ูˆุฌุฏุช ูู‡ูŠ ุฎุทูŠุฑุฉ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ุงุชู„ุฉ.

#ูุงุฑู…ุง
Forwarded from ุงู„ุจุงุซูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠ (ุนุจุฏุงู„ุญูƒูŠู… ู…ู‡ูŠูˆุจ)
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๐Ÿ”…Type_I_Hypersensitivity_-_IgE_Mediated

(ู„ู„ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ุงุถุบุท๐Ÿ”บ)

๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ‘‰ T.me/patho9600
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Forwarded from ุงู„ุจุงุซูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠ (ุนุจุฏุงู„ุญูƒูŠู… ู…ู‡ูŠูˆุจ)
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๐Ÿ”…Type_II_Hypersensitivity_-_Cytotoxic_Type_ 2
#ุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุจ_ุงู„ุทุจูŠ_ู…ู…ูƒู„ุฉ_ุงู„ุทุจ

(ุงุถุบุท ู„ู„ุชูุงุตูŠู„๐Ÿ”บ)
๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ‘‰ T.me/patho9600
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๐Ÿ”… Type_III_Hypersensitivity_-_Immune_Complex_Type 3
#ุงู„ูƒูˆูƒุจ_ุงู„ุทุจูŠ

๐Ÿ”…๐Ÿ‘‰ t.me/patho9600
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๐Ÿ‘†๐Ÿ‘†ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุดุฑุญ ุจุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุฑุณู†ุงู‡ู… ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุตุงู„ุญ ุจุงุญุงุฌ
#ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ
#ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆ

๐Ÿ’ COPD: (4 types and hallmark)
๐Ÿ”นูŠุฌุชู…ุนูˆุง ููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑูˆู ุงู„ุฃุจุฌุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ‘ˆABCDE:
-Asthma
-Brochiectasis
-Chronic bronchitis
-Dyspnea [hallmark of group]
-Emphysema

#ุงูŠู‡ุงุจ_ุงู„ูˆุฌูŠู‡
#ุจุงุซูˆ
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โ™ฆ๏ธExplain:
Benign hypertension is associated with marked left ventricular hypertrophy but malignant hypertension is associated with mild left ventricular hypertrophy ?

Answer:
This occurs according to duration ...when the duration is short as malignant form, the change will be less and mild but in benign the opposite will occur
#ุจุงุซูˆ
ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฑุฌุน ุฑุงุฆุน ู„ู„ุจุงุซูˆ ูŠุชุถู…ู† ูƒู„ ุดุจุชุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุงุซูˆ ุจุดูƒู„ ุณุคุงู„ ูˆุฌูˆุงุจ ุฑุงุงุฆุน ๐Ÿ‘
๐Ÿ›‘๐Ÿ›‘Hypersensitivity reaction 2
Occurs when the antibody attacks the antigen presented on cell surface or the basement mambrane

But in case of an organism >> the antigen is presented on cell surface โ—๏ธโ—๏ธ
But here it is a ๐ŸŒนprotection ๐ŸŒน.. not a type of hypersensitivity reactions ...

ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ...
ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนูŠ ู„ู‡ ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุฅูŠุฌุงุจูŠุฉ ูˆู„ู‡ ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุณู„ุจูŠุฉ ..
ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฅูŠุฌุงุจูŠุฉ >> ุฏูุงุน ุนู† ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุถุฏ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ูˆุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฎ

ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู„ุจูŠุฉ >> ุงู„ู‡ุงูŠุจุฑุณู†ุณูŠุชููŠุชูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุงูุช ุฑูŠุฌูŠูƒุดู† ูˆุงู„ุงุชูˆ ุงู…ูŠูˆู† ูˆุงู„ุฎ..

ูู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ antibody ูŠุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ Antigen ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ cell surface ..
ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† self cell ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ RBCs ุจู‚ูˆู„ hypersensitivity
ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† invading organism ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุดูƒุฑุงุง ู‡ุฐุง protection ุดูŠ ุงู†ุง ุงุญุชุงุฌู‡

#ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ
#ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆ
๐ŸŒบ ู„ูˆ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฏุนุณ ู…ุณู…ุงุฑ ..
ุจูŠุนุทูˆู‡ Anti- tetanus ุŸ
ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠุด ุŸ ุนู† Antibodies ู…ู† ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุญูŠูˆุงู†ูŠ .... ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู…ุง ุชุญู‚ู†ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุฌุณู… .. ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนุงู‡ ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ูƒ foreign ู„ู„ุฌุณู… ูˆููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชุณุจุจ ููŠ Hypersensitivity reaction type 3 ..
ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูŠุทู„ุน ู„ู‡ Antibody
ุงู„ุงู† ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุฎู„ุช ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ excess ..
ูุจุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ immune complexes ูˆุชุคุฏูŠ ุงู„ู‰ ุธู‡ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุงุนุฑุงุถ ...
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎุจุฑ ุงุณู…ู‡ serum sickness

ูˆูŠุนุชุจุฑ๐ŸŒท self limited๐ŸŒท ู„ุงู†ูˆ ุจู†ุนุทูŠู‡ single dose ูˆ ุจูŠูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ุจุนุฏ ุดูˆูŠุฉ

#ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ
#ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆ
๐ŸŒทุงู„ู…ุณูƒูŠู† ุฏุนุณ ุงู„ู…ุณู…ุงุฑ .. ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ. ..
ุนุทูˆู‡ anti- tetanus

ุนูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ early serum sickness
Due to Early response
ู„ุงู†ูˆ ุงู„ Antibody ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุณุจู‚ุงู‹... ุจุณุจุจ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ memory cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุธู‡ุฑุช ู…ู† Immune reaction

ุทุจุนุง Antibody against antigen administrated with antibody of tetanus

#ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ
#ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆ
๐ŸŒทู„ูŠุด ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… serum sicknessุŸุŸ

ู„ุงู†ูˆ ุงู„ antigen ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ ุจุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุณู… .. ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ูŠุงุฎุฐ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนูŠ ูˆู‚ุชู‡ ูˆุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ Antibody ..ูู…ุง ุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ุง ุจุนุฏ ู†ู‚ุตุงู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ูˆู…ุง ูŠุญุตู„ ุชุฑุงูƒู… ู„ู„ Immune complexes ... ูู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„serum sickness

#ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ
#ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆ
ุงุฏู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุฑุฌุงุกุง ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ู„ู„ Short notes
ูˆู„ูŠุณ ู„ู„ู…ู„ุฎุตุงุช ^^
๐ŸŽChemotheraphy: Side Effects

๐ŸŽ–๏ธMINA

Myelosuppression (Bone Marrow Supression)

Increase Infection risk

Nausea

Alopecia
#ูุงุฑู…ุง
๐Ÿ€NSAIDS: Contraindication

๐Ÿ…BARSู‚ุถุจุงู†

Bleeding (Coagulopathy)

Asthma (10% of asthmatic patients are NSAID Sensitive )

Renal Diseases (Hypovolemia)

Stomach (Peptic Ulcer or Gastritis)

#ูุงุฑู…ุง
๐Ÿ’ Bronchial obstruction: consequences

(APPLE BABE๐ŸŽ๐Ÿ˜)

Atelectasis

Pleural adhesions

Pleuritis

Lipid pneumonia

Effusion->organisation->fibrosis

Bronchiectasis

Abscess

Broncho and lobar pneumonia

Emphysema

#ุจุงุซูˆ
#ู…ู‡ู…_ุฌุฏุง_ู„ู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ_ุนุฏู†ุงู†
______________
๐Ÿ’ˆAtrial fibrillation in hyperthyroidism:
๐Ÿ‘‰may lead to thrombosis

๐Ÿ”นTreated by warfarin & antiarrhythmic drugs.

๐ŸŒŸDiltiazem is the best treatment to patient with asthma and atrial fibrillation in case of hyperthiordism.

#ูุงุฑู…ุง