🥛Milk-alkali syndrome 🥛

is caused by the ingestion of large amounts of calcium and absorbable alkali, with resulting hypercalcemia. ... This syndrome was originally recognized in the 1920s during administration of the Sippy regimen, consisting of milk and bicarbonate, for treatment of peptic ulcer disease.( CaCo3)


Burnett's syndrome is far-advanced milk-alkalisyndrome and due to long-standing calcium and alkali ingestion. It is characterised by severe hypercalcaemia, irreversible renal failure, and phosphate retention. ... The patient is treated by withdrawal of excessive calcium and alkali intake.


#فارما

Typhoid fever👆🏻👆🏻

Symptoms and complications

#فارما
#بكتيريا
#infecious_disease

Bacterimic Leptospirosis
( weil's Disease )

Commonly caused by contaminated water
Associated with thrombocytopenia

Treated by
Blood transfusion, platelets transfusion ( platelet concentrate)

Deoxycyclin ( 200mg ) 1×2×7

#فارما
#بكتيريا
#infecious_disease

⚠️Cervical carcinoma can be of two types:
1- 80% of tumors in the cervix are Squamous cell carcinoma mostly in the exocervix .

2- 15% of tumors in the cervix are Adenocarcinoma mostly in the endocervix 15%.

‼️The high risk factor for both (even the Adenocarcinoma?!!) is HPV (16,18,31 &33).

❗️The CIN staging (I, II, III & carcinoma in situ) concerns Sq cell carcinoma only. The appearance of cancer takes 10-20 years, that's why the cancer appears mostly in 40-50 reproductive women..

🎦The screening of Sq cell carcinoma tumor can be done easily and with high accuracy by doing the Pap smear test, however the screening of Adenocarcinoma is kinda hard

🔆The Pap smear test is the most successful screening test developed to date.

✅It's done by scrapping the transformational zone in the cervix by a brush, then analyzing the tissue under the microscope

🔍The dysplastic changes seen are hyperchromatic nuclei and high (N/C) Ratio.

#malaria
#parasite
#باراسايت

Malaria ( Plasmodium . falciparum)
#باراسايت

🍀

🌀مضادات_حيوية
🌀معلومات_دوائية💊💉

Cephalosporins

❶st Gen (الجيل الأول)

①Cefadroxil
②Cefazolin
③Cefalexin
④Cefradine

❷nd Gen (الجيل الثاني)

①Cefaclor
②Cefotetan
③Cefuroxime
④Cefoxitin

❸rd Gen (الجيل الثالث)

①Cefixime
②Cefdinir
③Cefoperazone
④Cefotaxime
⑤Ceftazidime
⑥Ceftriaxone

❹th Gen (الجيل الرابع)

①Cefepime

❺th Gen (الجيل الخامس)

①Ceftobiprole
②Ceftaroline

#فارما

- important notes about nematoda-:
1-all nematoda show migration stage in man except
a-Enterobius vermicularis
b-Trichuris trichura

2-all intestinal nematoda are associated with eosinophilia except enterobius vermicularis

3-nematoda that cause pneumonitis or loeffler's syndrome are the migrating larvae of
a-Ascaris lumbricoides
b-Anchylostoma duodenale
c-Necator americanus
d-Strongyloides stercoralis

4-largest human pathogenic nematoda is Ascaris lumbricoides while the smallest is strongyloides stercoralis

5-infectious nematodae which may be present in the stool:
a-Enterobius vermicularis
b-strongyloides stercoralis

# parasitology

Mnemonics

1. Which generation؟

🍊• All drugs having ‘a’ after cef are 1st generation except cefactor [e.g. cefazolin,cefadroxil]
🍊Ceftaroline and ceftobiprole are
fifth generation cephalosporins
approved for treatment of com-
munity acquired pneumonia and
MRSA infections. Ceftobiprole is
also effective against MRSA and
pseudomonas.
⚡Ceftriaxone and cefoperazone
are secreted in the bile.
☄Cefazolin is the drug of choice for surgical prophylaxis.
💥Cefotetan, cefmetazole and
cefoxitin are active against
anaerobes like Bacteroides
fragilis.

#Pharma#