te obstruction of artery
Thrombosis >embolism formation > infraction
يمكن يحصل aneurysm > rupture < internal bleeding

وبعدين عرض الدكتور الشرائح
مها الحيدري

فيديو شرح ال Virus introduction

للمبدع د/ إبراهيم سعيد .

الشرح جميل جدااا وتسلسل للمعلومات رائع ..
شوفوه بيفيدكم كثير ^^

#فيروسات

احد مواضيع بحث الفيروسات
Sindbis viruse

الكتاب الذي بتشرح منه دكتورة منية 👆🏻

#باثو
#Ovarian_tumors

#الدكتورة_منية

#باثو
#Ovarian_tumors
#الدكتورة_منية

🥀Germ cell ovarian Tumor :

🍂Teratoma :- ( Monster Tumor )
You can find all different type of tissue : hair ,bone, teath ..from all germinal layers ( Dermoid Cyst)

👀 Mature Teratoma:

E.x : Struma Ovarri :
It is defined by the presence of thyroid tissue >> Hyperthyroidism


🍂 Yolk sac Tumor : ( Most common in children) agressive

Germ cell >> Differentiate into Yolk sac tissue
Presence of ring of cells aroung central Blood vessels > called schiller - duval bodies .
Alpha feto protein ^^ high ( increased)

🍂 Choriocarcioma :
Germ cell >>syncytiotrophoblast cells which forms Placenta
Secrete( B-HCG ) which helps ovarian cysts to be formed

🍂 Dysgerminoma:
Germ cell >> Oocyte which is the normal but it turns to grow Uncontrollably
( 😳Most common malignant type of Ovarian Tumors )

🍂 Embryonal carcinoma :-  characterized by primitive epithelial cells with marked pleomorphism and various histologic patterns. It may present in pure form but often is part of a mixed germ cell tumor.


#باثو
#Ovarian_tumors
#الدكتورة_منية

🥀 Sex Cord - stromal ovarian cancer :

🔥It is the tumor that develops from ovarian follicular cells ( sex cord ) or Connective tissue cells ( stromal )

🔥Each ovary contains multiple of follicles ?
💥Follicles is Oocyte surrounded by two types of cells?
1- granulosa cells
2- Thica cells
Which both support follicular development !

🔥 LH stimulates (Granulosa cell ) to secrete ( Androgens )

🔥 FSH stimulates ( Thica cells) to convert Androgens to ( Estradiol) by the enzyme Aromatase

نرجع الان ايش ال Types :

🍂 1- Granulosa thica cell tumor :
( malignant- middle aged women )

>> Estradiol ( estrogen) overproduction :
a) Uterine Bleeding
b) Breast tenderness
c) early puberty in Young

🍂 Fibroma / Thecoma :

😌Fibroma:- benign , asymptomatic

Grossly , ovary fibromas are firm and white or tan. Variants with edema are especially likely to be associated with Meigs' syndrome. Microscopically , there are intersecting bundles of spindle cells producing collagen.


😌Thecoma : benign, estrogen production , in older age women.

Grossly, the tumour is solid and yellow.
Microscopically, the tumour cells have abundant lipid-filled cytoplasm.



🍂 Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors :

Production of Androgens ( male hormones) >> developing male physical characters ( hirsutism , deep voice )

#باثو
#Ovarian_tumors
#الدكتورة_منية

🥀 Surface Epithelial tumors of Ovary :-

🔥The surface of the ovaries is covered with membrane consisting of a lining of simple cuboidal-to-columnar shaped mesothelium. The outermost layer is called the germinal epithelium.

💥It's either benign/ malignant/ borderline

( see the pictures 👇🏻)

NOTE: malignant Tumors characterized by esionphilia
بتلاقوا الشريحة حمراء

#باثو
#Ovarian_tumors
#الدكتورة_منية

🔥Subdivision of Epithelial ovarian cancer :

☄ Serrous:
Arises of Epithelial cells :
Single ( fluid-filled cyst)
Either :

✨ benign : Serrous Cystadenoma ( most common - effects premanpusal- 🥂bilateral)

✨Malignant: serrous Cystadenocarcinoma ( inflamed and swallowen lining + postmenopausal women )
❗️Psammoma bodies ( plaques with calcium and cellular debris)

Or Borderline

☄ musinous :
Arises from epithelial cells
( mucus filled cyst) >> large - multioculated

✨ benign: musinous Cystadenoma (🍸unilterall )

✨Malignant: musinous Cystadenocarcinoma ( Like serrous ) = ^
❗️Pseudomyxoma peritioni ( musinous material to the pertonial cavity )

Or Borderline

☄ Endometriod :
Ectopic endometrium-like cells

✨Benign : cyst filled with dark blood
( Chocolate Cyst 🍫)

✨ Malignant: spread to fallopian tube and pertonial cavity


☄ Brenner ( transitional tumor ):-
Transitional epithelial in the surface like those of bladder


☄ Clear-cell ovarian carcinoma :-

rarely appears bilaterally. The cells usually contain glycogen with large clear cytoplasm. It is also associated with endometriosis.

#باثو
#Ovarian_tumors
#الدكتورة_منية

🌕Symptoms of ovarian cancer:

- Abdominal Distention
- Bloating
- Abdominal and pelvic pain [ ovarian torsion]
- Acitis
- Abdominal masses
- bowel habits disturbance
- Hormonal Imbalance
#باثو
#Ovarian_tumors
#الدكتورة_منية

🌚Ovarian cysts 🌚

🌑Def: It is a fluid-filled sacs on or in the ovaries

🌑Can effect females of any ages commonly in reproductive age

🌑 Functional Cysts ?
Occurs when normal cycle development is distributed

🌜1- Follicular cyst:
Follicles fail to repture and Keep Growing ( LH surge dose not happen )

🌜3- corpus luteum cyst :
Follicles rapture > but close again and continue to grow
If related blood Vessels rapture
🌛4- Heamorrhagic Cyst ( Chocolate Cyst 🍫)

🌜5- simple cyst :- Small with clear serrous liquid with smooth lining >> Asymptomatic >> only found in some cases of Hysterectomy

🌜6- Polycystic ovarian syndrome :
( failure of Hypothamic - pituitary- Ovarian axid )
Chronic Anovulation ( no ovulation)
a) Amenorrhea
b) Absent menstruation
c) Androgen production

🌛7- theca- lutein Cyst:
rare , by increased human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) serum levels. It occurs during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle or during early pregnancy.

Or
🌑 Neoplastic Cysts as been described ( Above )

#باثو
#Ovarian_tumors
#الدكتورة_منية

🌑 Complications of Ovarian cysts:

⚡️1- Cyst can be Heamorrhagic
⚡️2- Cyst may repture to the pertonial cavity
⚡️3- Ovarian Torsion:
when an ovary twists around the suspensory ligaments. This twisting can cut off blood flow to the ovary and fallopian tube . Ovarian torsion can cause severe pain and other symptoms because the ovary is not receiving enough blood

#باثو
#Ovarian_tumors
#باثو