Causes of metabolic acidosis with high anionic gap

Cautions when u give Na bicarbonate in ER :-

1- patient shouldn't be hypertensive
2- patient shouldn't be anuric
3- chest should be clear
د طارق، قسم النفرو

Also don't give lasix in obstuctinve uropathy

طيب البروتوكول المتبع في قسم النيفرو العلاج الhyperkalemia
1 -ca gluconate 10 ml 10%in 10 minutes
يحمي القلب من
تأثير البوتاسيوم لمدة نصف ساعة إلى ساعة وليس كعلاج
2- 10 units insulin in 2-3 ampoules 40% dextrose
Then 200 ml dextrose 5%
3-combivent nebulizer
اذا الk اكبر من 6.5 لازم hemodialysis

،💧Fluid Balance within GIT

Classification of glucocorticoids

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Corticosteriod Dose Equivalents
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Diuretics , its uses & side effects.

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🛑 Causes of one sidded plueral effusion ?

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ADA :- Adenosine deaminase

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When to insert tube in parapneumonic effusion ?

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موضوع ال I.V fluid management
موضوع يهم الطبيب في حياته اليومية
شوفوه هنا :-

https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLY_4nIzar68hhiE1S-Q56IQtKEMQMtAvg&si=6miK2AZ8dFsJdSNV

اعملوا اشتراك وفعلوا الجرس عشان يوصلكم كل جديد

Light's criteria to differentiate between transudative vs exudative plueral effusion .

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By X-Ray ...
It is not seen unless ,
the fluid is than 200 ml

So it's best seen By Ultrasound or Lateral decubitus X-ray.

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🛑Dd of white plueral effusion ?
- emphyema
- cylothorax
-psuedochylothorax

🤍Chylothorax is caused by disruption of the thoracic duct and distributor resulting in chyli (lymphatics fluid of interstitial region) into pleural space. This can be seen in many conditions, and trauma and malignancy are the leading causes

🤍The most common etiologies of psuedocylothorax are tuberculosis and rheumatoid arthritis

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