Surgical notes
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Salbutamol, also known as albuterol and sold under the brand name Ventolin among others, is a medication that opens up the medium and large airways in the lungs. It is a short-acting β₂ adrenergic receptor agonist that causes relaxation of airway smooth muscle
VENTOLIN HFA is a prescription inhaled medicine used to treat or prevent bronchospasm in people aged 4 years and older with reversible obstructive airway disease.
VENTOLIN HFA is a prescription inhaled medicine used to treat or prevent bronchospasm in people aged 4 years and older with reversible obstructive airway disease.
Linezolid can be considered as the first member of the class of oxazolidinone antibiotics.
Linezolid is an antibiotic used for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics.
Linezolid is an antibiotic used for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics.
The most common organisms cultured in COPD from both sputum and bronchoscopic samples are consistently :-
● Haemophilus influenza,
● Streptococcus pneumonia,
● Moraxella catarrhalis
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● Haemophilus influenza,
● Streptococcus pneumonia,
● Moraxella catarrhalis
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Through traditional sputum cultures, the most common bacteria detected in patients with stable bronchiectasis are P. aeruginosa and H. influenzae.
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Pseudomonas infection can be treated with a combination of an antipseudomonal beta-lactam (eg, penicillin or cephalosporin) and an aminoglycoside.
Carbapenems (eg, imipenem, meropenem) with antipseudomonal quinolones may be used in conjunction with an aminoglycoside.
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Carbapenems (eg, imipenem, meropenem) with antipseudomonal quinolones may be used in conjunction with an aminoglycoside.
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🛑First-line beta-lactam agents for P. aeruginosa coverage include :-
● beta-lactam/beta-lactamase-inhibitor combinations (BL/BLI) (piperacillin-tazobactam and ticarcillin-clavulanate)
and cephalosporins with antipseudomonal activity (ceftazidime, cefepime, and cefoperazone). Cefepime is the most commonly used beta-lactam antibiotic for P. aeruginosa
● Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin) remain currently the only oral treatment options for quinolone-sensitive P. aeruginosa. However, ciprofloxacin is superior to levofloxacin.
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● beta-lactam/beta-lactamase-inhibitor combinations (BL/BLI) (piperacillin-tazobactam and ticarcillin-clavulanate)
and cephalosporins with antipseudomonal activity (ceftazidime, cefepime, and cefoperazone). Cefepime is the most commonly used beta-lactam antibiotic for P. aeruginosa
● Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin) remain currently the only oral treatment options for quinolone-sensitive P. aeruginosa. However, ciprofloxacin is superior to levofloxacin.
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Pseudomembranous colitis occurs when certain bacteria, usually C. difficile
Clostridium difficile is the most common nosocomial pathogen of the gastrointestinal tract. Disease is usually a consequence of antibiotic therapy.
All antibiotics, except parenteral aminoglycosides, sulfonamides and vancomycin, can induce pseudomembranous colitis. The worst offenders are clindamycin, ampicillin, amoxicillin and the cephalosporins.
Oral metronidazole 250 to 500 mg four times a day is the recommended first-line therapy; vancomycin (125 mg four times a day) should be reserved for patients who cannot tolerate metronidazole, who do not respond to this drug, or who should not take it for various reasons (i.e., pregnancy).
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Clostridium difficile is the most common nosocomial pathogen of the gastrointestinal tract. Disease is usually a consequence of antibiotic therapy.
All antibiotics, except parenteral aminoglycosides, sulfonamides and vancomycin, can induce pseudomembranous colitis. The worst offenders are clindamycin, ampicillin, amoxicillin and the cephalosporins.
Oral metronidazole 250 to 500 mg four times a day is the recommended first-line therapy; vancomycin (125 mg four times a day) should be reserved for patients who cannot tolerate metronidazole, who do not respond to this drug, or who should not take it for various reasons (i.e., pregnancy).
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ECG findings for PE ..
1.Sinus Tachycardia
2.Right Bundle Branch Block complete or partial
3.McGinns White Sign S1Q3T3 depressed S wave in lead 1, depressed Q wave in lead 3 and inverted T wave in lead 3.
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1.Sinus Tachycardia
2.Right Bundle Branch Block complete or partial
3.McGinns White Sign S1Q3T3 depressed S wave in lead 1, depressed Q wave in lead 3 and inverted T wave in lead 3.
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