الدكتور عصام الشماحي
المراحل حق Diabetic retinopathy
1..pre proliferation
2..sever pre proliferation
قانون لاعبين كرة القدم
٤ microorganisms in 4 Quadrants
٢ venous changes in 2 Quadrants
١ one ARMA in one Quadrant

3..very sever pre proliferation
2 of risk factors
*High risk factors criteria
هنا لازم الدكتور يتدخل حالا
1/4 neovascularization in the disk
1/3 alswher
1/2 vitreous hemorrhage

4..proliferation

5...complication

N.B >>outer retinal barrier >>between pericytes each and each others (Tight junction)
Inner retinal barrier between pericyte and blood vessels
#عيون

The most common malignant tumor of the eye lid
Is Basal cell carcinoma

The most common cause of chronic
lacrimal canaliculitis is Actinomyces
Israelii

#عيون

Most common cause of Carotid cavernous fistula is Truma

Most common cause of adult unilateral or bilateral proptosis is
Thyroid orbitopathy
#عيون

In Aphakia the treatment if choice is Intraocular lense

The best investigation for optic nerve
Damage is Perimetry
#عيون

🛑Structures passing through the superior orbital fissure??!

🔺 Upper part ( إختصاراً في كلمة LFT )

1- Lacrimal nerve of Trigminal
2- Frontal nerve of Trigminal
3- Trochlear nerve ( 4) > Superior Oblique

+ Superior ophthalmic vein

🔺 Thought the Tendinious ring :- ( 3 and 6 + Nasocilliary)

1- Nasocilliary of Trigminal
2- Abdecent Nerve >> Lateral Rectus
3- Upper division of The occlumotor ( + Sympathetic fibers )
4- Lower Division of The Occlumotor ( + Parasympathetic fibers )

🔺 inferior part = Inferior ophthalmic vein

🔴 Structure passing Through the optic Canal ?

Optic nerve + Ophthalmic artery


مهم 🔴🔴 ممكن يجي سؤال ارسم
الدكتور توفيق للخطيب
#عيون

Life : Lacrimal nerve
Free : Frontal nerve
To : Trochlear nerve
See : superior branch of ocolomotor

No : Nasocillary nerve
Insult : Inferior branch of Ocolomotor
At All: Abducent nerve
#عيون

🔸 Retinal detachment >> shaffer's sign

#عيون

The copper deposition in cornea called kayser fleisher ring

The copper deposition in retina called chalcosis

The iron deposition in base of kertoconus called fleischer ring

The iron deposition at the site of filtering bleb is called ferrys line

The iron depostionat the head of ptrygium called stocker line

The iron deposition at upper two third and lower third of cornea called Hudson Stahli line

Iron deposition at retina called siderosis.

Silver deposition at cornea called argyrosis

Melanin deposition called
Kerukenberg spindle

Band shaped keratopathy due to
Calcium deposition
#عيون

In true membranous conjunctivitis ( Diphtheria ) the following must be avoided
Steroid الست
Silver nitrate فضة
Canthotomy قاسم
(لست فضة قاسم )
#عيون

Frosted glass appearance in corneal oedema

Velvety appearance in papillary trachoma

Serrated apperance in Herbert's rosette of trachoma

Cobble stone appearance in spring Chattar
#عيون

فروقات مهمة
1. Lacrimation is watery eye due to increase the secretory part of lacrimal
System

But Epiphora is due to obstruction in the drainage part of lacrimal system

2. Proptosis is passive forward protrusion of eye ball

But exophthlamous is active forward proteusion of the eye ball

3_ trachomatous pannus is vasculization with diffuse cell infiltration

But Herberts rosette is vascularization with local cell infilteration

#عيون

Types of trachomatous pannus

1 Tenius( thin) is vascularization and infiltration is mild

2 Carnosus ( thick fleshy pannus )
Is infiltration is excessive

3_ Vasculosus is vascularization is excessive

4_ Annulosus is all around the cornea

5_ Siccus ( dry or healed pannus ,,)

#عيون

In Fungal keratitis signs more than
symptoms

But in Bacterial keratitis symptoms more than signs

Penitrating keratoplasty for deep corneal opacities but lamellar kertoplasty for superficial opacities

#عيون

Veneral conjunctivitis = sporadic gonoccocal conjunctivitis

But vernal conjunctivitis =
Spring cattarh = external allergy
#عيون

Shiemer test 1 measure the basal + reflex lacrimal tear secreation

Shiemer teat 2 measure the reflex secretion

Common site of blockage of NLD in children is at it's lower portion

Common site of blockage of NLD in adult is at sac __NLD junction

#عيون

◽️ When 'The patient sees nothing and the doctor sees nothing'

🔻You must think of " Retrobulbar optic neuritis " And look for multiple sclerosis which is the MOST common cause.

🔹Note / 25% of MS patients come with rapid painful lose of vision as only presention ❗️

#Opthalmology

🔸D.D of pupil irregularity
▪️posterior& anterior synechiae
▪️ iris atrophy
▪️injury of the iris
▪️trauma

🔶D.D of leukokoria :
▪️cataract
▪️toxocariasis
▪️retinoblastoma
▪️coats disease
▪️retinopathy of prematurity

🔶D.D of hyphema
▪️trauma
▪️metallic intra ocular foreign body
▪️Rubeosis iridis
▪️drug:Asprine

🔶D.D of hypopyon
▪️endophthalmitis
▪️chemical injuries
▪️keratitis
▪️TB

🔶D.D causes of axial proptosis
▪️Greaves disease
▪️retrobublar hemorrhage
▪️ optic nerve tumor
▪️ orbital cellulitis