Surgical notes
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Forwarded from ๐Ÿ‚
ุงู„ู…ู†ุฏูˆุจ ูˆุงู„ู„ุฌู†ุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู‡ุงุฐูŠ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุณูŠุฑูˆุง ูŠู„ุงุญู‚ูˆุง ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ู…ู‚ุฑุฑ ูˆูŠุฑุฏูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุงู„ุฏูƒุงุชุฑู‡ ูˆู‡ู… ูŠุฑุฌุนูˆุง ูŠุจู„ุบูˆู†ุง ๐Ÿ™‚๐Ÿ”ฅ
Forwarded from KAS
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ุชู„ุฎูŠุต ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ุดู‡ุงุฑูŠ GERD ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุงุถุงูุงุช

ู…ุน ุงู„ุดูƒุฑ ู„ู„ุงุฎ ุฎู„ูŠู„ ุณุฑุงุฌ
Forwarded from Group "F"- Internship
โ€ขโ€ข

๐Ÿ”น (ู‚ุตูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุก) ๐Ÿ”น


ุดูŽููŽู‚ูŒ ุชูŽุดู‘ูŽูƒูŽู„ูŽ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุฑูˆุจู ูƒู…ุง ุงู„ู†ุฏู‰
ููŽุงู‚ูŽ ุงู„ุนู‚ูŠู‚ูŽ ู†ูŽุถูŽุงุฑุฉู‹ ูˆุงู„ุนูŽุณุฌูŽุฏุง
ูˆุงู„ุดู…ุณู ููŠ ุฎูŽุฌูŽู„ู ุชููƒูŽููƒููู ู†ูˆุฑู‡ุง
ู…ูุซู„ู ุงู„ุฌููููˆู†ู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูุญูŽุงุธู ุชูŽู…ูŽุฑู‘ุฏุง
ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠู„ู ูŠูุฑุฎููŠ ูู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุก ุณูุฏููˆู„ูŽู‡ู
ูˆุงู„ุจุญุฑู ู…ู† ุญูู„ูŽู„ ุงู„ุนู‚ูŠู‚ ุชูŽูˆู‘ูŽุฑูŽุฏูŽุง
ุฃููˆูŽุฌู ุงู„ุฌููŽุจุงู„ู ุชูŽู…ูŽูŠูŽุณูŽุช ุขุฑุงู…ู‡ุง
ู„ูŽู…ู‘ุง ุซูŽุฑู‰ ุงู„ุชูŽุจุฑู ุงู„ู†ูŽูููŠุณู ุชูŽู„ูŽุจู‘ูŽุฏุง
ูˆุงู„ุดูŽู…ุณู ูˆุงู„ุดูŽููŽู‚ูŽ ุงู„ุฑุฎูŠู…ูŽ ูŠูŽุญูููู‡ูŽุง
ุทูŽุฑููŒ ุชูŽูƒู‘ูŽุญูŽู„ูŽ ููุถูŽุฉู‹ ู„ุง ุฅูุซูู…ุฏูŽุง
ูˆุงู„ุตู‘ูŽุจู ููŠ ูƒูŽู„ู ูŠููƒูŽุงุจูุฏู ู„ูŽูˆุนูŽุฉู‹
ูุงู„ู‚ู„ุจู ุฎูŽูู‘ูŽุงู‚ูŒ ูŠุฑูุฑู ู‡ูุฏู‡ูุฏูŽุง
ูˆุงู„ูŠู‘ูŽู…ู ูƒูŽุงู„ุฑู‘ุงุญู ุงู„ุฎุถูŠุจ ู…ุฒุฎุฑููŒ
ู„ูŽู…ู‘ุง ุจูู‡ู ุดูŽููŽู‚ู ุงู„ู…ุณุงุก ุชุนุงู…ุฏุง
ุดูŽููŽู‚ูŒ ุชูŽุถู‘ูŽูˆู‘ูŽุนูŽุชู ุงู„ุฏููŠูŽุงุฑู ุนูŽุจูŠุฑูŽู‡ู
ูˆู„ูŽูˆูŽุงุนูุฌู ุงู„ุงูู†ุงู†ู ุฒูุฏู†ูŽ ุชูŽูˆูŽุฑูุฏูŽุง
ูˆุงู„ุจุญุฑู ู‚ุฏ ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ุบุฑูˆุจูŽ ุฃู†ุงู‚ุฉู‹
ุดูŽููŽู‚ูŒ ุบูŽุฏุง ุนูŽุฐุจู ุงู„ููุฑุงุชู ู„ูŽู‡ู ุตุฏู‰
ูˆุงู„ู†ู‘ูŽุฌู…ู ููŠ ุดูŽุจูŽู‚ู ูŠูู†ูŽุงุธูุฑู ูˆูŽู‚ูŽุชูŽู‡
ูˆุงู„ุจูŽุฏุฑู ููŠ ุดูŽุบูŽูู ู„ููŠูŽุนุชูŽู„ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏู‰
ุฅู†ู‘ูŠ ุฃุฑู‰ ุงู„ุดูŽููŽู‚ูŽ ุงู„ุฑุฎูŠู… ุฑุตุงุตุฉู‹
ุตูŽุงุฏุช ุดูุบูŽุงููŽ ุงู„ูŠูŽูˆู… ุฅู† ุฃูŽุฒูููŽ ุงู„ุฑุฏู‰
ู…ูู† ุฒูŽู‡ูŽูˆุฉู ุงู„ุฃูู„ุงูƒู ุฑูŽูˆู†ูŽู‚ู ู„ูˆู†ูู‡ุง
ุชูŽุทู‘ุฑูŽุฒูŽุชูŽ ุดุชู‰ ุงู„ุจูู‚ุงุนู ุฒูู…ูุฑูุฏุง
ุญูŽุจูŽูƒูŽุช ุฃูŠุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ู ุฃุฒู‡ู‰ ุจูุฑุฏูŽุฉู‹
ู…ูู† ุฃูŽู†ุฌูู…ู ุฒูู‡ุฑู ุชูุถุงู‡ูŠ ุงู„ููŽุฑู‚ูŽุฏุง
ู…ูู† ุณูู†ุฏูุณู ุฎูุถูุฑู ู…ุน ุฅูุณุชูŽุจุฑู‚ู
ู…ูู† ุญูู„ูŠูŽุฉูŽ ุงู„ูŠุงู‚ูˆุชู ุฎูŠุฑูู ุฒู‘ูŽุจูŽุฑู’ุฌูŽุฏุง
ููŽุชูŽูˆูŽุดูŽุญูŽุช ุฃุจู‡ู‰ ุณูŽู…ุงุกูŽ ุฅูุฒูŽุงุฑูŽู‡ุง
ูˆุงู„ุจูŽุฏุฑู ููŠ ุนุฑุดู ุงู„ุณู…ุงุกู ุชูŽุณูŽูŠู‘ูŽุฏูŽุง
ููŽุบูŽุฏุช ู„ูู…ูŽู† ุนูŽุงุฒูŽ ุงู„ู„ูุญูŽุงููŽ ู†ูŽู…ุงุฑูู‚ูŽุงู‹
ูˆุบุฏุช ู„ูุฃูŽู‡ู„ ุงู„ุบูุจู†ู ุฃู‚ุฏุณู ู…ูŽุนูŽุจุฏุง
ุงู„ู„ูŠู‘ู„ู ูŠูุถุฑูู…ู ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุชูŽูŠู‘ูŽู…ู ุฌูŽุฐูŽูˆูŽุฉู‹
ููŽุชุตุทูŽู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูŽุดูˆูŽุงุธู ู‚ูŽู„ุจูŽุงู‹ ุฃููˆูุนูุฏูŽุง
ููŠ ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฅุบุณุงู‚ู ู„ูŽุญู†ู ู‚ูŽุตูŠุฏูŽุฉู
ุนุฒููŽ ุงู„ุบุฑูˆุจู ุงู„ุญูุจู‘ูŽ ู„ุญู†ุงู‹ ุฎูŽุงู„ูุฏุง

ุงู„ุงุณู… / ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงูŠุทูŠ
ุฌุงู…ุนุฉุตู†ุนุงุก/ุทุจ ุจุดุฑูŠ
ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน
Forwarded from Group "F"- Internship
@Lajnasc_USF

ู„ูˆ ุณู…ุญุชู… ุฒู…ู„ุงุฆูŠ ูˆุฒู…ูŠู„ุงุชูŠ ุงู„ูƒุฑุงู…
ุฃุฏุฎู„ูˆุง ุตูˆุชูˆุง ู„ูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ
ู…ุนุงู†ุง ู…ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ
ุดุงุนุฑ ูƒู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุทุจ
Forwarded from Common Sense
Dyspnea in Acute myeloid leukemia may be due to Leukostasis

"Increased blood viscosity due to large leukemic blast populations which lead to symptoms of decrease tissue perfusion"

ุฏ/ ุฌู…ูŠู„ ุงู„ุบุฒุงู„ูŠ
#ุนู„ู…_ู„ุงูŠู†ุณู‰
Forwarded from Common Sense
Notes on X-ray from physician point of view

๐Ÿ›‘ How to Differentiat between PA and AP films of X-ray โ“โ“
โ—ฝ๏ธ In PA film the clavicles form a V shape in the X-Ray image

๐Ÿ›‘ How to determine whether the X-ray dose was adequate or un proper dose โ“โ“
โ—ฝ๏ธ In Adequate dose we can only see the lining of vertebrae in the upper mediastinum
โ—ฝ๏ธIn High dose we see the lining of vertebrae along the whole mediastinum " whole X-ray image" โžก๏ธ it's used for vertebral column imaging
โ—ฝ๏ธIn lose dose the vertebral lining is not seen

๐Ÿ”ปClinically
1โƒฃIn high dose image โžก๏ธ soft tissue is not well seen โžก๏ธwe could miss any pathology on lung OR we could wrongly diagnosed the patient as Pneumothorax

2โƒฃIn low dose image โžก๏ธ soft tissue is more prominent โžก๏ธ we mistake a bilateral infeltration pneumonia

๐Ÿ›‘ How to Differentiat between inspiratory and expiratory films โ“โ“
โ—ฝ๏ธUsually the 5th ant. rib crossing the mid diaphragm in the inspiratory film while it's above the diaphragm in expiratory film

๐Ÿ”ปClinically
1โƒฃ The expiratory films may give a false appearance of cardiomegaly

๐Ÿ›‘ Others note

1โƒฃ Prominent aorta in x-ray may indecate that the patient is almost more than 33

2โƒฃ Mitralization sign โ–ถ๏ธ sign of Mitral stenosis " not specific may indecate others Mitral lesion" โ–ถ๏ธ straightening of the left heart border in a chest x- ray due to dilatetion of left atrium and Pulmonary artery

3โƒฃ Left cardiophrenic angle is almost 60' degree
If it's Markedly acute โ–ถ๏ธ Right ventricle enlargement
If it's obtuse โ–ถ๏ธ left ventricular enlargement

4โƒฃ The right border of the heart consists of( Right ATRIUM ) , ascending aorta and SVC

ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ/ ุฎุงู„ุฏ ุงู„ุงุบุจุฑูŠ
#ุนู„ู…_ู„ุงูŠู†ุณู‰
Forwarded from Common Sense
๐Ÿ›‘ Respiratory causes of haemoptysis

1โƒฃ Infective : bronchitis - TB - pneumonia - COPD others fungal & viral infections of the lung
2โƒฃ Neoplastic : either primary or secondary
3โƒฃ Vascular : lung infarction - vasculitis ( ANCA-associated, SLE, Rheumatoid arthritis )
4โƒฃ Parenchymal : Diffuse Interstitial fibrosis, sarcoidosis, haemosiderosis, cystic fibrosis
5โƒฃ Pulmonary Hypertension
6โƒฃ Trauma or foreign body in the Airway

๐Ÿ›‘ Massive haemoptysis causes?
1โƒฃ TB
2โƒฃ Bronchiectasis
3โƒฃ Bronchogenic carcinoma
4โƒฃ Trauma in the Airway

โžก๏ธ Because the lesion is supplied by bronchial artery ( high pressure )
Forwarded from Common Sense
๐Ÿ›‘ Ortner's syndrome
Mitral stenosis โžก๏ธ dilatetion of the lt. Atrium
Leading to :
1โƒฃ Compression of Left laryngeal nerve โžก๏ธ Hoarseness of voice
2โƒฃ Compression of the esophagus โžก๏ธ dysphagia
3โƒฃ Compression of the trachea โžก๏ธ shortness of breath, risk of aspiration cough and hemoptysis
Forwarded from Common Sense
๐Ÿ›‘ Hemoptysis associated with Hematuria

โžก๏ธ We must consider Goodpasture syndrome as possible cause.

Goodpasture syndrome most often manifests as diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and glomerulonephritis together.
Forwarded from Common Sense
๐Ÿ›‘ Hemoptysis only during menstruation in female patients??

Catamenial Hemoptysis
intrabronchial or parenchymal endometrial tissue deposits, and is considered a subset of extrapelvic endometriosis
Forwarded from Common Sense
๐Ÿ›‘ Peptic ulcer is more frequent in patients with liver cirrhosis .. Why ?

The liver is responsible for the metabolism and degradation of the Gastrin hormone
In case of liver cirrhosis.. The Gastren is not degradated in the liver โžก๏ธ increase the level of Gastrin hormone โžก๏ธ increase secretion of the pepsinogen and HCl from the stomach โžก๏ธ Ulceration
ุฏ/ ู…ู†ุตูˆุฑ ุงู„ุนู…ุฑุงู†ูŠ
#ุนู„ู…_ู„ุงูŠู†ุณู‰
Forwarded from Common Sense
ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู…
( ูˆูŽู…ูู†ู’ ุขูŽูŠูŽุงุชูู‡ู ุฃูŽู†ู’ ุฎูŽู„ูŽู‚ูŽ ู„ูŽูƒูู…ู’ ู…ูู†ู’ ุฃูŽู†ู’ููุณููƒูู…ู’ ุฃูŽุฒู’ูˆูŽุงุฌู‹ุง ู„ูุชูŽุณู’ูƒูู†ููˆุง ุฅูู„ูŽูŠู’ู‡ูŽุง โ–ช๏ธ ูˆูŽุฌูŽุนูŽู„ูŽ ุจูŽูŠู’ู†ูŽูƒูู…ู’ ู…ูŽูˆูŽุฏู‘ูŽุฉู‹ ูˆูŽุฑูŽุญู’ู…ูŽุฉู‹ ุฅูู†ู‘ูŽ ูููŠ ุฐูŽู„ููƒูŽ ู„ูŽุขูŽูŠูŽุงุชู ู„ูู‚ูŽูˆู’ู…ู ูŠูŽุชูŽููŽูƒู‘ูŽุฑููˆู†ูŽ )

ู†ุจุนุซ ุจุฃุญุฑ ูˆุงุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ุชู‡ุงู†ูŠ ูˆุงู„ุชุจุฑูŠูƒุงุช ุจู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุฎุทูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ุฒู…ูŠู„ูŠู† /

ุงุจุฑุงู‡ูŠู… ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุนุจุฏู‡ ู‚ุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ุตุจุฑูŠ
ุณุงุฑุฉ ุนุจุฏ ุงู„ุจุงุณุท ุนุจุฏุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุดู…ูŠุฑูŠ

ู†ุชู…ู†ู‰ ู„ูƒู…ุง ุฎุทูˆุจุฉ ุณุนูŠุฏุฉ ูˆุญูŠุงุฉ ู…ู„ูŠุฆุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุณุฑุงุช ูˆุนู‚ุจุงู„ ุงู„ูุฑุญุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจุฑู‰ ๐Ÿ’•๐Ÿ’–

#ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ_ุชุญุชูู„
#ุงูˆุงุฆู„_ุงู„ุฏูุนุฉ_ุฎุทุจูˆุง
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ูƒู„ุงุงุงู… โค๏ธโค๏ธโค๏ธ