Surgical notes
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Forwarded from Surgical notes
๐ŸŒทู„ูŠุด ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… serum sicknessุŸุŸ

ู„ุงู†ูˆ ุงู„ antigen ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ ุจุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุณู… .. ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ูŠุงุฎุฐ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนูŠ ูˆู‚ุชู‡ ูˆุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ Antibody ..ูู…ุง ุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ุง ุจุนุฏ ู†ู‚ุตุงู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู† ูˆู…ุง ูŠุญุตู„ ุชุฑุงูƒู… ู„ู„ Immune complexes ... ูู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„serum sickness

#ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ
#ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆ
Forwarded from Surgical notes
๐ŸŒผ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ Viral interference
.ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Superinfection- resistance
ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู†ูˆ ุงุฐุง ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ูุงูŠุฑุณ ู„ู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูŠุตูŠุฑ Down regulation of receptor
ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ุงุนุงุฏ ุชุชุฃุซุฑ ุจูุงูŠุฑุณ ุงุฎุฑ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงู„ูุงูŠุฑุณ

ุจุณ ููŠู‡ ุญุงู„ุงุช ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ Patient ู…ุชุนุฑุถ
ู„ู„ HBV & HCV ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุŸ

ู…ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุŸ

ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู†ูˆ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู„ุงู ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
ูุงู„ูุงูŠุฑุณ B ูŠุตูŠุจ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ูุงูŠุฑุณ C ูŠุตูŠุจ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงุฎุฑู‰ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุตุงุจุฉ ..

#ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช
#ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆ
Forwarded from Surgical notes
๐ŸŒท There are 6 genotypes of hepatitis C virus ..

๐ŸŒท the genotype in middle-east including Arabic country : Yemen , Egypt and so on Is Genotype 4โƒฃ

๐ŸŒท we can't develop a vaccination for Hepatitis C virus due to presence of variable Quasispecies .. which change it's antigen ุฎูŠุฑุงุงุงุช

๐ŸŒทThe presence of Anti- HCV IgM is not useful to determine if it is acute, chronic or either cured infection ( due to Quasispecies)

๐ŸŒท We must do RT-PCR to confirm the results

๐ŸŒท Both Acute and Chronic infection present HCV DNA .. But note
๐Ÿƒ Acute infection >> rised ALT
๐Ÿƒ chronic infection >> fluctuating ALT

#ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช
#ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆ
Forwarded from Surgical notes
๐ŸŒน The goal of treatment of HCV:

Is No HCV RNA after using the drug by 3 mouths ...

ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ูŠูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ู†ุนูŠุฏ ุงู„ูุญุต ุจุนุฏ 3 ุงุดู‡ุฑ ..


#ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช
#ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆ
Forwarded from Surgical notes
๐ŸŒบ Type 1 diabetes, once known asโœจ juvenile diabetesโœจ or insulin-dependent diabetes, is a chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin.

May be Caused by Enterovirus .. ( Coxsackie B3&4 ) virus

Also Rubella virus > Rubivirus in the family Togaviridae


#ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช

#ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆ
Forwarded from Surgical notes
๐Ÿ’Pleurodynia :- ( Devil's grip)

 is defined as the sudden occurrence of lancinating chest pain or abdominal pain attacks, commonly associated with fever, malaise, and headaches.

Caused by : Coxsackievirus B is an RNA Enterovirus .

Coxsackievirus usually causes an asymptomatic or brief upper respiratory tract or gastroenteric infection.

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#ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆ
Forwarded from Surgical notes
๐Ÿ’Herpangina :- ( vesicular pharyngitis)

also called mouth blisters, is a painful mouth infection caused by coxsackieviruses. Usually, herpangina is produced by one particular strain of coxsackie virus A๐Ÿ›‘ (and the term "herpanginavirus" refers to coxsackievirus A) but it can also be caused by coxsackievirus B or echoviruses.

#ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช
#ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆ
Forwarded from Surgical notes
๐Ÿ’๐Ÿ’ู„ู…ุง ูŠุณุฃู„ู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ more tolerant ุŸ

Naked or enveloped virus

ุนู„ู‰ ุนูƒุณ ู…ุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุงู† ุงู„ Naked more tolerant

Why !!?

Enveloped viruses mean they have outer lipid layer of glycoprotein and lipoproteins (envelop) that can be neutralized easily by various chemical and physical agents .

ูˆุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ naked ..

Despite the lack of a lipid envelope, these organisms have a very resistant viral capsid 

ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุงู‹ ุจู…ุซุงู„ !ุŸ

ุงู†ูˆ ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุนุงูŠุง Naked virus ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู‚ุงูˆู… ู„ู„ PH of stomach ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงุฎุฐู†ุงู‡ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ Fecal-oral route ุจูŠุณุจุจ ุงู„ุนุฏูˆู‰. .
ูˆู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† enveloped ุจูŠุชุฏู…ุฑ ุงู„ุงู†ูู„ูˆุจ ูˆุงู„ PH ุจุชู‚ุถูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุงูŠุฑุณ

#ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช
#ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆ
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ูŠ ู„ู‚ูŠุช ู„ู‡ู… ุญู…ู„ ุจุฎุตูˆุต ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ Hypersensitivity ๐Ÿ‘†๐Ÿป
ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู…ุง ุฑุงุฌุนุช ุงู„ุญู„ ..
ุงุฐุง ููŠ ุชุนุฏูŠู„ ุจู„ุบูˆู†ุง ููŠ ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงู‚ุดุฉ ูˆู†ุนุฏู„
ูˆุงุฐุง ููŠ ุญุฏ ุจูŠุญู„ ุงู„ุจู‚ูŠุฉ ูˆู†ู†ุดุฑู‡ู… ู„ู„ูุงุฆุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ^
#ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ
Cases in Autoimmune disease:-
๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿป๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿป๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿป
Autoimmune hepatitis
Addisson disease
Pernicious anemia
Maysthenia Gravis
Rheumatoid Arthritis