Forwarded from Surgical notes
๐บ ูู ูู ูุงุญุฏ ุฏุนุณ ู
ุณู
ุงุฑ ..
ุจูุนุทูู Anti- tetanus ุ
ูู ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู ุงูุด ุ ุนู Antibodies ู ู ู ุตุฏุฑ ุญููุงูู .... ูุฐูู ูู ุง ุชุญูููุง ุจุงูุฌุณู .. ู ู ูู ูููู ุงูุงูุชู ุจุฏู ูุฐุง ู ุนุงู ุงูุชูุฌูู ูุนุชุจุฑ ู foreign ููุฌุณู ููู ุจุนุถ ุงูุญุงูุงุช ู ู ูู ูุชุณุจุจ ูู Hypersensitivity reaction type 3 ..
ูููู ุงูุฌุณู ูุทูุน ูู Antibody
ุงูุงู ูู ูุฉ ุงูุงูุชูุฌูู ุงููู ุฏุฎูุช ุงูุฌุณู ูุจูุฑุฉ excess ..
ูุจุงูููุงูุฉ ูุชููู ุนูุฏู immune complexes ูุชุคุฏู ุงูู ุธููุฑ ุงูุงุนุฑุงุถ ...
ููุฐุง ุงูุฎุจุฑ ุงุณู ู serum sickness
ููุนุชุจุฑ๐ท self limited๐ท ูุงูู ุจูุนุทูู single dose ู ุจููู ู ุงูุงูุชูุฌูู ุจุนุฏ ุดููุฉ
#ู ูุงุนุฉ
#ู ุงููุฑู
ุจูุนุทูู Anti- tetanus ุ
ูู ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู ุงูุด ุ ุนู Antibodies ู ู ู ุตุฏุฑ ุญููุงูู .... ูุฐูู ูู ุง ุชุญูููุง ุจุงูุฌุณู .. ู ู ูู ูููู ุงูุงูุชู ุจุฏู ูุฐุง ู ุนุงู ุงูุชูุฌูู ูุนุชุจุฑ ู foreign ููุฌุณู ููู ุจุนุถ ุงูุญุงูุงุช ู ู ูู ูุชุณุจุจ ูู Hypersensitivity reaction type 3 ..
ูููู ุงูุฌุณู ูุทูุน ูู Antibody
ุงูุงู ูู ูุฉ ุงูุงูุชูุฌูู ุงููู ุฏุฎูุช ุงูุฌุณู ูุจูุฑุฉ excess ..
ูุจุงูููุงูุฉ ูุชููู ุนูุฏู immune complexes ูุชุคุฏู ุงูู ุธููุฑ ุงูุงุนุฑุงุถ ...
ููุฐุง ุงูุฎุจุฑ ุงุณู ู serum sickness
ููุนุชุจุฑ๐ท self limited๐ท ูุงูู ุจูุนุทูู single dose ู ุจููู ู ุงูุงูุชูุฌูู ุจุนุฏ ุดููุฉ
#ู ูุงุนุฉ
#ู ุงููุฑู
Forwarded from Surgical notes
๐ทุงูู
ุณููู ุฏุนุณ ุงูู
ุณู
ุงุฑ .. ู
ุฑุฉ ุซุงููุฉ. ..
ุนุทูู anti- tetanus
ุนูุตูุฑ ุนูุฏู early serum sickness
Due to Early response
ูุงูู ุงู Antibody ู ูุฌูุฏุฉ ุนูุฏู ู ุณุจูุงู... ุจุณุจุจ ูุฌูุฏ ุงู memory cell ุงููู ุธูุฑุช ู ู Immune reaction
ุทุจุนุง Antibody against antigen administrated with antibody of tetanus
#ู ูุงุนุฉ
#ู ุงููุฑู
ุนุทูู anti- tetanus
ุนูุตูุฑ ุนูุฏู early serum sickness
Due to Early response
ูุงูู ุงู Antibody ู ูุฌูุฏุฉ ุนูุฏู ู ุณุจูุงู... ุจุณุจุจ ูุฌูุฏ ุงู memory cell ุงููู ุธูุฑุช ู ู Immune reaction
ุทุจุนุง Antibody against antigen administrated with antibody of tetanus
#ู ูุงุนุฉ
#ู ุงููุฑู
Forwarded from Surgical notes
๐ทููุด ูู ูุงุณ ู
ุง ูุตูุฑ ุนูุฏูู
serum sicknessุุ
ูุงูู ุงู antigen ุงููู ุงุญูุง ูุชููู ุนูู ุจุชูุชูู ู ู ุงูุฌุณู .. ูุจู ู ุง ูุงุฎุฐ ุงูุฌูุงุฒ ุงูู ูุงุนู ููุชู ูุชุทูุน ุงู Antibody ..ูู ุง ุชุทูุน ุงูุง ุจุนุฏ ููุตุงู ุงูุงูุชูุฌูู ูู ุง ูุญุตู ุชุฑุงูู ูู Immune complexes ... ูู ุง ูุตูุฑ ุนูุฏู ุงูserum sickness
#ู ูุงุนุฉ
#ู ุงููุฑู
ูุงูู ุงู antigen ุงููู ุงุญูุง ูุชููู ุนูู ุจุชูุชูู ู ู ุงูุฌุณู .. ูุจู ู ุง ูุงุฎุฐ ุงูุฌูุงุฒ ุงูู ูุงุนู ููุชู ูุชุทูุน ุงู Antibody ..ูู ุง ุชุทูุน ุงูุง ุจุนุฏ ููุตุงู ุงูุงูุชูุฌูู ูู ุง ูุญุตู ุชุฑุงูู ูู Immune complexes ... ูู ุง ูุตูุฑ ุนูุฏู ุงูserum sickness
#ู ูุงุนุฉ
#ู ุงููุฑู
Forwarded from Surgical notes
๐ผ ุนูู ุงูุฑุบู
ู
ู ูุฌูุฏ ุงู Viral interference
.ูุงููู ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู Superinfection- resistance
ุจู ุนูู ุงูู ุงุฐุง ุฏุฎู ุงููุงูุฑุณ ููุฎููุฉ ูุตูุฑ Down regulation of receptor
ุจุงูุชุงูู ุชููู ุงูุฎููุฉ ู ุงุนุงุฏ ุชุชุฃุซุฑ ุจูุงูุฑุณ ุงุฎุฑ ุงุฐุง ูุงูุช ู ุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงููุงูุฑุณ
ุจุณ ููู ุญุงูุงุช ูููู ุงู Patient ู ุชุนุฑุถ
ูู HBV & HCV ูู ููุณ ุงูููุช ุ
ู ุงูุณุจุจ ุ
ุงูุณุจุจ ุงูู ุงููุจุฏ ูุชููู ู ู ุงูุงูุงู ุงูุฎูุงูุง
ูุงููุงูุฑุณ B ูุตูุจ ุฎููุฉ ู ุงููุงูุฑุณ C ูุตูุจ ุฎููุฉ ุงุฎุฑู ุบูุฑ ู ุตุงุจุฉ ..
#ููุฑูุณุงุช
#ู ุงููุฑู
.ูุงููู ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู Superinfection- resistance
ุจู ุนูู ุงูู ุงุฐุง ุฏุฎู ุงููุงูุฑุณ ููุฎููุฉ ูุตูุฑ Down regulation of receptor
ุจุงูุชุงูู ุชููู ุงูุฎููุฉ ู ุงุนุงุฏ ุชุชุฃุซุฑ ุจูุงูุฑุณ ุงุฎุฑ ุงุฐุง ูุงูุช ู ุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงููุงูุฑุณ
ุจุณ ููู ุญุงูุงุช ูููู ุงู Patient ู ุชุนุฑุถ
ูู HBV & HCV ูู ููุณ ุงูููุช ุ
ู ุงูุณุจุจ ุ
ุงูุณุจุจ ุงูู ุงููุจุฏ ูุชููู ู ู ุงูุงูุงู ุงูุฎูุงูุง
ูุงููุงูุฑุณ B ูุตูุจ ุฎููุฉ ู ุงููุงูุฑุณ C ูุตูุจ ุฎููุฉ ุงุฎุฑู ุบูุฑ ู ุตุงุจุฉ ..
#ููุฑูุณุงุช
#ู ุงููุฑู
Forwarded from Surgical notes
๐ท There are 6 genotypes of hepatitis C virus ..
๐ท the genotype in middle-east including Arabic country : Yemen , Egypt and so on Is Genotype 4โฃ
๐ท we can't develop a vaccination for Hepatitis C virus due to presence of variable Quasispecies .. which change it's antigen ุฎูุฑุงุงุงุช
๐ทThe presence of Anti- HCV IgM is not useful to determine if it is acute, chronic or either cured infection ( due to Quasispecies)
๐ท We must do RT-PCR to confirm the results
๐ท Both Acute and Chronic infection present HCV DNA .. But note
๐ Acute infection >> rised ALT
๐ chronic infection >> fluctuating ALT
#ููุฑูุณุงุช
#ู ุงููุฑู
๐ท the genotype in middle-east including Arabic country : Yemen , Egypt and so on Is Genotype 4โฃ
๐ท we can't develop a vaccination for Hepatitis C virus due to presence of variable Quasispecies .. which change it's antigen ุฎูุฑุงุงุงุช
๐ทThe presence of Anti- HCV IgM is not useful to determine if it is acute, chronic or either cured infection ( due to Quasispecies)
๐ท We must do RT-PCR to confirm the results
๐ท Both Acute and Chronic infection present HCV DNA .. But note
๐ Acute infection >> rised ALT
๐ chronic infection >> fluctuating ALT
#ููุฑูุณุงุช
#ู ุงููุฑู
Forwarded from Surgical notes
๐น The goal of treatment of HCV:
Is No HCV RNA after using the drug by 3 mouths ...
ูุนูู ุจุนุฏ ู ุง ููู ู ุงูุนูุงุฌ ูุนูุฏ ุงููุญุต ุจุนุฏ 3 ุงุดูุฑ ..
#ููุฑูุณุงุช
#ู ุงููุฑู
Is No HCV RNA after using the drug by 3 mouths ...
ูุนูู ุจุนุฏ ู ุง ููู ู ุงูุนูุงุฌ ูุนูุฏ ุงููุญุต ุจุนุฏ 3 ุงุดูุฑ ..
#ููุฑูุณุงุช
#ู ุงููุฑู
Forwarded from Surgical notes
๐บ Type 1 diabetes, once known asโจ juvenile diabetesโจ or insulin-dependent diabetes, is a chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin.
May be Caused by Enterovirus .. ( Coxsackie B3&4 ) virus
Also Rubella virus > Rubivirus in the family Togaviridae
#ููุฑูุณุงุช
#ู ุงููุฑู
May be Caused by Enterovirus .. ( Coxsackie B3&4 ) virus
Also Rubella virus > Rubivirus in the family Togaviridae
#ููุฑูุณุงุช
#ู ุงููุฑู
Forwarded from Surgical notes
๐Pleurodynia :- ( Devil's grip)
is defined as the sudden occurrence of lancinating chest pain or abdominal pain attacks, commonly associated with fever, malaise, and headaches.
Caused by : Coxsackievirus B is an RNA Enterovirus .
Coxsackievirus usually causes an asymptomatic or brief upper respiratory tract or gastroenteric infection.
#ููุฑูุณุงุช
#ู ุงููุฑู
is defined as the sudden occurrence of lancinating chest pain or abdominal pain attacks, commonly associated with fever, malaise, and headaches.
Caused by : Coxsackievirus B is an RNA Enterovirus .
Coxsackievirus usually causes an asymptomatic or brief upper respiratory tract or gastroenteric infection.
#ููุฑูุณุงุช
#ู ุงููุฑู
Forwarded from Surgical notes
๐Herpangina :- ( vesicular pharyngitis)
also called mouth blisters, is a painful mouth infection caused by coxsackieviruses. Usually, herpangina is produced by one particular strain of coxsackie virus A๐ (and the term "herpanginavirus" refers to coxsackievirus A) but it can also be caused by coxsackievirus B or echoviruses.
#ููุฑูุณุงุช
#ู ุงููุฑู
also called mouth blisters, is a painful mouth infection caused by coxsackieviruses. Usually, herpangina is produced by one particular strain of coxsackie virus A๐ (and the term "herpanginavirus" refers to coxsackievirus A) but it can also be caused by coxsackievirus B or echoviruses.
#ููุฑูุณุงุช
#ู ุงููุฑู
Forwarded from Surgical notes
๐๐ูู
ุง ูุณุฃููู ู
ู ุงู more tolerant ุ
Naked or enveloped virus
ุนูู ุนูุณ ู ุง ูุจุฏู ุงู ุงู Naked more tolerant
Why !!?
Enveloped viruses mean they have outer lipid layer of glycoprotein and lipoproteins (envelop) that can be neutralized easily by various chemical and physical agents .
ูุงูุนูุณ ุจุงููุณุจุฉ ูู naked ..
Despite the lack of a lipid envelope, these organisms have a very resistant viral capsid
ุจููุงุญุธ ูุฐุง ุนู ููุงู ุจู ุซุงู !ุ
ุงูู ููุช ู ุง ูููู ู ุนุงูุง Naked virus ุจูููู ู ูุงูู ูู PH of stomach ุจุงูุชุงูู ูู ุงุฎุฐูุงู ุนู ุทุฑูู ุงู Fecal-oral route ุจูุณุจุจ ุงูุนุฏูู. .
ููู ูุงู enveloped ุจูุชุฏู ุฑ ุงูุงููููุจ ูุงู PH ุจุชูุถู ุนูู ุงููุงูุฑุณ
#ููุฑูุณุงุช
#ู ุงููุฑู
Naked or enveloped virus
ุนูู ุนูุณ ู ุง ูุจุฏู ุงู ุงู Naked more tolerant
Why !!?
Enveloped viruses mean they have outer lipid layer of glycoprotein and lipoproteins (envelop) that can be neutralized easily by various chemical and physical agents .
ูุงูุนูุณ ุจุงููุณุจุฉ ูู naked ..
Despite the lack of a lipid envelope, these organisms have a very resistant viral capsid
ุจููุงุญุธ ูุฐุง ุนู ููุงู ุจู ุซุงู !ุ
ุงูู ููุช ู ุง ูููู ู ุนุงูุง Naked virus ุจูููู ู ูุงูู ูู PH of stomach ุจุงูุชุงูู ูู ุงุฎุฐูุงู ุนู ุทุฑูู ุงู Fecal-oral route ุจูุณุจุจ ุงูุนุฏูู. .
ููู ูุงู enveloped ุจูุชุฏู ุฑ ุงูุงููููุจ ูุงู PH ุจุชูุถู ุนูู ุงููุงูุฑุณ
#ููุฑูุณุงุช
#ู ุงููุฑู
Khawla Ali
Cases ููููุจุฑุณูุณุชูุชู ู
ู ู
ูุฎุต ูุจุถ ุงูุญูุงู ุงุธู ู
ุด ู
ูุฌูุฏุงุช ูู ุงูู
ูุงุฒู
๐ค
ุญู ููุฐู ุงู cases ู
ู ุณููุงุช ู
ุงุถูุฉ
ูุฐุง ุงููู ูู ูููุช ููู
ุญู
ู ุจุฎุตูุต ู
ูุถูุน ุงู Hypersensitivity ๐๐ป
ุทุจุนุงู ู ุง ุฑุงุฌุนุช ุงูุญู ..
ุงุฐุง ูู ุชุนุฏูู ุจูุบููุง ูู ุฌุฑูุจ ุงูู ูุงูุดุฉ ููุนุฏู
ูุงุฐุง ูู ุญุฏ ุจูุญู ุงูุจููุฉ ูููุดุฑูู ูููุงุฆุฏุฉ ุงูุฌู ูุน ^
#ู ูุงุนุฉ
ุทุจุนุงู ู ุง ุฑุงุฌุนุช ุงูุญู ..
ุงุฐุง ูู ุชุนุฏูู ุจูุบููุง ูู ุฌุฑูุจ ุงูู ูุงูุดุฉ ููุนุฏู
ูุงุฐุง ูู ุญุฏ ุจูุญู ุงูุจููุฉ ูููุดุฑูู ูููุงุฆุฏุฉ ุงูุฌู ูุน ^
#ู ูุงุนุฉ