Slide 39:
❗️Menetrier Disease.
‼️*dialted gastric pits and glands.
*Hyperplasia of faveolar cells.
#معمل_باثو
#سلايدات

Slide 38:
❗️Menetrier Disease (Hypertrophic gatrophathy).

‼️Giant Mucosal Folds.
#معمل_باثو
#سلايدات

⭕ Diagnosis Intestinal metaplasia in the stomach
- may be caused by Autoimmune chronic gastritis

🔶 Feature: Presence of Goblet cells

⭕ Diagnosis: Polyps in the stomach (by endoscope)

🔶 Feature: Tiny, numerous sessile massess, maybe associated with bleeding

⭕ Diagnosis: Fundic gland polyposis (FGP)
-It is not a neoplasm

🔶 Feature: presence of hyperplastic mucus secreting glands, no dysplastic changes

-Short gastric pits with superficial and deep cystic pits (اضافة)

⭕ Diagnosis: Gastric hyperplastic polyposis

🔶 Feature:
الدكتور اعتبرها نفس ال FGP

- Dilated tortuos pits with inflamed edematous stroma (اضافة)

⭕ Adenoma (Adenomatous Polyp)_is a pre-cancerous state of tumor.
🔶
-Dysplastic changes of the glands:
1- Stratification of the lining epithelium.
2- nn. at different levels and are hyperchromtic.

⭕ Diagnosis: Malignant ulcer
🔶 Feature: Everted and thickened Edges surrounding the ulcer

⭕ Diagnosis: Gastric carcinoma (gross cut section)

🔶 Feature: thickening of the stomach wall in the pyloric part

⭕ Diagnosis: Gastric adenocarcinoma

🔶 Feature: Eosinophilic glands invading the musclaris propria (may also invade other layers and other abdominal organs)

⭕ Diagnosis: Diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma (Signet ring carcinoma)

🔶 Feature: Signet ring cells with abundant cytoplasm

⭕ Diagnosis: Neuroendocrine tumor (Carcinoid tumor)

🔶 Feature: Nests of cells, the nuclei of the cells are characterized by the presence of light and dark chormatin "Salt and Pepper nuclear chromatin"

⭕ Diagnosis: Gastrointestinal stromal Tumor (GIST) may be benign or malignant

🔶 Feature: the presence of :-
-Spindle shaped cells (the arrow in the 1st picture) or Vacuoles which indicates cells with clear cytoplasm (the arrow in the 2nd picture)

⭕ Diagnosis: Lymphoma

🔶 Feature:
1-Lympho-Epithelial lesion, it contains clusters of lymphocytes (5 to 6) inside the epithelium of the glands.
2-Diffuse lymphocytes in the whole section.


Note: Lymphoma should be differentiated from chronic inflammation.
- In inflammation only one lymphocyte may present in the lesion with a lot of neutrophils.

⭕ Diagnosis: Lymphoma

🔶 Feature:
-Atypical lymphocytes with little cytoplasm (normally lymphocytes have no cytoplasm) arranged in a rossette pattern.
#معمل_باثو
#سلايدات

⭕ Normal small intestine

🔶 Feature: Villi (finger like projections used for absorption)

⭕ Large intestine (longitudinal and horizontal sections)

🔶 Feature: Crypts

⭕ Ganglion cells "found inside the nerve bundle"

🔶 Feature: Large cells with basophilic cytoplasm and eccentric nucleus. (Arrow)

⭕ Diagnosis: Crohn's Disease (CD)
It is an inflammation that includes all layers of the GIT (mucosa, submucosa, musclaris propria and serosa). It occurs mostly in the terminal ileum.

🔶 Feature:
-Not all Parts of the mucosa are affected, there are some skip lesions.
-liner ulcers (grooves) and normal mucosa in between the ulcers
-round ulcers

⭕ Diagnosis: Crohn's Disease
(gross and microscopic)
🔶 Feature:
-Fissuring
-The previously mentioned features

⭕ Diagnosis: Crohn's Disease

🔶 Feature:
-Cobblestone appearance:-
The grooves are the ulcerated parts in between them the normal parts (skip lesions).