Atelectasis ( adult aquired type )

Features :
Resorption
Compression
Contraction

Pulmonary odema
Features:
Normal alveolar wall
Accumulation of fluids in the alveolar space

Severe pulmonary odema

Features:
_ transudate in the alveolar lumen
_ dilated capillaries in the alveolar wall
_ thickened alveolar walls ( dilated capillaries and interstitial odema)

Diffuse alveolar damage:
Features:
_ death of epithelial cells
_ wall converted to hyaline membrane
_ inflammation of the wall and haemorrhage
_destruction of the alveolar wall
Lead to ARDS

Diffuse alveolar damage
Features:
_Remnants of alveoli are present
_Epithelial cells death
_wall converted to hyaline membrane
_inflammation of the wall and haemorrhage
_destruction of the alveolar

Emphysema

Features:
_ centriacinar ( dilated respiratory bronchioles)
_ panacinar (dilated alveolai)

Emphysema
Features:
Dilated alveoli
And thin walls without fibrosis

Asthma

c.f:
_hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the SMs.
_features of inflammation (odema ,neutrophils infiltarate and eosinophilic infiltrate in case of atopic asthma)
_hyperplasia of mucus glands

Bronchial asthma

Feature
Charcot laden crystals

Crushmann spiral in asthma

Chronic bronchitis

Features:
_features of inflammation ( edema in the submucosa , neutrophils infiltrate)
_ increased thickness of the wall
_ hyperplasia of the glands
_ normal smooth muscles

Bronchiectasis

Feature
Cavities filled with pus

Usual interstitial pneumonia ( UIP) or Non specific interstitial pneumonia (NIP)

Feature:
Features of inflammation ( no fibrosis : early in the inflammatory stage)

Usual interstitial pneumonia( UIP)

Features:
Sites of inflammation and sites of active fibroastic fossae ( specific feature of this disease)

Cryptogenic oranizing pneumonia ( COP)

Features:
Features of inflammation also fibrous tissue in the alveolar space ( fibroplastic plug) this is the characteristic feature

Pneumoconiosis

Features
Undigestable material surrounded by fibrosis and granuloma

Sarcoidosis

Features:
_Non casiating granuloma
_ asteroid bodies

Multinucleated gaint cell contain asteroid bodies Feature of Sarcoidosis

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis ( allergic alveolitis)

Features
Granuloma and inflammation of the alveolar wall

TB

Features:
Caseating granuloma

Diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage

Features:
The alveoli are filled with hemosidern laden macrophages ( called heart failure cells)