advantage – afzallik
disadvantage – kamchilik
benefit – foyda
effect – ta’sir
result – natija
reason – sabab
solution – yechim
problem – muammo
idea – g‘oya
opinion – fikr
example – misol
evidence – dalil
research – tadqiqot
study – o‘rganish
knowledge – bilim
skill – ko‘nikma
experience – tajriba
ability – qobiliyat
chance – imkoniyat
choice – tanlov
decision – qaror
growth – o‘sish
development – rivojlanish
improvement – yaxshilanish
increase – o‘sish
decrease – kamayish
success – muvaffaqiyat
failure – muvaffaqiyatsizlik
change – o‘zgarish
progress – taraqqiyot
environment – atrof-muhit
society – jamiyat
culture – madaniyat
tradition – an’ana
lifestyle – turmush tarzi
economy – iqtisod
industry – sanoat
company – kompaniya
business – biznes
product – mahsulot
service – xizmat
customer – mijoz
market – bozor
price – narx
demand – talab
supply – taklif
value – qiymat
quality – sifat
quantity – miqdor
level – daraja
📘 101–150 (Clothkits

fabric – mato
pattern – naqsh
garment – kiyim
sewing – tikish
design – dizayn
textile – to‘qimachilik
vintage – eski uslub
collect – yig‘moq
produce – ishlab chiqarmoq
manufacture – ishlab chiqarmoq
brand – brend
customer – mijoz
order – buyurtma
workforce – ishchilar
employ – ishga olmoq
company – kompaniya
supplier – ta’minotchi
market – bozor
sell – sotmoq
buy – sotib olmoq
create – yaratmoq
print – chop etmoq
instruction – ko‘rsatma
follow – amal qilmoq
simple – oddiy
complex – murakkab
unique – noyob
popular – mashhur
famous – taniqli
successful – muvaffaqiyatli
traditional – an’anaviy
modern – zamonaviy
creative – ijodiy
artistic – san’atga oid
alternative – muqobil
process – jarayon
production – ishlab chiqarish
industry – sanoat
design – loyihalash
innovation – yangilik
develop – rivojlantirmoq
expand – kengaytirmoq
improve – yaxshilamoq
reduce – kamaytirmoq
increase – oshirmoq
demand – talab
supply – ta’minot
trend – trend
style – uslub
fashion – moda

determination – qat’iyat
motivation – motivatsiya
inspiration – ilhom
passion – qiziqish
effort – harakat
challenge – qiyinchilik
opportunity – imkoniyat
responsibility – mas’uliyat
contribution – hissa
impact – ta’sir
influence – ta’sir qilmoq
awareness – xabardorlik
attitude – munosabat
behaviour – xulq-atvor
decision-making – qaror qabul qilish
leadership – yetakchilik
management – boshqaruv
strategy – strategiya
planning – rejalash
organization – tashkilot
communication – aloqa
cooperation – hamkorlik
competition – raqobat
advantage – ustunlik
disadvantage – kamchilik
benefit – foyda
drawback – minus
risk – xavf
safety – xavfsizlik
security – himoya
improvement – yaxshilanish
development – rivojlanish
progress – taraqqiyot
success – muvaffaqiyat
failure – muvaffaqiyatsizlik
solution – yechim
problem – muammo
reason – sabab
result – natija
effect – ta’sir
cause – sabab bo‘lmoq
increase – oshmoq
decrease – kamaymoq
growth – o‘sish
decline – pasayish
rise – ko‘tarilish
fall – tushish
achieve – erishmoq
reach – yetmoq
succeed – muvaffaqiyatga erishmoq

Success → Muvaffaqiyat
Hard work → Qattiq mehnat
Effort → Harakat
Goal / Aim → Maqsad
Dream → Orzu
Patience → Sabr
Time → Vaqt
Mindset → Fikrlash tarzi
Positive thinking → Ijobiy fikrlash
Negative thinking → Salbiy fikrlash
Opportunity → Imkoniyat
Challenge → Qiyinchilik / sinov
Failure → Muvaffaqiyatsizlik
Try again → Yana urinmoq
Give up → Taslim bo‘lmoq
Consistency → Doimiylik / muntazamlik
Progress → Rivojlanish / oldinga siljish POTGAS TARJIMASI

Motivation → Motivatsiya
Discipline → Intizom
Focus → Diqqat / e’tibor
Determination → Qat’iyat
Confidence → Ishonch (o‘ziga ishonch)
Skill → Ko‘nikma / malaka
Knowledge → Bilim
Experience → Tajriba
Improvement → Yaxshilanish
Effortless → Oson (harakatsiz)
Struggle → Qiyinchilik / kurash
Strength → Kuch
Weakness → Zaiflik
Opportunity cost → Yo‘qotilgan imkoniyat
Success story → Muvaffaqiyat hikoyasi

Future → Kelajak
Past → O‘tmish
Present → Hozirgi vaqt
Change → O‘zgarish
Improve → Yaxshilamoq
Develop → Rivojlantirmoq
Success mindset → Muvaffaqiyat fikrlash tarzi
Self-control → O‘zini boshqarish
Effort required → Harakat talab qilinadi
Stay strong → Kuchli bo‘lmoq / bardosh berish
Never quit → Hech qachon tashlamaslik
Keep going → Davom etish
Push yourself → O‘zingni majburlab harakat qilish
Learn → O‘rganmoq
Practice → Mashq qilmoq
Improve skills → Ko‘nikmalarni yaxshilash
Success journey → Muvaffaqiyat yo‘li
Life lesson → Hayotiy saboq
Hard situation → Qiyin vaziyat
Overcome → Yengib o‘tmoq

Plan → Reja
Planning → Rejalashtirish
Action → Harakat
Result → Natija
Success rate → Muvaffaqiyat darajasi
Habit → Odat
Good habit → Yaxshi odat
Bad habit → Yomon odat
Time management → Vaqtni boshqarish
Self-discipline → O‘zini boshqarish / intizom
Self-improvement → O‘zini rivojlantirish
Growth → O‘sish / rivojlanish
Effortful work → Mehnat talab qiladigan ish
Pressure → Bosim
Stress → Stress / asabiylik
Risk → Xavf
Decision → Qaror
Choice → Tanlov
Learn from mistakes → Xatolardan o‘rganish
Never stop → Hech qachon to‘xtamaslik

Vision → Vizyon / uzoq maqsad
Purpose → Maqsad / hayot mazmuni
Success path → Muvaffaqiyat yo‘li
Hardship → Og‘irlik / qiyinchilik
Struggle through → Qiyinchilikdan o‘tmoq
Stay focused → Diqqatni saqlamoq
Self-growth → Shaxsiy rivojlanish
Mental strength → Ruhiy kuch
Inner peace → Ichki xotirjamlik
Positive attitude → Ijobiy munosabat
Negative environment → Salbiy muhit
Surroundings → Atrof-muhit
Influence → Ta’sir
Self-motivation → O‘zini motivatsiya qilish
Goal oriented → Maqsadga yo‘naltirilgan
Discipline life → Intizomli hayot
Success habits → Muvaffaqiyat odatlari
Break limits → Chegaralarni buzmoq
Push limits → Imkoniyatlarni kengaytirmoq
Never settle → Hech qachon qoniqib qolmaslik

Ambition → Katta maqsad / orzu
Goal setting → Maqsad qo‘yish
Achievement → Yutuq
Dedication → O‘zini bag‘ishlash
Persistence → Qat’iyatlilik / davomiylik
Resilience → Bardoshlilik / tez tiklanish
Mind control → Fikrni boshqarish
Self-belief → O‘ziga ishonch
Focus on goal → Maqsadga e’tibor qaratish
Stay motivated → Motivatsiyani saqlash
Work ethic → Mehnat odobi
Consistency over time → Vaqt davomida muntazamlik
Small steps → Kichik qadamlar
Big results → Katta natijalar
Daily routine → Kundalik tartib
Productivity → Samaradorlik
Distraction → Chalg‘ituvchi narsa
Failure is lesson → Muvaffaqiyatsizlik saboq
Never stop learning → O‘rganishni to‘xtatmaslik
Keep improving → Doim yaxshilanish

though — garchi, bo‘lsa ham
of course — albatta
not — emas
impossible — imkonsiz
It — bu
is — dir / hisoblanadi
worth — arziydi
noting — ta’kidlash
that — ki
political — siyosiy
centralization — markazlashuv
is — hisoblanadi
key — kalit, asosiy omil
to — ga
both — har ikkala
ways — yo‘llar
in — da
which — qaysiki
growth — o‘sish
under — ostida
extractive — ekspluatatsion
political — siyosiy
institutions — institutlar
can — mumkin
occur — sodir bo‘lmoq
Without — siz
some — ma’lum bir
degree — daraja
of — ning
political — siyosiy
centralization — markazlashuv
the — o‘sha
planter — plantatsiya egasi
elite — elita
in — da
Barbados — Barbados
Cuba — Cuba
Haiti — Haiti
and — va
Jamaica — Jamaica
would — bo‘lardi
not — emas
have been able — qodir bo‘lmoq
to — ga
keep — saqlamoq
law — qonun
and — va
order — tartib
and — va
defend — himoya qilmoq
their — ularning
own — o‘z
assets — aktivlar
and — va
property — mulk
Without — siz
significant — sezilarli
political — siyosiy
centralization — markazlashuv
and — va
a — bir
firm — mustahkam
grip — nazorat
on — ustidan
political — siyosiy
power — hokimiyat
neither — na biri
the — o‘sha
South Korean — Janubiy Koreya
military — harbiy
elites — elitalar
nor — ham emas
the — o‘sha
Chinese — Xitoy
Communist — kommunistik
Party — partiya
would — bo‘lardi
have felt — his qilgan bo‘lardi
secure — xavfsiz
enough — yetarlicha
to — uchun
manufacture — yaratmoq
significant — muhim
economic — iqtisodiy
reforms — islohotlar
and — va
still — hali ham
manage — uddalamoq
to cling — yopishib turmoq
to power — hokimiyatga
state — davlat
Soviet Union — Soviet Union
coordinate — muvofiqlashtirmoq
economic activity — iqtisodiy faoliyat
channel — yo‘naltirmoq
resources — resurslar
toward — tomon
high productivity — yuqori unumdorlik
areas — hududlar
major — asosiy
dividing line — ajratuvchi chiziq
therefore — shuning uchun
degree — daraja
sub-Saharan Africa — Sahroi Kabirdan janubiy Afrika
difficult — qiyin
achieve — erishmoq
limited growth — cheklangan o‘sish
sustained — davomli
economic growth — iqtisodiy o‘sish
accompanied — birga kechadigan
creative destruction — ijodiy vayronkorlik
incentives — rag‘batlar
technological change — texnologik o‘zgarish
rapid — tez
allocating — taqsimlash
resources — resurslar
people — odamlar
by fiat — buyruq orqali
intrinsically — tabiatan
limited — cheklangan
military — harbiy
technologies — texnologiyalar
pull ahead — oldinga chiqmoq
United States — United States
space race — kosmik poyga
nuclear race — yadroviy poyga
broad-based — keng qamrovli
innovation — innovatsiya
sustainable — barqaror
abrupt end — keskin yakun
arrangements — tizimlar
support — qo‘llab-quvvatlamoq
fragile — mo‘rt
collapse — qulamoq
destroyed — yo‘q qilinmoq
infighting — ichki kurash
concentration — jamlanish
wealth — boylik
power — hokimiyat
hands — qo‘llar

narrow elite — tor doiradagi elita
another group — boshqa guruh
overwhelm — yengib chiqmoq
outmaneuver — ayyorlik bilan ustun kelmoq
take control — nazoratni egallamoq
state — davlat
enjoying — foydalanayotgan
wealth — boylik
power — hokimiyat
consequently — natijada
discussion — muhokama
collapse — qulash
later Roman Empire — keyingi Fall of the Western Roman Empire
Maya cities — Maya shaharlari
illustrate — ko‘rsatib bermoq
fighting — kurash
control — nazorat
all-powerful state — juda kuchli davlat
latent — yashirin
periodically — vaqti-vaqti bilan
intensify — kuchaymoq
undoing — barbod bo‘lish
regimes — rejimlar
civil war — fuqarolar urushi
total breakdown — to‘liq parchalanish
collapse of the state — davlatning qulashi
implication — natija
society — jamiyat
extractive institutions — ekspluatatsion institutlar
initially — dastlab
achieves — erishadi
degree — daraja
centralization — markazlashuv
will not last — uzoq davom etmaydi
infighting — ichki kurash
widespread lawlessness — keng tarqalgan qonunsizlik
enshrining — mustahkamlab qo‘yish
persistent absence — doimiy yo‘qlik
nations — davlatlar
sub-Saharan Africa — Sahroi Kabirdan janubiy Afrika
Latin America — Latin America
South Asia — South Asia
finally — nihoyat
growth — o‘sish
inclusive aspects — inklyuziv jihatlar
South Korea — South Korea
danger — xavf
economic institutions — iqtisodiy institutlar
become more extractive — yanada ekspluatatsion bo‘lib qolmoq
growth stops — o‘sish to‘xtaydi
controlling political power — siyosiy hokimiyatni boshqarayotganlar
eventually — oxir-oqibat
beneficial — foydali
limit competition — raqobatni cheklamoq
increase — oshirmoq
share of the pie — ulush
steal — o‘g‘irlamoq
loot — talon-taroj qilmoq
support economic progress — iqtisodiy taraqqiyotni qo‘llab-quvvatlamoq
distribution — taqsimlanish
ability — qobiliyat
exercise power — hokimiyatni amalga oshirmoq
ultimately — oxir-oqibat
undermine — zaiflashtirmoq
foundations — asoslar
economic prosperity — iqtisodiy farovonlik
unless — agar bo‘lmasa
transformed — o‘zgartirilgan
inclusive — inklyuziv

history — tarix
the world — dunyo
plague — vabo
created — yaratgan
bubonic plague — bubon vabosi
Black Death — Black Death
reached — yetib keldi
port city — port shahri
Tana — Tana
mouth of the River Don — Don daryosi quyilishi joyi
Black Sea — Black Sea
transmitted — yuqtirilgan
fleas — burgalar
rats — kalamushlar
traders — savdogarlar
traveling — sayohat qilayotgan
Silk Road — Silk Road
commercial artery — savdo yo‘li
thanks to — sababli
Genoese traders — Genuyalik savdogarlar
spreading — tarqatayotgan
entire Mediterranean — butun O‘rta Yer dengizi hududi
early 1347 — 1347-yil boshida
reached Constantinople — Konstantinopolga yetib bordi
Constantinople — Constantinople
spring — bahor
France — France
North Africa — North Africa
Italy — Italy
wiped out — yo‘q qilib yubordi
population — aholi
area — hudud
hit — zarar yetkazgan
arrival — kelishi
Italian city — Italiya shahri
Florence — Florence
witnessed firsthand — o‘z ko‘zi bilan guvoh bo‘lgan
Italian writer — italyan yozuvchisi
Giovanni Boccaccio — Giovanni Boccaccio
later recalled — keyinchalik eslagan
face of its onrush — uning tez tarqalishi qarshisida
wisdom — donolik
ingenuity — zukkolik
unavailing — foydasiz
terrifying — dahshatli
extraordinary manner — noodatiy tarz
disastrous effects — halokatli ta’sirlar
apparent — aniq ko‘rinadigan
assumed — ega bo‘lgan
East — Sharq
bled from the nose — burnidan qon ketgan
obvious portent — aniq belgi
certain death — muqarrar o‘lim
earliest symptom — eng birinchi alomat
appearance — paydo bo‘lishi
swellings — shishlar
groin — son oralig‘i
armpit — qo‘ltiq
egg-shaped — tuxumsimon
roughly — taxminan
common apple — oddiy olma
symptoms — alomatlar
disease — kasallik
dark blotches — qora dog‘lar
bruises — ko‘karishlar
arms — qo‘llar
thighs — sonlar
bodies — tanalar
maladies — kasalliklar
advice — maslahat

physicians — shifokorlar
power of medicine — tibbiyot kuchi
profitless — foydasiz
unavailing — samarasiz
death occurred — o‘lim yuz berdi
within three days — uch kun ichida
appearance — paydo bo‘lishi
symptoms — alomatlar
described — tasvirlangan
England — England
well aware — yaxshi bilgan
impending doom — yaqinlashayotgan halokat
King Edward III — Edward III
Archbishop of Canterbury — Archbishop of Canterbury
organize prayers — ibodatlarni tashkil qilmoq
bishops — yepiskoplar
priests — ruhoniylar
church — cherkov
cope with — bardosh bermoq
Ralph of Shrewsbury — Ralph of Shrewsbury
Almighty God — Qudratli Xudo
thunder — momaqaldiroq
lightning — chaqmoq
blows — zarbalar
throne — taxt
scourge — jazolamoq
redeem — qutqarmoq
catastrophic pestilence — halokatli vabo
neighboring kingdom — qo‘shni qirollik
feared — qo‘rqilgan
devoutly — chin dildan
incessantly — tinimsiz
poisonous branches — zaharli shoxlar
realm — qirollik hududi
strike down — yiqitmoq
consume — yo‘q qilmoq
inhabitants — aholi
confession — tavba
reciting psalms — zaburlarni o‘qish
quickly wiped out — tezda yo‘q qilib yubordi
English population — ingliz aholisi
catastrophes — falokatlar
huge effect — katta ta’sir
institutions of society — jamiyat institutlari
scores of people — juda ko‘p odamlar
went mad — aqldan ozdi
maintained — ta’kidlagan
infallible way — xatosiz usul
warding off — qaytarish
appalling evil — dahshatli yovuzlik
drink heavily — ko‘p ichmoq
enjoy life to the full — hayotdan to‘liq zavqlanmoq
singing — qo‘shiq aytish
merrymaking — xursandchilik
gratify cravings — istaklarni qondirmoq
shrug off — e’tibor bermaslik
enormous joke — katta hazil
women — ayollar
recovered — sog‘aygan
less chaste — kamroq iffatli
socially transformative — ijtimoiy o‘zgaruvchan
economically transformative — iqtisodiy o‘zgaruvchan
politically transformative — siyosiy o‘zgaruvchan
medieval European societies — o‘rta asr Yevropa jamiyatlari
turn of the fourteenth century — XIV asr boshlarida
feudal order — feodal tuzum
organization of society — jamiyat tuzilishi
emerged — paydo bo‘lgan
Western Europe — Western Europe
collapse of the Roman Empire — Fall of the Western Roman Empire
hierarchical relationship — ierarxik munosabat
king — qirol
lords — lordlar

peasants — dehqonlar

at the bottom — eng pastda

king — qirol

owned the land — yerga egalik qilgan

granted — bergan

lords — lordlar

in exchange for — evaziga

military services — harbiy xizmatlar

allocated land — yer ajratgan

peasants — dehqonlar

perform — bajarmoq

extensive unpaid labor — katta hajmdagi tekin mehnat

subject to — bo‘ysungan

fines — jarimalar

taxes — soliqlar

servile status — qaram maqom

serfs — krepostnoy dehqonlar

tied to the land — yerga bog‘langan

unable to move — ko‘cha olmaydigan

permission — ruxsat

landlord — yer egasi

judge — sudya

jury — hakamlar hay’ati

police force — politsiya kuchi

highly extractive system — juda ekspluatatsion tizim

wealth flowing upward — boylikning yuqoriga oqishi

few lords — oz sonli lordlar

massive scarcity of labor — katta ishchi kuchi tanqisligi

plague — Black Death

shook the foundations — asoslarini larzaga soldi

feudal order — feodal tuzum

encouraged — undadi

demand — talab qilmoq

Eynsham Abbey — Eynsham Abbey

reduced — kamaytirilgan

contract — shartnoma

mortality — o‘lim darajasi

pestilence — vabo

tenants — ijarachilar

manor — yer mulki

intention — niyat

abbot — abbat

agreement — kelishuv

happened everywhere — hamma joyda sodir bo‘ldi

free themselves — o‘zlarini ozod qilmoq

compulsory labor services — majburiy mehnat xizmatlari

obligations — majburiyatlar

wages — ish haqi

rise — oshmoq

government — hukumat

put a stop to — to‘xtatmoq

passed — qabul qilgan

Statute of Laborers — Statute of Labourers

great part — katta qism

workmen — ishchilar

servants — xizmatkorlar

pestilence — vabo

straights — qiyinchiliklar

scarcity — tanqislik

excessive wages — haddan tashqari yuqori ish haqi

grave inconveniences — jiddiy muammolar

lack — yetishmovchilik

ploughmen — yer haydovchilar

labourers — ishchilar

ordain — buyurmoq

bound to serve — xizmat qilishga majbur

wages — maosh

liveries — kiyim-kechak ta’minoti

meed — mukofot

salary — oylik

accustomed — odatdagi

reign — hukmronlik davri

throne — taxt

preceding — oldingi

statute — qonun

in effect — amalda

tried to fix — belgilab qo‘yishga urindi

wages — ish haqi

levels — darajalar

Black Death — Black Death

concerning — tashvishli

English elite — ingliz elitasi

enticement — jalb qilish

attract — jalb qilmoq

scarce peasants — kam sonli dehqonlar

solution — yechim

prison — qamoqxona

punishment — jazo

leaving employment — ishni tark etish

permission — ruxsat

employer — ish beruvchi

reaper — o‘roqchi

mower — o‘t o‘ruvchi

workman — ishchi

servant — xizmatkor

standing — maqom

condition — holat

retained — yollangan

depart — tark etmoq

term agreed — kelishilgan muddat

reasonable cause — asosli sabab

undergo — boshdan kechirmoq

penalty of imprisonment — qamoq jazosi

permit — ruxsat bermoq

livery — xizmat kiyimi

meed — mukofot

salary — oylik

customary — odatiy

attempt — urinish

state — davlat

changes of institutions — institutlardagi o‘zgarishlar

wake of — ortidan

didn’t work — ish bermadi

Peasants’ Revolt — Peasants' Revolt

rebels — isyonchilar

leadership — rahbarlik

Wat Tyler — Wat Tyler

captured — egallab oldi

London — London

ultimately defeated — oxir-oqibat mag‘lub bo‘ldi

executed — qatl qilindi

enforce — majburan amalga oshirmoq

feudal labor services — feodal mehnat xizmatlari

dwindled away — asta-sekin yo‘qoldi

inclusive labor market — inklyuziv mehnat bozori

emerge — paydo bo‘lmoq

demographic impact — demografik ta’sir

Eastern Europe — Eastern Europe

Western Europe — Western Europe

social and economic forces — ijtimoiy va iqtisodiy kuchlar

at play — ta’sir ko‘rsatayotgan

labor was scarce — ishchi kuchi kam edi

demanded greater freedoms — ko‘proq erkinlik talab qildi

contradictory logic — qarama-qarshi mantiq

inclusive labor market — inklyuziv mehnat bozori

greater incentive — kuchliroq rag‘bat

keep extractive — ekspluatatsion holda saqlamoq

servile — qaram

reflected — aks etgan

workers — ishchilar

sufficient power — yetarli kuch

got their way — istagiga erishdi

Eastern landlords — Sharqiy yer egalari

take over — egallab olmoq

large tracts of land — katta yer maydonlari

expand holdings — mulklarini kengaytirmoq

towns — shaharlar

weaker — zaifroq

populous — aholi ko‘p

becoming freer — erkinroq bo‘lish

workers began to see — ishchilar ko‘ra boshladi

Dmitry Bivol is a professional boxer from Russia 🇷🇺. He was born on December 18, 1990, in Tokmok, Kyrgyzstan 🇰🇬. He competes in the light heavyweight division and is known for his excellent technique 🥊, speed ⚡, and defense 🛡️.

Bivol started boxing at the age of six and became a successful amateur boxer before turning professional in 2014. One of the biggest achievements of his career was defeating Canelo Álvarez in 2022 🏆.

Today, Dmitry Bivol is considered one of the best light heavyweight boxers in the world 🌍. His success comes from hard work 💪, discipline, and strong boxing skills 🥊.

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“Everyone keeps asking me for a comeback. Do I look like I’ve come back? 🤷‍♂️🔄❓”

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