#5 World Englishes: New Zealand English
❗️ Around 4 million people speak English as their mother tongue in New Zealand. We call them “Kiwis”, after the birds that can’t fly. Hearing New Zealanders speak, we often think it’s British English but there are some differences, and Kiwis speak a little more like “Aussies” (Australians). Let’s take a closer look!
🔘 Pronunciation: The short [e] sound often sounds like a long French [é] as in “Café”, e.g. “spécial”, “béd”, “expénsive”, “égg”.
🔘 Grammar: Kiwis can add “as” behind adjectives or “ow” behind statements for emphasis.
🔘 Vocabulary: Like their Aussie brothers and sisters, Kiwis may say “yeah nah” for “no” and “nah yeah” for “yes”; “in the wop-wops” means “in the middle of nowhere” (which is most of NZ).
▶️ Check out what it sounds like:
⛓ A tutorial
👉@afandi_english👈 #world_englishes
❗️ Around 4 million people speak English as their mother tongue in New Zealand. We call them “Kiwis”, after the birds that can’t fly. Hearing New Zealanders speak, we often think it’s British English but there are some differences, and Kiwis speak a little more like “Aussies” (Australians). Let’s take a closer look!
🔘 Pronunciation: The short [e] sound often sounds like a long French [é] as in “Café”, e.g. “spécial”, “béd”, “expénsive”, “égg”.
🔘 Grammar: Kiwis can add “as” behind adjectives or “ow” behind statements for emphasis.
🔘 Vocabulary: Like their Aussie brothers and sisters, Kiwis may say “yeah nah” for “no” and “nah yeah” for “yes”; “in the wop-wops” means “in the middle of nowhere” (which is most of NZ).
▶️ Check out what it sounds like:
⛓ A tutorial
👉@afandi_english👈 #world_englishes
#6 World Englishes: Dubai English
❗️ Dubai English isn’t really one particular kind of English. It is rather an easy and basic (some would even say “broken”) kind of English with maximum tolerance for difference. As more than 80% of Dubai residents are foreigners, some of the accents heard most in Dubai include Indian English, Arab English and Philippine English.
🔘 Pronunciation: There’s a lot of trilled “r” pronunciation and in Dubai that’s perfectly acceptable.
🔘 Grammar & Vocabulary: Usually very easy and understandable; avoiding idioms that may not be understood by people from other countries.
👉@afandi_english👈 #world_englishes
❗️ Dubai English isn’t really one particular kind of English. It is rather an easy and basic (some would even say “broken”) kind of English with maximum tolerance for difference. As more than 80% of Dubai residents are foreigners, some of the accents heard most in Dubai include Indian English, Arab English and Philippine English.
🔘 Pronunciation: There’s a lot of trilled “r” pronunciation and in Dubai that’s perfectly acceptable.
🔘 Grammar & Vocabulary: Usually very easy and understandable; avoiding idioms that may not be understood by people from other countries.
👉@afandi_english👈 #world_englishes
#7 World Englishes: Southern US English
❗️ People in the Southern United States (Texas, Louisiana, Georgia, etc.) not only have their own accent, they also have their own history.
🔘 Pronunciation: Southerners often make vowels longer and sound like two vowels; “red” may sound like reyd. But some vowels are also shortened, like “my” sounding closer to ma. Some words are also stressed differently, e.g. GUItar and POlice.
🔘 Grammar: They may skip some modal verbs, like I done it or You seen her? Some past forms are also non-standard, like knowed or choosed. Double negatives, like Ain’t got no time for this are also common.
🔘 Vocabulary: A famous southern greeting is Howdy!; for the plural “you” Southerners may use y’all; finally, ain’t is used as negative for any present form of ‘to be’ or ‘to have’.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_American_English
▶️ Check out what it sounds like:
⛓ About a Chinese cowboy with a Southern accent
👉@afandi_english👈 #world_englishes
❗️ People in the Southern United States (Texas, Louisiana, Georgia, etc.) not only have their own accent, they also have their own history.
🔘 Pronunciation: Southerners often make vowels longer and sound like two vowels; “red” may sound like reyd. But some vowels are also shortened, like “my” sounding closer to ma. Some words are also stressed differently, e.g. GUItar and POlice.
🔘 Grammar: They may skip some modal verbs, like I done it or You seen her? Some past forms are also non-standard, like knowed or choosed. Double negatives, like Ain’t got no time for this are also common.
🔘 Vocabulary: A famous southern greeting is Howdy!; for the plural “you” Southerners may use y’all; finally, ain’t is used as negative for any present form of ‘to be’ or ‘to have’.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_American_English
▶️ Check out what it sounds like:
⛓ About a Chinese cowboy with a Southern accent
👉@afandi_english👈 #world_englishes
#8 World Englishes: West African Pidgin English
❗️ About 75 million people in West Africa speak Pidgin – a mixed language that is made up of English and local African languages. It is mainly spoken in Africa’s most populous country Nigeria but also in Ghana and Cameroon. Pidgin is so big now that the BBC even started a Pidgin news service.
🔘 Pronunciation: The English [th] sounds are changed to [d] and [t], “this thing” is pronounced like dis ting; the letter “a” is often pronounced as a straight [a] or [e] rather than [ə] or [eɪ], e.g. “Africa” is [afrika] and not [æfrɪkə]; like in Black American English “ask” is pronounced [aks].
🔘 Grammar: Dey is a present tense marker, e.g. “I go” becomes A dey go; the English auxiliary "have" is don.
🔘 Vocabulary: “eat” and “food” are both chop; the question tag “…, isn’t it?” is abi?; "you guys" is una.
▶️Check out what it sounds like:
⛓ About the BBC in Pidgin
⛓ About an English lady speaking Pidgin
👉@afandi_english👈 #world_englishes
❗️ About 75 million people in West Africa speak Pidgin – a mixed language that is made up of English and local African languages. It is mainly spoken in Africa’s most populous country Nigeria but also in Ghana and Cameroon. Pidgin is so big now that the BBC even started a Pidgin news service.
🔘 Pronunciation: The English [th] sounds are changed to [d] and [t], “this thing” is pronounced like dis ting; the letter “a” is often pronounced as a straight [a] or [e] rather than [ə] or [eɪ], e.g. “Africa” is [afrika] and not [æfrɪkə]; like in Black American English “ask” is pronounced [aks].
🔘 Grammar: Dey is a present tense marker, e.g. “I go” becomes A dey go; the English auxiliary "have" is don.
🔘 Vocabulary: “eat” and “food” are both chop; the question tag “…, isn’t it?” is abi?; "you guys" is una.
▶️Check out what it sounds like:
⛓ About the BBC in Pidgin
⛓ About an English lady speaking Pidgin
👉@afandi_english👈 #world_englishes
#9 World Englishes: Indian English
❗️ 12-30% of Indians are fluent in English. That may not seem much but given India’s huge population, the number of speakers is 200 to 400 million, similar to the US. Indians are only going to speak Indian English to you, so better learn to understand!
🔘 Pronunciation: [t] and [d] sounds are retroflex, the tongue is curbed upwards and moves forward; the ‘th’ sounds [ð] and [θ] are replaced with [d] and [t], the [r] is trilled and the double vowels [eɪ] or [ou] are long single vowels [e:] and [o:].
🔘 Grammar: The ‘-ing’ form is used even for verbs like “know” and “understand”.
🔘 Vocabulary: “Less” can be an adjective (“My money is very less”) and there are double comparatives like “more better”; big numbers are different – 100 thousand is 1 lakh and 10 million is 1 crore; “yar” is the informal question tag “isn’t it?”.
▶️ Check out what it sounds like:
⛓ Serious
⛓ Funny
👉@afandi_english👈 #world_englishes
❗️ 12-30% of Indians are fluent in English. That may not seem much but given India’s huge population, the number of speakers is 200 to 400 million, similar to the US. Indians are only going to speak Indian English to you, so better learn to understand!
🔘 Pronunciation: [t] and [d] sounds are retroflex, the tongue is curbed upwards and moves forward; the ‘th’ sounds [ð] and [θ] are replaced with [d] and [t], the [r] is trilled and the double vowels [eɪ] or [ou] are long single vowels [e:] and [o:].
🔘 Grammar: The ‘-ing’ form is used even for verbs like “know” and “understand”.
🔘 Vocabulary: “Less” can be an adjective (“My money is very less”) and there are double comparatives like “more better”; big numbers are different – 100 thousand is 1 lakh and 10 million is 1 crore; “yar” is the informal question tag “isn’t it?”.
▶️ Check out what it sounds like:
⛓ Serious
⛓ Funny
👉@afandi_english👈 #world_englishes
#10 World Englishes: Irish English
❗️ As an island with a population of 6.6 million, Ireland isn’t a very crowded place. Nonetheless, the Irish accent has fans around the world, as does Irish beer!
🔘 Pronunciation: Unlike British English, every ‘r’ is pronounced; some vowels are changed – aɪ as in “Ireland” becomes a short ɔɪ, aʊ as in “brown cow” becomes eʊ, əʊ as in “goat” becomes a long o:, ʌ as in “Dublin” becomes ʊ.
🔘 Grammar: Like in Uzbek, no plural is used after numbers in measurements, e.g. 5 minute, not 5 minutes; they also often add tags to the end of sentences, e.g. It’s raining, so it is.
🔘 Vocabulary: What’s the story? or just Story? means What’s going on?; What’s the crack? means Any news?; a common expression of surprise in Catholic Ireland is Jesus Christ, Mary and Joseph!
▶️ Check out what it sounds like:
⛓ A tutorial
⛓ In real life
👉@afandi_english👈 #world_englishes
❗️ As an island with a population of 6.6 million, Ireland isn’t a very crowded place. Nonetheless, the Irish accent has fans around the world, as does Irish beer!
🔘 Pronunciation: Unlike British English, every ‘r’ is pronounced; some vowels are changed – aɪ as in “Ireland” becomes a short ɔɪ, aʊ as in “brown cow” becomes eʊ, əʊ as in “goat” becomes a long o:, ʌ as in “Dublin” becomes ʊ.
🔘 Grammar: Like in Uzbek, no plural is used after numbers in measurements, e.g. 5 minute, not 5 minutes; they also often add tags to the end of sentences, e.g. It’s raining, so it is.
🔘 Vocabulary: What’s the story? or just Story? means What’s going on?; What’s the crack? means Any news?; a common expression of surprise in Catholic Ireland is Jesus Christ, Mary and Joseph!
▶️ Check out what it sounds like:
⛓ A tutorial
⛓ In real life
👉@afandi_english👈 #world_englishes
#11 World Englishes: Pinoy English
❗️ Philppine, or informally “Pinoy”, English is a mixture of influences from the country’s history as first a Spanish and then an American colony, plus local languages and the national language Tagalog. English is big in the Philippines and lots of Filipinos work abroad, so you there’s a good chance you will hear this accent sooner or later!
🔘 Pronunciation: The [f] sound is pronounced as [p] and [v] is pronounced as [b]. The ‘th’ sounds are pronounced as [d] and [t]. The [r] is either trilled (‘rrr’) or made very American.
🔘 Vocabulary: Filipinos often confuse he and she and they have some expressions that may confuse us, e.g. comfort room or just CR means toilet, Go ahead! means See you later!, tasty means bread and open / close the light means turn on/off the light.
▶️ Check out what it sounds like:
⛓ A tutorial
⛓ In real life
👉@afandi_english👈 #world_englishes
❗️ Philppine, or informally “Pinoy”, English is a mixture of influences from the country’s history as first a Spanish and then an American colony, plus local languages and the national language Tagalog. English is big in the Philippines and lots of Filipinos work abroad, so you there’s a good chance you will hear this accent sooner or later!
🔘 Pronunciation: The [f] sound is pronounced as [p] and [v] is pronounced as [b]. The ‘th’ sounds are pronounced as [d] and [t]. The [r] is either trilled (‘rrr’) or made very American.
🔘 Vocabulary: Filipinos often confuse he and she and they have some expressions that may confuse us, e.g. comfort room or just CR means toilet, Go ahead! means See you later!, tasty means bread and open / close the light means turn on/off the light.
▶️ Check out what it sounds like:
⛓ A tutorial
⛓ In real life
👉@afandi_english👈 #world_englishes
#12 World Englishes: Euro English
❗️ Europe with its 500+ million inhabitants (excluding Russia) is a multilingual continent. Most of its countries are in the European Union and the EU has 23 working languages. Many Europeans speak several languages but English is still usually the first foreign language. It is no surprise then that Europeans tend to use English wherever they go in Europe.
🔘 Pronunciation: The sound of Euro English varies a lot depending on a speaker’s mother tongue.
🔘 Grammar: European languages share a lot of similarities, so Euro English speakers are quite good with this.
🔘 Vocabulary: French, Italian and Spanish speakers often use high-level vocabulary as they share these words with English. A French speaker might say something like I’m fatigued rather than I’m tired because fatigue is a normal word in French but a high-level word in English.
▶️ Check out what it’s like:
⛓ About English in the EU
👉@afandi_english👈 #world_englishes
❗️ Europe with its 500+ million inhabitants (excluding Russia) is a multilingual continent. Most of its countries are in the European Union and the EU has 23 working languages. Many Europeans speak several languages but English is still usually the first foreign language. It is no surprise then that Europeans tend to use English wherever they go in Europe.
🔘 Pronunciation: The sound of Euro English varies a lot depending on a speaker’s mother tongue.
🔘 Grammar: European languages share a lot of similarities, so Euro English speakers are quite good with this.
🔘 Vocabulary: French, Italian and Spanish speakers often use high-level vocabulary as they share these words with English. A French speaker might say something like I’m fatigued rather than I’m tired because fatigue is a normal word in French but a high-level word in English.
▶️ Check out what it’s like:
⛓ About English in the EU
👉@afandi_english👈 #world_englishes
#13 World Englishes: Japanglish
❗️ Japanese English is called both “Japanglish” and “Engrish”. You can see English everywhere in Japan but it doesn’t mean Japan’s 125 million people all speak it. Nevertheless Japan is a big player in international business and it’s good to be familiar with Japanglish.
🔘 Pronunciation: The English [L] can be [r], therefore the name “Engrish”. The English [v] may sound like [b]. Syllables in Japanese end in a vowel, so “screwdriver” becomes “sukurudiraiva”.
🔘 Grammar: Japanese word order is very different from English and the subject may be skipped. There are also no articles in Japanese. All this may be heard when Japanese speak English.
🔘 Vocabulary: There are many English words in Japanese, but they don’t always mean the same. Check jpninfo.com/30257 for a good collection.
▶️ Check out what it sounds like:
⛓ Japanese pronouncing English words
⛓ A song about Japanglish
👉@afandi_english👈 #world_englishes
❗️ Japanese English is called both “Japanglish” and “Engrish”. You can see English everywhere in Japan but it doesn’t mean Japan’s 125 million people all speak it. Nevertheless Japan is a big player in international business and it’s good to be familiar with Japanglish.
🔘 Pronunciation: The English [L] can be [r], therefore the name “Engrish”. The English [v] may sound like [b]. Syllables in Japanese end in a vowel, so “screwdriver” becomes “sukurudiraiva”.
🔘 Grammar: Japanese word order is very different from English and the subject may be skipped. There are also no articles in Japanese. All this may be heard when Japanese speak English.
🔘 Vocabulary: There are many English words in Japanese, but they don’t always mean the same. Check jpninfo.com/30257 for a good collection.
▶️ Check out what it sounds like:
⛓ Japanese pronouncing English words
⛓ A song about Japanglish
👉@afandi_english👈 #world_englishes
#15 World Englishes: South African English
❗️ South Africa is the the most developed country in Africa and usually also considered an English-speaking country for its history as a British settlers colony. That said, it’s of course closer to British than American English, but it’s also got some special features. There isn’t just one single South African English but a bunch of ethnic and local varieties, and only 10% speak English at home.
🔘 Pronunciation: Similar to Australian and New Zealand English, the short e as in “better” is often sounds more like the French é; the ɜ: as in “girl” is also much more rounded, like the Turkish ö; 3) and the æ as in “apple” is pronounced like a straight e.
🔘 Vocabulary: “Ach!” comes from Dutch and just means “Oh!”, just like “domkop” for “idiot”; curiously, traffic lights are commonly called “robots”, “just now” doesn’t refer to something that just happened but means “later” and “now now” means “shortly” or “right away”.
👉@afandi_english👈 #world_englishes
❗️ South Africa is the the most developed country in Africa and usually also considered an English-speaking country for its history as a British settlers colony. That said, it’s of course closer to British than American English, but it’s also got some special features. There isn’t just one single South African English but a bunch of ethnic and local varieties, and only 10% speak English at home.
🔘 Pronunciation: Similar to Australian and New Zealand English, the short e as in “better” is often sounds more like the French é; the ɜ: as in “girl” is also much more rounded, like the Turkish ö; 3) and the æ as in “apple” is pronounced like a straight e.
🔘 Vocabulary: “Ach!” comes from Dutch and just means “Oh!”, just like “domkop” for “idiot”; curiously, traffic lights are commonly called “robots”, “just now” doesn’t refer to something that just happened but means “later” and “now now” means “shortly” or “right away”.
👉@afandi_english👈 #world_englishes
#16 World Englishes: New York English
❗️ Known as Big Apple and The City That Never Sleeps, New York with its over 8 million inhabitants has it’s own dialect. It is in fact one of the more recognisable dialects in North America. Inside New York City there exist sociolects (rich and educated vs poor and uneducated) as well as ethnolects (Italian, Jewish, Hispanic, Black, etc). Unfortunately, the dialect is slowly dying out as the population is more mixed now.
🔘 Pronunciation: Unlike General American, New Yorkers sound almost British when they drop the [r] before vowels and pronounce the name of their city as “Noo Yawk”; they also have a special way of pronouncing the [ɔ] vowel, as in “talk” and “coffee”, making them sound like “twalk” and “kwoffee”. Watch the video below for a clever analysis of a politician from NY.
🔘 Vocabulary: There are lots of slang words that only New Yorkers understand. Some of them became wider American slang; for a list check out the link below.
👉@afandi_english👈 #world_englishes
❗️ Known as Big Apple and The City That Never Sleeps, New York with its over 8 million inhabitants has it’s own dialect. It is in fact one of the more recognisable dialects in North America. Inside New York City there exist sociolects (rich and educated vs poor and uneducated) as well as ethnolects (Italian, Jewish, Hispanic, Black, etc). Unfortunately, the dialect is slowly dying out as the population is more mixed now.
🔘 Pronunciation: Unlike General American, New Yorkers sound almost British when they drop the [r] before vowels and pronounce the name of their city as “Noo Yawk”; they also have a special way of pronouncing the [ɔ] vowel, as in “talk” and “coffee”, making them sound like “twalk” and “kwoffee”. Watch the video below for a clever analysis of a politician from NY.
🔘 Vocabulary: There are lots of slang words that only New Yorkers understand. Some of them became wider American slang; for a list check out the link below.
👉@afandi_english👈 #world_englishes
#17 World Englishes: Received Pronunciation
❗️ Received Pronunciation or also just called RP is Standard British English. Other names of it are Oxford English and BBC English. It does not have any grammatical or lexical features and is historically based on the London accent of English but now used by anyone in England. But some people are against it, saying that RP sounds arrogant and not local enough. Nowadays local dialects are more accepted in society, even on the BBC.
🔘 Pronunciation: Most noticeable is probably the missing r pronunciation in words like “car” or “heard”. However, an r may be added between words in vowel linking where there is no written “r”, e.g. “the law ͜ r ͜ of nature”. The clear t sound in “water” and “butter” is thought to be a sign of RP. Generally RP speakers try to speak clearly at all times.
👉@afandi_english👈 #world_englishes
❗️ Received Pronunciation or also just called RP is Standard British English. Other names of it are Oxford English and BBC English. It does not have any grammatical or lexical features and is historically based on the London accent of English but now used by anyone in England. But some people are against it, saying that RP sounds arrogant and not local enough. Nowadays local dialects are more accepted in society, even on the BBC.
🔘 Pronunciation: Most noticeable is probably the missing r pronunciation in words like “car” or “heard”. However, an r may be added between words in vowel linking where there is no written “r”, e.g. “the law ͜ r ͜ of nature”. The clear t sound in “water” and “butter” is thought to be a sign of RP. Generally RP speakers try to speak clearly at all times.
👉@afandi_english👈 #world_englishes
#18 World Englishes: Australian English
❗️ The 25 million people that inhabit (=live in) Australia are affectionately (=in a loving or friendly way) called “Aussies” ['ɒzi:z] by non-Australians. Their accent is similar to British English, especially among educated speakers.
🔘 Pronunciation: Aussie English is non-rhotic, meaning that the letter r is not pronounced after vowels – “car” is pronounced as [ka:]. The British [æ] sound (“apple”) is pronounced like a long e:, the short e sounds like a French é (“café”), and the double vowel [aʊ] (“cow”) becomes a triple vowel [eaʊ].
🔘 Grammar: As in parts of Britain, the possessive my can become me, e.g. “Where’s me umbrella?”
🔘 Vocabulary: Besides the greeting Good Day, Aussies really love shortening words, as you can see in the video below. Some of these have become fashionable elsewhere too, especially defo for definitely. Popular words include mate (AmE “buddy”) and bloke (AmE “guy”).
👉@afandi_english👈 #world_englishes
❗️ The 25 million people that inhabit (=live in) Australia are affectionately (=in a loving or friendly way) called “Aussies” ['ɒzi:z] by non-Australians. Their accent is similar to British English, especially among educated speakers.
🔘 Pronunciation: Aussie English is non-rhotic, meaning that the letter r is not pronounced after vowels – “car” is pronounced as [ka:]. The British [æ] sound (“apple”) is pronounced like a long e:, the short e sounds like a French é (“café”), and the double vowel [aʊ] (“cow”) becomes a triple vowel [eaʊ].
🔘 Grammar: As in parts of Britain, the possessive my can become me, e.g. “Where’s me umbrella?”
🔘 Vocabulary: Besides the greeting Good Day, Aussies really love shortening words, as you can see in the video below. Some of these have become fashionable elsewhere too, especially defo for definitely. Popular words include mate (AmE “buddy”) and bloke (AmE “guy”).
👉@afandi_english👈 #world_englishes
#19 World Englishes: Cockney
❗️ The Cockney accent of English originated in East London where most people were poor. Cockney speakers used to be discriminated for their accent but that has changed. Nowadays it’s cool to speak Cockney, and this accent has had a big influence on Standard British English, especially ‘street language’.
🔘 Pronunciation: Very noticeable is the “glottal stop” – not pronouncing the [t] in the middle and end of words, e.g. button becomes bu’on; the schwa sound [ə] at the end of words is a straight [a:]; the [h] in the beginning of words is skipped and the ‘th’ sounds are [f] and [v] – brother sounds more like bruvva.
🔘 Grammar: My is me, e.g. Me dad’s car and there are double negatives, like I don’t know nothing.
🔘 Vocabulary: Beautiful or handsome are both fit, money is dosh or dough, and girlfriend is missus.
👉@afandi_english👈 #world_englishes
❗️ The Cockney accent of English originated in East London where most people were poor. Cockney speakers used to be discriminated for their accent but that has changed. Nowadays it’s cool to speak Cockney, and this accent has had a big influence on Standard British English, especially ‘street language’.
🔘 Pronunciation: Very noticeable is the “glottal stop” – not pronouncing the [t] in the middle and end of words, e.g. button becomes bu’on; the schwa sound [ə] at the end of words is a straight [a:]; the [h] in the beginning of words is skipped and the ‘th’ sounds are [f] and [v] – brother sounds more like bruvva.
🔘 Grammar: My is me, e.g. Me dad’s car and there are double negatives, like I don’t know nothing.
🔘 Vocabulary: Beautiful or handsome are both fit, money is dosh or dough, and girlfriend is missus.
👉@afandi_english👈 #world_englishes
#20 World Englishes: German English
❗️ German speakers come from Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Many of them know English quite well and travel the world, both for business and tourism. So there is a chance that you will hear them or even talk to them at some point in your life!
🔘 Pronunciation: Like so many people on Earth, German speakers may struggle with the English ‘th’ sounds. They also tend to over-pronounce the [ɜ:] sound as in girl. Consonants in the end position are always hard in German, so dog may become dock and god may sound like got. [w] may be turned into [v]. German speakers are also bad with linking between words.
🔘 Grammar: Tenses are less complicated in German, so expect some trouble here.
🔘 Vocabulary: The word already and can be overused they use or as a tag question, e.g. You are already ready, or? Besides, there is often confusion with similar words that have different meanings, like become and bekommen (to get).
👉@afandi_english👈 #world_englishes
❗️ German speakers come from Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Many of them know English quite well and travel the world, both for business and tourism. So there is a chance that you will hear them or even talk to them at some point in your life!
🔘 Pronunciation: Like so many people on Earth, German speakers may struggle with the English ‘th’ sounds. They also tend to over-pronounce the [ɜ:] sound as in girl. Consonants in the end position are always hard in German, so dog may become dock and god may sound like got. [w] may be turned into [v]. German speakers are also bad with linking between words.
🔘 Grammar: Tenses are less complicated in German, so expect some trouble here.
🔘 Vocabulary: The word already and can be overused they use or as a tag question, e.g. You are already ready, or? Besides, there is often confusion with similar words that have different meanings, like become and bekommen (to get).
👉@afandi_english👈 #world_englishes