We shall cover today the theme of Climatology.
Class 7: Chapter 4- Air
Class 11: Chapter 8,9,10,11,12.
CH 8: Composition & Structure of Atmosphere
CH 9: Solar Radiation, Heat Balance & Temperature
CH 10: Atmospheric Circulation & Weather systems
CH-11
CH-12
6:00 PM
https://youtu.be/33XhzTdYCAc?si=TmGjqRdT3oo6mPzO
Class 7: Chapter 4- Air
Class 11: Chapter 8,9,10,11,12.
CH 8: Composition & Structure of Atmosphere
CH 9: Solar Radiation, Heat Balance & Temperature
CH 10: Atmospheric Circulation & Weather systems
CH-11
CH-12
6:00 PM
https://youtu.be/33XhzTdYCAc?si=TmGjqRdT3oo6mPzO
Climatology is broadly divided into three segments
1) Traditional/Basic Climatology:
2) Modern/Advanced Climatology:
3) Applied Climatology
Traditional/Basic Climatology:
Origin of atmosphere
Weather & Climate
Composition & Structure of the atmosphere
Insolation & Heat Budget
Temperature Belts
Temperature Inversion
Pressure Belts
Modern/Advanced Climatology:
Jet Streams
Airmasses
Fronts
Atmospheric Disturbances like
Tropical and Temperate Cyclones
Thunderstorms
Cloud Burst
Tornadoes
Water Spouts
Applied Climatology
Global Warming: Role and response of Humans
Urban Climate
Urban heat Islands
1) Traditional/Basic Climatology:
2) Modern/Advanced Climatology:
3) Applied Climatology
Traditional/Basic Climatology:
Origin of atmosphere
Weather & Climate
Composition & Structure of the atmosphere
Insolation & Heat Budget
Temperature Belts
Temperature Inversion
Pressure Belts
Modern/Advanced Climatology:
Jet Streams
Airmasses
Fronts
Atmospheric Disturbances like
Tropical and Temperate Cyclones
Thunderstorms
Cloud Burst
Tornadoes
Water Spouts
Applied Climatology
Global Warming: Role and response of Humans
Urban Climate
Urban heat Islands
Making QUALITY UPSC GEOGRAPHY Content accessible for all especially rural & disadvantaged aspirants.
Subscribe:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYnSQswnDFeIJ8LcR2OoAMa_iy8R6wXSq&si=C1X8wv63Vm6g7Th0
Climatology is the most concept-heavy part of Geography & is mainly divided into 3 parts
1)Basic Climatology
2)Advanced Climatology
3)Applied Climatology
1) Basic Climatology:
Origin of atmosphere
Weather & Climate
Composition & Structure of the atmosphere
Insolation & Heat Budget
Temperature Belts
Temperature Inversion
Pressure Belts
2) Advanced Climatology includes:
Jet Streams
Airmasses
Fronts
Atmospheric Disturbances like-
Tropical and Temperate Cyclones
Thunderstorms
Cloud Burst
Tornadoes
Water Spouts
3) Applied Climatology:
Global Warming: Role and response of Humans
Urban Climate
Urban heat Islands
Subscribe:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYnSQswnDFeIJ8LcR2OoAMa_iy8R6wXSq&si=C1X8wv63Vm6g7Th0
Climatology is the most concept-heavy part of Geography & is mainly divided into 3 parts
1)Basic Climatology
2)Advanced Climatology
3)Applied Climatology
1) Basic Climatology:
Origin of atmosphere
Weather & Climate
Composition & Structure of the atmosphere
Insolation & Heat Budget
Temperature Belts
Temperature Inversion
Pressure Belts
2) Advanced Climatology includes:
Jet Streams
Airmasses
Fronts
Atmospheric Disturbances like-
Tropical and Temperate Cyclones
Thunderstorms
Cloud Burst
Tornadoes
Water Spouts
3) Applied Climatology:
Global Warming: Role and response of Humans
Urban Climate
Urban heat Islands
Dear Students,
Here’s a quick checklist to help you stay prepared and stress-free for tomorrow’s exam:
1. Handkerchief – Useful to wipe sweat and keep your OMR sheet clean.
2. Admit Card – Carry at least 2 printouts, just to be safe.
3. 2-3 Black Ballpoint Pens – Always good to have backups.
4. Valid ID Proof – Carry both the original and a photocopy.
5. Passport-size Photo – With your name and date printed on it.
6. Water Bottle – Prefer a transparent plastic bottle (like Pearlpet). Avoid metallic or fancy bottles.
7. Carry Minimal Cash – Just enough for basic needs.
8. Avoid Expensive Phones – Carry a spare or basic phone if possible.
9. No Bags Allowed Inside – Plan accordingly.
10. Umbrella – Especially if you’re sensitive to heat or sun/ rainy area.
11. ORS Sachet – Handy in case you feel dehydrated.
12. Wear Socks – Helps prevent mosquito bites and keeps you comfortable.
13. Start Early – Keep a 20–25-minute buffer in your travel time.
14. Most Important: Stay Calm & Patient – A peaceful mind is your biggest strength.
Wishing you all the very best. Go give it your best shot!
Madhu Sudhan Reddy Pakala
Here’s a quick checklist to help you stay prepared and stress-free for tomorrow’s exam:
1. Handkerchief – Useful to wipe sweat and keep your OMR sheet clean.
2. Admit Card – Carry at least 2 printouts, just to be safe.
3. 2-3 Black Ballpoint Pens – Always good to have backups.
4. Valid ID Proof – Carry both the original and a photocopy.
5. Passport-size Photo – With your name and date printed on it.
6. Water Bottle – Prefer a transparent plastic bottle (like Pearlpet). Avoid metallic or fancy bottles.
7. Carry Minimal Cash – Just enough for basic needs.
8. Avoid Expensive Phones – Carry a spare or basic phone if possible.
9. No Bags Allowed Inside – Plan accordingly.
10. Umbrella – Especially if you’re sensitive to heat or sun/ rainy area.
11. ORS Sachet – Handy in case you feel dehydrated.
12. Wear Socks – Helps prevent mosquito bites and keeps you comfortable.
13. Start Early – Keep a 20–25-minute buffer in your travel time.
14. Most Important: Stay Calm & Patient – A peaceful mind is your biggest strength.
Wishing you all the very best. Go give it your best shot!
Madhu Sudhan Reddy Pakala
You might have heard this tip many times. But let me remind you again. The beginning time of the prelims will decide your 2 hours.
The Beginning.
The first hour of the exam sets the tone. If you panic here, it can affect your performance in the second half. The first 15–20 minutes are critical. If you manage to stay composed during this time, the rest becomes manageable.
What should be your strategy?
Start with your strong subjects, not necessarily from Question 1. If your strength area appears early in the paper, that’s great—begin there. If not, scan the paper, locate your strong section, and begin from there.
Important Tip – Trust Your First Instinct.
Always mark the answer you feel is right in your first thought. Avoid overthinking and changing it later unless you're absolutely sure. Think of it like recognizing a person you met five years ago—your brain instantly recalls the memory. Similarly, your brain is trained to recall what you've read and understood. Trust that instinct during the exam.
You’ve worked hard for this. Now it’s time to implement everything wisely. Tons of good luck for the exam!
The Beginning.
The first hour of the exam sets the tone. If you panic here, it can affect your performance in the second half. The first 15–20 minutes are critical. If you manage to stay composed during this time, the rest becomes manageable.
What should be your strategy?
Start with your strong subjects, not necessarily from Question 1. If your strength area appears early in the paper, that’s great—begin there. If not, scan the paper, locate your strong section, and begin from there.
Important Tip – Trust Your First Instinct.
Always mark the answer you feel is right in your first thought. Avoid overthinking and changing it later unless you're absolutely sure. Think of it like recognizing a person you met five years ago—your brain instantly recalls the memory. Similarly, your brain is trained to recall what you've read and understood. Trust that instinct during the exam.
You’ve worked hard for this. Now it’s time to implement everything wisely. Tons of good luck for the exam!
History →is on the Easier side.
Polity → Moderate to Tough
Economy → 70% doable → conceptual in nature.
Geography → Highly conceptual → Mapping to be done in detail.(Moderate to difficult)
Science and Technology: Moderate to Difficult.
Environment → Tough
CSAT is Tough as compared to last year.
Overall The cutoff can be in the range of 83 to 86.
Overall the paper is comparatively Tougher with respect to Last year.
Polity → Moderate to Tough
Economy → 70% doable → conceptual in nature.
Geography → Highly conceptual → Mapping to be done in detail.(Moderate to difficult)
Science and Technology: Moderate to Difficult.
Environment → Tough
CSAT is Tough as compared to last year.
Overall The cutoff can be in the range of 83 to 86.
Overall the paper is comparatively Tougher with respect to Last year.
One stop solution to Disaster Manangement.jpg
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One Stop Solution to Disaster Management
From Observing Thousands of Aspirants: The Hybrid UPSC Journey
Over the years, I’ve seen thousands of UPSC aspirants—some who cracked it, some who stumbled, and many stuck somewhere in between. There’s always been a pattern. While not everyone is ultra-disciplined or entirely casual, a large number fall into a middle path—serious about their goals, but also human enough to trip, realign, and grow.
This is not a mockery, nor glorification. This is a realistic journey I’ve seen play out time and again—one that balances consistency with flexibility, grit with self-care, and focus with emotional bandwidth.
Here’s what that journey often looks like:
The Great UPSC Loop: Study, Pause, Repeat- The Pseudo Seriousness
Prelims Day Resolution:
“I finally get it now. I’ve cracked the pattern. From tomorrow—no distractions, just study till next Prelims!”
+7 Days Later:
“I really need a break. I didn’t rest at all after Prelims. It’s important to recharge, right?”
+1 Month:
Discovers a new topper interview. “This mentor speaks to my soul. My entire strategy was flawed. Time to change everything.”
+45 Days:
Orders a fresh stack of new books. Makes a Notion dashboard. Declares: “Old strategy was too mainstream. This is my path now.”
+2 Months:
“No more slacking. Daily targets, 10-hour days. I swear—this time it's serious.”
+3 Months:
Still struggling with consistency. Joins UPSC Telegram groups, Reddit forums, looking for an “accountability partner.”
+4 Months:
Birthday week. “Life is short. One week off won’t hurt.”
+5 Months:
“It’s festival season. Diwali, Eid... family time is also important.”
+6 Months:
Winter hits. “I love this weather. So cozy. Maybe I’ll start waking up early after New Year’s.”
+8 Months:
Panic mode. Joins an expensive crash course hoping it’ll magically fix everything.
1 Month Before Prelims:
“I’m not ready. Should I just skip this attempt? I’ll be 110% next year.”
Prelims Day (Again):
Walks out of the exam center. Looks at the sky and says:
“Bas ab toh sach mein padhna hai... agli baar pakka.”
The “Balanced but Serious” UPSC Aspirant Journey
Prelims Day Realization:
“Okay, whether it went well or not—I’ve learned something. No emotional spiral. Just regroup, refocus, restart.”
+1 Week:
Takes 3–4 days of real rest (guilt-free), then slowly builds momentum. Starts with light revisions and watching topper strategies without blindly copying them.
+1 Month:
Has a plan—but not over-optimized. A clear daily routine, flexible by 10–15%. Optional subject gains equal attention. Netflix is still around—but earned.
+45 Days:
Revises NCERTs, starts PYQs, and does 1–2 hours of answer writing a week. Some days are off. Doesn’t panic about it—just makes up for it smartly.
+2 Months:
Misses a study target? Adjusts. Doesn’t rewrite the whole plan. Learns from the gap. Avoids shiny new courses unless truly needed.
+3 Months:
Finds a sensible Telegram buddy or mentor—not 12. Avoids UPSC forums spiral. Uses Reddit for strategy, not for self-doubt.
+4 Months:
Takes a break on birthdays or festivals—but never the whole week. Uses off days to revise lightly or watch relevant documentaries/interviews.
+5 Months:
Hits a slump. Feels demotivated. Doesn’t ghost their prep—just downsizes workload for a few days, then gets back stronger.
+6 Months:
Has at least 1 round of syllabus done. Keeps current affairs crisp. Has a ‘ready-to-go’ revision notebook. Still enjoys evening chai and family time.
+8 Months:
Joins a crash course or test series—not out of panic, but for structured feedback. Revises regularly. Keeps one day light every 10 days.
1 Month Before Prelims:
Feels nervous—but trusts their preparation. Uses mock tests to diagnose, not destroy confidence. Manages energy more than anxiety.
2026 May 24th Prelims Day (Again):
Quiet confidence. Says to themselves:
“I didn’t do everything perfectly—but I did enough, and I did it right.”
Over the years, I’ve seen thousands of UPSC aspirants—some who cracked it, some who stumbled, and many stuck somewhere in between. There’s always been a pattern. While not everyone is ultra-disciplined or entirely casual, a large number fall into a middle path—serious about their goals, but also human enough to trip, realign, and grow.
This is not a mockery, nor glorification. This is a realistic journey I’ve seen play out time and again—one that balances consistency with flexibility, grit with self-care, and focus with emotional bandwidth.
Here’s what that journey often looks like:
The Great UPSC Loop: Study, Pause, Repeat- The Pseudo Seriousness
Prelims Day Resolution:
“I finally get it now. I’ve cracked the pattern. From tomorrow—no distractions, just study till next Prelims!”
+7 Days Later:
“I really need a break. I didn’t rest at all after Prelims. It’s important to recharge, right?”
+1 Month:
Discovers a new topper interview. “This mentor speaks to my soul. My entire strategy was flawed. Time to change everything.”
+45 Days:
Orders a fresh stack of new books. Makes a Notion dashboard. Declares: “Old strategy was too mainstream. This is my path now.”
+2 Months:
“No more slacking. Daily targets, 10-hour days. I swear—this time it's serious.”
+3 Months:
Still struggling with consistency. Joins UPSC Telegram groups, Reddit forums, looking for an “accountability partner.”
+4 Months:
Birthday week. “Life is short. One week off won’t hurt.”
+5 Months:
“It’s festival season. Diwali, Eid... family time is also important.”
+6 Months:
Winter hits. “I love this weather. So cozy. Maybe I’ll start waking up early after New Year’s.”
+8 Months:
Panic mode. Joins an expensive crash course hoping it’ll magically fix everything.
1 Month Before Prelims:
“I’m not ready. Should I just skip this attempt? I’ll be 110% next year.”
Prelims Day (Again):
Walks out of the exam center. Looks at the sky and says:
“Bas ab toh sach mein padhna hai... agli baar pakka.”
The “Balanced but Serious” UPSC Aspirant Journey
Prelims Day Realization:
“Okay, whether it went well or not—I’ve learned something. No emotional spiral. Just regroup, refocus, restart.”
+1 Week:
Takes 3–4 days of real rest (guilt-free), then slowly builds momentum. Starts with light revisions and watching topper strategies without blindly copying them.
+1 Month:
Has a plan—but not over-optimized. A clear daily routine, flexible by 10–15%. Optional subject gains equal attention. Netflix is still around—but earned.
+45 Days:
Revises NCERTs, starts PYQs, and does 1–2 hours of answer writing a week. Some days are off. Doesn’t panic about it—just makes up for it smartly.
+2 Months:
Misses a study target? Adjusts. Doesn’t rewrite the whole plan. Learns from the gap. Avoids shiny new courses unless truly needed.
+3 Months:
Finds a sensible Telegram buddy or mentor—not 12. Avoids UPSC forums spiral. Uses Reddit for strategy, not for self-doubt.
+4 Months:
Takes a break on birthdays or festivals—but never the whole week. Uses off days to revise lightly or watch relevant documentaries/interviews.
+5 Months:
Hits a slump. Feels demotivated. Doesn’t ghost their prep—just downsizes workload for a few days, then gets back stronger.
+6 Months:
Has at least 1 round of syllabus done. Keeps current affairs crisp. Has a ‘ready-to-go’ revision notebook. Still enjoys evening chai and family time.
+8 Months:
Joins a crash course or test series—not out of panic, but for structured feedback. Revises regularly. Keeps one day light every 10 days.
1 Month Before Prelims:
Feels nervous—but trusts their preparation. Uses mock tests to diagnose, not destroy confidence. Manages energy more than anxiety.
2026 May 24th Prelims Day (Again):
Quiet confidence. Says to themselves:
“I didn’t do everything perfectly—but I did enough, and I did it right.”
I always wanted to do Democratise Geography. But due to certain constraints I was unable to do it.
This is for the aspirant who still wakes up every day with fire.
For the one who’s silently trying again.
For the one who left the prep but still believes in the dream.
And for the one who can’t afford to pay but dares to try.
But today it is.
Dear students- The Warriors of UPSC — Many of you have gone through the 5 AM alarms. or 2:00 AM sleep cycles. For many in this group the NCERTs may have Worn-out.
The silence after results. The hope before Prelims. The heartbreaks, the breakthroughs — and everything in between.
Some of us are still in this Beautiful Preparation arena.
Some have moved on to other battles. But one thing connects us all — the journey of UPSC.
And today, I Just want to give back to your journey.
I’ve created and released the entire GS Geography NCERT — completely FREE.
No paywalls. No coaching fees. Just pure, focused learning.
🎥 Playlist Link:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYnSQswnDFeL0Y0ijfiwJ0gRrgz3e9wNa&si=30Jccu02Iev6C_3p
🔁 Please share it. In your groups, your circles, your juniors. Maybe, just maybe — it finds someone on the edge of giving up.
Because sometimes,
One video, one mentor, one resource can keep the dream alive.
This is for the aspirant who still wakes up every day with fire.
For the one who’s silently trying again.
For the one who left the prep but still believes in the dream.
And for the one who can’t afford to pay but dares to try.
But today it is.
Dear students- The Warriors of UPSC — Many of you have gone through the 5 AM alarms. or 2:00 AM sleep cycles. For many in this group the NCERTs may have Worn-out.
The silence after results. The hope before Prelims. The heartbreaks, the breakthroughs — and everything in between.
Some of us are still in this Beautiful Preparation arena.
Some have moved on to other battles. But one thing connects us all — the journey of UPSC.
And today, I Just want to give back to your journey.
I’ve created and released the entire GS Geography NCERT — completely FREE.
No paywalls. No coaching fees. Just pure, focused learning.
🎥 Playlist Link:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYnSQswnDFeL0Y0ijfiwJ0gRrgz3e9wNa&si=30Jccu02Iev6C_3p
🔁 Please share it. In your groups, your circles, your juniors. Maybe, just maybe — it finds someone on the edge of giving up.
Because sometimes,
One video, one mentor, one resource can keep the dream alive.
YouTube
NCERT THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY and ENVIRONMENT FOR UPSC
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