#CurrentAffair #Sciencetech
Parkinson’s disease
It is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, caused by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain.
Common symptoms include tremors, muscle rigidity, slow movement (bradykinesia), and postural instability. While there is no cure, treatment involves medications, therapies, and lifestyle changes to manage symptom
Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is a critical regulator of mitochondrial fission whose overactivation causes excessive mitochondrial fragmentation, leading to oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal death in Parkinson's disease (PD).
Parkinson’s disease
It is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, caused by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain.
Common symptoms include tremors, muscle rigidity, slow movement (bradykinesia), and postural instability. While there is no cure, treatment involves medications, therapies, and lifestyle changes to manage symptom
Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is a critical regulator of mitochondrial fission whose overactivation causes excessive mitochondrial fragmentation, leading to oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal death in Parkinson's disease (PD).
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#CurrentAffair #Sciencetech
Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD)
It is also known as "monkey fever," is a zoonotic, tick-borne viral hemorrhagic fever caused by the Kyasanur Forest disease virus (KFDV)
2) It isprevalent in the Western Ghats of India.
3) It is transmitted to humans through bites of infected Haemaphysalis ticks or contact with sick/dead monkeys, causing sudden fever, headache, severe muscle pain, and potential bleeding.
Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD)
It is also known as "monkey fever," is a zoonotic, tick-borne viral hemorrhagic fever caused by the Kyasanur Forest disease virus (KFDV)
2) It isprevalent in the Western Ghats of India.
3) It is transmitted to humans through bites of infected Haemaphysalis ticks or contact with sick/dead monkeys, causing sudden fever, headache, severe muscle pain, and potential bleeding.
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#CurrentAffair #Sciencetech
Microsatellite DNA
1)Microsatellite DNA, or short tandem repeats (STRs)/simple sequence repeats (SSRs), consists of 1–6 base pair motifs repeated 5–50 times throughout eukaryotic genomes.
2)These highly polymorphic, non-coding sequences are crucial molecular markers for DNA profiling, forensics, paternity testing, and population genetics due to their high mutation rates.
Microsatellite DNA
1)Microsatellite DNA, or short tandem repeats (STRs)/simple sequence repeats (SSRs), consists of 1–6 base pair motifs repeated 5–50 times throughout eukaryotic genomes.
2)These highly polymorphic, non-coding sequences are crucial molecular markers for DNA profiling, forensics, paternity testing, and population genetics due to their high mutation rates.
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#CurrentAffair #Sciencetech
What Are Quantum Dots?
1)Extremely tiny semiconductor particles (2–10 nanometers wide, about 10–50 atoms).
2)Also called nanocrystals or “artificial atoms”.
3)Discovered in 1980.
Why They Are Special
1)Size controls their properties – especially colour of light they emit.
2)When excited (hit by energy), they glow in very pure, bright colours.
3)Smaller dot → higher energy → blue light.
4)Larger dot → lower energy → red light.
5)Same material can produce any colour just by changing size.
What Are Quantum Dots?
1)Extremely tiny semiconductor particles (2–10 nanometers wide, about 10–50 atoms).
2)Also called nanocrystals or “artificial atoms”.
3)Discovered in 1980.
Why They Are Special
1)Size controls their properties – especially colour of light they emit.
2)When excited (hit by energy), they glow in very pure, bright colours.
3)Smaller dot → higher energy → blue light.
4)Larger dot → lower energy → red light.
5)Same material can produce any colour just by changing size.
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#CurrentAffair #Sciencetech
ADITYA
1)It is India's first indigenously designed and built medium-sized, air-core tokamak, commissioned in 1989 at the Institute for Plasma Research (IPR) in Gujarat.
2)It was upgraded to ADITYA-U (first plasma 2016), a device with a major radius and minor radius, designed for studying edge physics, plasma confinement, and divertor configurations with a toroidal field.
ADITYA
1)It is India's first indigenously designed and built medium-sized, air-core tokamak, commissioned in 1989 at the Institute for Plasma Research (IPR) in Gujarat.
2)It was upgraded to ADITYA-U (first plasma 2016), a device with a major radius and minor radius, designed for studying edge physics, plasma confinement, and divertor configurations with a toroidal field.
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#Economy #CurrentAffair
Deeptech Startup
A deep tech startup primarily develops solutions from new scientific/engineering knowledge advancements. It features high technical/scientific uncertainty, long development timelines, high capital/infrastructure needs, and extended gestation periods.
Operational Requirements
Majority spending on R&D activities.
Owns (or actively creating) significant novel intellectual property (IP), with commercialization steps underway.
Eligibility Period
Up to 20 years from incorporation/registration (vs. 10 years for standard startups) and turnover ≤ ₹300 crore in any FY (vs. ₹200 crore standard
Deeptech Startup
A deep tech startup primarily develops solutions from new scientific/engineering knowledge advancements. It features high technical/scientific uncertainty, long development timelines, high capital/infrastructure needs, and extended gestation periods.
Operational Requirements
Majority spending on R&D activities.
Owns (or actively creating) significant novel intellectual property (IP), with commercialization steps underway.
Eligibility Period
Up to 20 years from incorporation/registration (vs. 10 years for standard startups) and turnover ≤ ₹300 crore in any FY (vs. ₹200 crore standard
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#CurrentAffair
Rajasthan Govt Scheme Fraud – Jhalawar Case
Main Schemes Targeted
1)PM-Kisan (farmer income support)
2)Rajasthan Social Security Pension (RajSSP) for elderly, widows, disabled
3)DMIS (crop loss compensation from disaster relief fund)
Scale of the Scam
1)51 people arrested so far (including govt officials, e-mitra operators)
2)Over ₹18 crore misappropriated detected (may be much higher)
3)₹14.81 crore from PM-Kisan alone
₹3.62 crore from DMIS
4)Similar amount from pension scheme in Jhalawar district
5)Over 11,000 suspicious bank accounts linked
Sensitive data of ~99 lakh people found with accused
How the Fraud Worked
1)Villagers gave Aadhaar details for small share (50%) of benefits
2)Ineligible people (no land, no disability) registered as beneficiaries
3)Fake certificates (disability, land records) created
4)Bulk approvals using hacked/insider access to portals
5)Inactive/old accounts revived for lump-sum back payments
6)Money split: beneficiary kept half, agents/officials took rest
7)Some accounts deactivated after transfer
Rajasthan Govt Scheme Fraud – Jhalawar Case
Main Schemes Targeted
1)PM-Kisan (farmer income support)
2)Rajasthan Social Security Pension (RajSSP) for elderly, widows, disabled
3)DMIS (crop loss compensation from disaster relief fund)
Scale of the Scam
1)51 people arrested so far (including govt officials, e-mitra operators)
2)Over ₹18 crore misappropriated detected (may be much higher)
3)₹14.81 crore from PM-Kisan alone
₹3.62 crore from DMIS
4)Similar amount from pension scheme in Jhalawar district
5)Over 11,000 suspicious bank accounts linked
Sensitive data of ~99 lakh people found with accused
How the Fraud Worked
1)Villagers gave Aadhaar details for small share (50%) of benefits
2)Ineligible people (no land, no disability) registered as beneficiaries
3)Fake certificates (disability, land records) created
4)Bulk approvals using hacked/insider access to portals
5)Inactive/old accounts revived for lump-sum back payments
6)Money split: beneficiary kept half, agents/officials took rest
7)Some accounts deactivated after transfer
Forwarded from Ateeq Mentorship for UPSC
#CurrentAffair
Critical Minerals
UPSC has already asked questions on Cobal, Copper, Nickel, Lithium..So go through rest
IEEFA’s report examines five critical minerals (and their compounds) — cobalt, copper, graphite, lithium and nickel — from the perspectives of import dependency, trade dynamics, domestic availability, and global price fluctuations.
The findings show that India remains largely import-dependent for these minerals and their compounds, with 100% import reliance for minerals like lithium, cobalt, and nickel.
Critical Minerals
UPSC has already asked questions on Cobal, Copper, Nickel, Lithium..So go through rest
IEEFA’s report examines five critical minerals (and their compounds) — cobalt, copper, graphite, lithium and nickel — from the perspectives of import dependency, trade dynamics, domestic availability, and global price fluctuations.
The findings show that India remains largely import-dependent for these minerals and their compounds, with 100% import reliance for minerals like lithium, cobalt, and nickel.
#CurrentAffair #Economy
GDP
The same IMF report shows India’s GDP per capita at approximately $2,878. In comparison, the United States stands at $89,105; China at $13,687; Germany at $55,911 and Japan at $33,956.
India’s global rank on this measure falls anywhere roughly between 135 and 142. Remarkably, even war-torn countries or those facing political instability such as Iran, Iraq, Russia, Ukraine and Turkey report GDP per capita levels higher than India.
This underscores the wide gap in individual average economic output despite the country’s aggregate economic growth.
According to the IMF, India’s PPP-adjusted GDP per capita is approximately $12,130 in April 2025. In India, the PPP-adjusted GDP per capita is higher than the nominal figure because everyday expenses are relatively lower in India than in advanced economies. In spite of PPP-adjustment, India’s level remains far below that of the United States, Germany, China or Japan.
GDP
The same IMF report shows India’s GDP per capita at approximately $2,878. In comparison, the United States stands at $89,105; China at $13,687; Germany at $55,911 and Japan at $33,956.
India’s global rank on this measure falls anywhere roughly between 135 and 142. Remarkably, even war-torn countries or those facing political instability such as Iran, Iraq, Russia, Ukraine and Turkey report GDP per capita levels higher than India.
This underscores the wide gap in individual average economic output despite the country’s aggregate economic growth.
According to the IMF, India’s PPP-adjusted GDP per capita is approximately $12,130 in April 2025. In India, the PPP-adjusted GDP per capita is higher than the nominal figure because everyday expenses are relatively lower in India than in advanced economies. In spite of PPP-adjustment, India’s level remains far below that of the United States, Germany, China or Japan.
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Happy Holi Everyone
May your life be as colourful and joyful as the festival of Holi.
May your life be as colourful and joyful as the festival of Holi.
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CSE_2025_FR_Eng_06032026.pdf
602.3 KB
All the best for 2025 results
#CurrentAffair
Economic Stabilisation Fund
Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced a new Economic Stabilisation Fund with an allocation of ₹57,381 crore as part of the Second Supplementary Demand for Grants.
Purpose:
Provide fiscal headroom to counter global headwinds, including:
1)West Asia conflict (US-Israel vs Iran war)
2)Oil prices hitting $100 per barrel
3)Energy shortages
4)Supply chain disruptions
5)Any unanticipated shocks to Indian economy sub-sectors
The fund is designed to respond to "recent crisis or unanticipated supply chain disruptions" without missing the fiscal consolidation road map.
Economic Stabilisation Fund
Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced a new Economic Stabilisation Fund with an allocation of ₹57,381 crore as part of the Second Supplementary Demand for Grants.
Purpose:
Provide fiscal headroom to counter global headwinds, including:
1)West Asia conflict (US-Israel vs Iran war)
2)Oil prices hitting $100 per barrel
3)Energy shortages
4)Supply chain disruptions
5)Any unanticipated shocks to Indian economy sub-sectors
The fund is designed to respond to "recent crisis or unanticipated supply chain disruptions" without missing the fiscal consolidation road map.
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Happy Ugadi 2026! May this New Year bring new beginnings, prosperity, health, and joy to your life.
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Wishing you all blessed Ram Navami". May Rama guide you towards success and joy
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Goodmorning students. I hope the preparation is going good. Im unavailable on social media for sometime. Those who wanted to contact me can call on this office number -9000400055
#CurrentAffair #Economy
The BHAVYA (Bharat Audyogik Vikas Yojana)
1)The scheme is a central government initiative approved in March 2026 with an outlay of ₹33,660 crore to develop 100 plug-and-play industrial parks across India.
2)The "plug-and-play" model is designed to let companies move from "intent to production" almost immediately by providing ready-to-use infrastructure and pre-approved clearances.
Strategic Goals
The primary aim is to boost India's manufacturing capabilities, attract global investors, and generate an estimated 15 lakh direct jobs. The parks are aligned with PM GatiShakti principles
Nodal Agency:
Implemented by the National Industrial Corridor Development Corporation (NICDC) under the DPIIT.
The BHAVYA (Bharat Audyogik Vikas Yojana)
1)The scheme is a central government initiative approved in March 2026 with an outlay of ₹33,660 crore to develop 100 plug-and-play industrial parks across India.
2)The "plug-and-play" model is designed to let companies move from "intent to production" almost immediately by providing ready-to-use infrastructure and pre-approved clearances.
Strategic Goals
The primary aim is to boost India's manufacturing capabilities, attract global investors, and generate an estimated 15 lakh direct jobs. The parks are aligned with PM GatiShakti principles
Nodal Agency:
Implemented by the National Industrial Corridor Development Corporation (NICDC) under the DPIIT.
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#CurrentAffair #Sciencetech
exRNA
It is RNA that exists outside cells, in body fluids such as blood, saliva, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid. For decades, scientists believed RNA only functioned inside the cell and assumed that if RNA ‘leaked’ out, enzymes in the blood would destroy it. However, researchers have found that cells in fact intentionally ‘export’ RNA.
Main Functions
1)Acts as long-distance communication between cells
2)Delivers instructions to change gene expression or cell behaviour
3)Helps in immune response, tissue repair, and development
4)Cancer cells use it to promote tumour growth
5)In bacteria: reflects last metabolic state before death
exRNA
It is RNA that exists outside cells, in body fluids such as blood, saliva, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid. For decades, scientists believed RNA only functioned inside the cell and assumed that if RNA ‘leaked’ out, enzymes in the blood would destroy it. However, researchers have found that cells in fact intentionally ‘export’ RNA.
Main Functions
1)Acts as long-distance communication between cells
2)Delivers instructions to change gene expression or cell behaviour
3)Helps in immune response, tissue repair, and development
4)Cancer cells use it to promote tumour growth
5)In bacteria: reflects last metabolic state before death
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