Pharmaceutical products trade dynamics of BRICS (BRICS10): Global positioning, intra-bloc trade, and future policy directions
BRICS Journal of Economics 6(4): 87-117
DOI: 10.3897/brics-econ.6.e153294
Authors: Fenghui Fan, Natalia Grigorieva
Abstract: This study examines pharmaceutical trade dynamics within the expanded BRICS10 grouping, comprising the original BRICS5 members (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) and five countries that joined in 2024–2025: Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Indonesia (these five hereafter referred to as “BRICS Newcomers,” abbreviated... Read more »
BRICS Journal of Economics 6(4): 87-117
DOI: 10.3897/brics-econ.6.e153294
Authors: Fenghui Fan, Natalia Grigorieva
Abstract: This study examines pharmaceutical trade dynamics within the expanded BRICS10 grouping, comprising the original BRICS5 members (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) and five countries that joined in 2024–2025: Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Indonesia (these five hereafter referred to as “BRICS Newcomers,” abbreviated... Read more »
BRICS Journal of Economics
Pharmaceutical products trade dynamics of BRICS (BRICS10): Global positioning, intra-bloc trade, and future policy directions
This study examines pharmaceutical trade dynamics within the expanded BRICS10 grouping, comprising the original BRICS5 members (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) and five countries that joined in 2024–2025: Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, the United…
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Iran's first-ever SCO military exercise solidifies ties with China and Russia
Iran's first-ever SCO military exercise solidifies ties with China and Russia
Read more »
Iran's first-ever SCO military exercise solidifies ties with China and Russia
Read more »
Merics
Iran's first-ever SCO military exercise solidifies ties with China and Russia
Eva Seiwert says “Sahand-2025” marks a major milestone in Tehran’s integration into the Shanghai Cooperation Organization – and in its pursuit of greater international recognition.Iran recently hosted militaries from China, India, Russia, and six other countries…
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🚢 Venezuela Deploys Naval Escorts After Trump's Blockade Threat
Venezuela has begun escorting its oil-carrying ships with naval vessels following President Trump's announcement of a "total and complete blockade" on sanctioned tankers. Ships departing Venezuelan ports are now under military protection as they transport petroleum products to Asian markets, while Washington considers various courses of action in response. The standoff escalated after US forces seized a sanctioned oil tanker on December 10, which Caracas called "international piracy.
This tension raises critical questions about international maritime law and economic sovereignty. What do you think about naval blockades as a foreign policy tool? 🌍 Should nations have unrestricted rights to free navigation, or do sanctions justify such measures? Share your perspective below! 💬
#Venezuela #Geopolitics #MaritimeSecurity #InternationalRelations
Source: Anadolu Agency
Venezuela has begun escorting its oil-carrying ships with naval vessels following President Trump's announcement of a "total and complete blockade" on sanctioned tankers. Ships departing Venezuelan ports are now under military protection as they transport petroleum products to Asian markets, while Washington considers various courses of action in response. The standoff escalated after US forces seized a sanctioned oil tanker on December 10, which Caracas called "international piracy.
This tension raises critical questions about international maritime law and economic sovereignty. What do you think about naval blockades as a foreign policy tool? 🌍 Should nations have unrestricted rights to free navigation, or do sanctions justify such measures? Share your perspective below! 💬
#Venezuela #Geopolitics #MaritimeSecurity #InternationalRelations
Source: Anadolu Agency
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PUTIN SAYS NEW HYPERSONIC MISSILES READY IN 2 WEEKS ⚡️
Russia says its new Oreshnik hypersonic missiles will enter combat duty in two weeks 🇷🇺
You see strike times from Belarus cut to seconds, not hours.
From Belarus you reach:
Kiev in 1 minute 51 seconds ⏱️
Vilnius in 1 minute 4 seconds
Rivne in 1 minute 40 seconds
Lutsk in 1 minute 44 seconds
Lviv in 2 minutes 24 seconds
Do you see this as deterrence or as escalation
Share your view in the comments 👇
#RussiaUkraineWar #HypersonicMissiles #Geopolitics #BRICSNews
Russia says its new Oreshnik hypersonic missiles will enter combat duty in two weeks 🇷🇺
You see strike times from Belarus cut to seconds, not hours.
From Belarus you reach:
Kiev in 1 minute 51 seconds ⏱️
Vilnius in 1 minute 4 seconds
Rivne in 1 minute 40 seconds
Lutsk in 1 minute 44 seconds
Lviv in 2 minutes 24 seconds
Do you see this as deterrence or as escalation
Share your view in the comments 👇
#RussiaUkraineWar #HypersonicMissiles #Geopolitics #BRICSNews
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Iran's Medical Tech Revolution: From Sanctions to Global Exporter 💉
Despite facing severe international sanctions, Iran has transformed its medical equipment industry into a global powerhouse. The country now produces 85% of its hospital equipment domestically and exports advanced medical devices to over 60 countries across five continents.
From MRI machines and CT scanners to ventilators and dialysis equipment, Iranian manufacturers compete with international brands at 30-40% lower prices. During COVID-19, one company alone scaled production from 100 to 3,000 ICU ventilators annually when the world faced critical shortages.
What do you think drives innovation more effectively—open global collaboration or necessity under pressure? 💭✨
#MedicalInnovation #HealthcareTechnology #GlobalHealth #BRICS
Source: Press TV
Despite facing severe international sanctions, Iran has transformed its medical equipment industry into a global powerhouse. The country now produces 85% of its hospital equipment domestically and exports advanced medical devices to over 60 countries across five continents.
From MRI machines and CT scanners to ventilators and dialysis equipment, Iranian manufacturers compete with international brands at 30-40% lower prices. During COVID-19, one company alone scaled production from 100 to 3,000 ICU ventilators annually when the world faced critical shortages.
What do you think drives innovation more effectively—open global collaboration or necessity under pressure? 💭✨
#MedicalInnovation #HealthcareTechnology #GlobalHealth #BRICS
Source: Press TV
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Professor Monica Herz, PhD, a researcher at GSUM, was awarded the Baron of Rio Branco Medal
At a ceremony held at the Itamaraty Palace, the medal was presented by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mauro Vieira, in recognition of her contributions to the field of diplomacy...
O post Professor Monica Herz, PhD, a researcher at GSUM, was awarded the Baron of Rio Branco Medal apareceu primeiro em brq. Read more »
At a ceremony held at the Itamaraty Palace, the medal was presented by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mauro Vieira, in recognition of her contributions to the field of diplomacy...
O post Professor Monica Herz, PhD, a researcher at GSUM, was awarded the Baron of Rio Branco Medal apareceu primeiro em brq. Read more »
brq
Professor Monica Herz, PhD, a researcher at GSUM, was awarded the Baron of Rio Branco Medal - brq
At a ceremony held at the Itamaraty Palace, the medal was presented by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mauro Vieira, in recognition of her contributions to the field of diplomacy...
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🌊 India & Brazil Just Strengthened Naval Ties – Here's What It Means for BRICS 🤝
India and Brazil have signed a groundbreaking naval cooperation agreement focused on maintaining Scorpene-class submarines and expanding defense technology collaboration. The deal, involving the Indian Navy, Brazilian Navy, and India's Mazagon Dockyard Limited, emphasizes life-cycle support, knowledge sharing, and joint training programs that could reshape maritime security cooperation within BRICS nations. This partnership reflects a growing trend of Global South countries building strategic autonomy through defense partnerships that don't rely on traditional Western suppliers.
What do you think this naval partnership signals for the future of BRICS defense cooperation? 💭 Could this be a blueprint for more South-South military collaboration? 🌍
#BRICS #NavalCooperation #GlobalSouth #DefensePartnerships
Source: The Sylhet Times
India and Brazil have signed a groundbreaking naval cooperation agreement focused on maintaining Scorpene-class submarines and expanding defense technology collaboration. The deal, involving the Indian Navy, Brazilian Navy, and India's Mazagon Dockyard Limited, emphasizes life-cycle support, knowledge sharing, and joint training programs that could reshape maritime security cooperation within BRICS nations. This partnership reflects a growing trend of Global South countries building strategic autonomy through defense partnerships that don't rely on traditional Western suppliers.
What do you think this naval partnership signals for the future of BRICS defense cooperation? 💭 Could this be a blueprint for more South-South military collaboration? 🌍
#BRICS #NavalCooperation #GlobalSouth #DefensePartnerships
Source: The Sylhet Times
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G20 South Africa Final Declaration: Key Points
With the conclusion of the G20 South Africa, the Final Declaration of this year’s meeting was released. Held on the African continent for the first time, the G20 adopted the...
O post G20 South Africa Final Declaration: Key Points apareceu primeiro em brq. Read more »
With the conclusion of the G20 South Africa, the Final Declaration of this year’s meeting was released. Held on the African continent for the first time, the G20 adopted the...
O post G20 South Africa Final Declaration: Key Points apareceu primeiro em brq. Read more »
brq
G20 South Africa Final Declaration: Key Points - brq
With the conclusion of the G20 South Africa, the Final Declaration of this year’s meeting was released. Held on the African continent for the first time, the G20 adopted the...
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🚨 China Just Made a Chip Breakthrough That Could Change Everything
In a secret Shenzhen lab, Chinese scientists have built a prototype machine capable of producing cutting-edge AI chips—the exact technology Washington has spent years trying to block. Former engineers from Dutch semiconductor giant ASML reverse-engineered extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUV) machines, aiming to produce working chips by 2028. This marks the culmination of a six-year government initiative under President Xi Jinping to achieve semiconductor self-sufficiency, fundamentally challenging Western dominance in AI, smartphones, and military tech.
💭 What does this mean for the future of tech innovation? Will competition accelerate AI development globally, or heighten tensions between superpowers? Share your thoughts below! 👇
#AIChips #TechInnovation #Semiconductors #GlobalTech
Source: Reuters
In a secret Shenzhen lab, Chinese scientists have built a prototype machine capable of producing cutting-edge AI chips—the exact technology Washington has spent years trying to block. Former engineers from Dutch semiconductor giant ASML reverse-engineered extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUV) machines, aiming to produce working chips by 2028. This marks the culmination of a six-year government initiative under President Xi Jinping to achieve semiconductor self-sufficiency, fundamentally challenging Western dominance in AI, smartphones, and military tech.
💭 What does this mean for the future of tech innovation? Will competition accelerate AI development globally, or heighten tensions between superpowers? Share your thoughts below! 👇
#AIChips #TechInnovation #Semiconductors #GlobalTech
Source: Reuters
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WAR HITS BRUSSELS STREETS 🔥
Farmers block Brussels with burning tires outside EU HQ. Smoke fills the air, police rush in, tensions rise.
They fear a new EU trade pact will flood Europe with cheaper South American goods.
#Brussels #EU #FarmersProtest #TradeDeal
Farmers block Brussels with burning tires outside EU HQ. Smoke fills the air, police rush in, tensions rise.
They fear a new EU trade pact will flood Europe with cheaper South American goods.
#Brussels #EU #FarmersProtest #TradeDeal
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RUSSIA AND INDIA: MORE THAN HUGS 🇮🇳🤝🇷🇺
India takes over BRICS next year, and your timeline will fill with big headlines, but the real story sits in people like you.
From payment systems and visa-free travel to student exchanges and youth projects
Russia and India move from defense to energy, media, education, and tourism 🌍
We talk about RT India, digital payments, labor, and youth diplomacy
with expert Rishab Sethi, who lives this partnership every day.
You get a front row seat on Think BRICS.
Watch and comment: https://youtu.be/RkYxtLzjezE
#ThinkBRICS #IndiaRussia #BRICS2025 #Geopolitics
India takes over BRICS next year, and your timeline will fill with big headlines, but the real story sits in people like you.
From payment systems and visa-free travel to student exchanges and youth projects
Russia and India move from defense to energy, media, education, and tourism 🌍
We talk about RT India, digital payments, labor, and youth diplomacy
with expert Rishab Sethi, who lives this partnership every day.
You get a front row seat on Think BRICS.
Watch and comment: https://youtu.be/RkYxtLzjezE
#ThinkBRICS #IndiaRussia #BRICS2025 #Geopolitics
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🕊️ China Steps In as Peacemaker: Can Diplomacy End Thailand-Cambodia Border Clashes?
Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi held separate calls with Thai and Cambodian foreign ministers this week, and both nations expressed willingness to de-escalate tensions and cease fire. The recent border clashes have caused civilian casualties and threatened ASEAN unity, prompting China to dispatch a special envoy for peace mediation. Both countries have also agreed to deploy an ASEAN observer team to monitor the situation and rebuild mutual trust.
What role should regional powers play in resolving border disputes? 🤔 Do you think diplomatic mediation can bring lasting peace, or are stronger measures needed?
#ASEAN #ChinaDiplomacy #ThailandCambodia #PeaceTalks
Source: Global Times
Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi held separate calls with Thai and Cambodian foreign ministers this week, and both nations expressed willingness to de-escalate tensions and cease fire. The recent border clashes have caused civilian casualties and threatened ASEAN unity, prompting China to dispatch a special envoy for peace mediation. Both countries have also agreed to deploy an ASEAN observer team to monitor the situation and rebuild mutual trust.
What role should regional powers play in resolving border disputes? 🤔 Do you think diplomatic mediation can bring lasting peace, or are stronger measures needed?
#ASEAN #ChinaDiplomacy #ThailandCambodia #PeaceTalks
Source: Global Times
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Canada’s Top Soldier Says the Military Is “Ready As-Is”… Really? 🤯🇨🇦
General Jennie Carignan, Canada’s first female Chief of the Defence Staff, insists the Canadian Armed Forces are “ready as-is” if conflict breaks out — even as the military faces recruitment shortages, aging equipment, and pressure to modernize for a more dangerous world. This bold claim comes while Canada is debating investments in air defense, long‑range strike, and Arctic security to catch up with rising global threats.
Do you think her “ready as-is” statement is reassuring leadership or political spin in a risky moment for global security? 🤔🔥 Share your take in the comments.
#CanadianMilitary #JennieCarignan #DefenseDebate #NationalSecurity
Source: National Post
General Jennie Carignan, Canada’s first female Chief of the Defence Staff, insists the Canadian Armed Forces are “ready as-is” if conflict breaks out — even as the military faces recruitment shortages, aging equipment, and pressure to modernize for a more dangerous world. This bold claim comes while Canada is debating investments in air defense, long‑range strike, and Arctic security to catch up with rising global threats.
Do you think her “ready as-is” statement is reassuring leadership or political spin in a risky moment for global security? 🤔🔥 Share your take in the comments.
#CanadianMilitary #JennieCarignan #DefenseDebate #NationalSecurity
Source: National Post
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US VISA FOR BRAZIL TRAVELERS ✈️🇧🇷
US citizens now need an online eVisa for their Brazil trip.
They must show recent bank statements with around 2000 USD to prove their funds 💳
Their eVisa lasts up to 10 years for tourism and costs about 81 USD.
They have to apply through the official Brazil eVisa website before they fly 🌍
Do you think Brazil should also request your social media, email, phone, and family info like the US asks❓🤣
#BrazilTravel #USCitizensAbroad #VisaUpdate #TravelNews
US citizens now need an online eVisa for their Brazil trip.
They must show recent bank statements with around 2000 USD to prove their funds 💳
Their eVisa lasts up to 10 years for tourism and costs about 81 USD.
They have to apply through the official Brazil eVisa website before they fly 🌍
Do you think Brazil should also request your social media, email, phone, and family info like the US asks❓🤣
#BrazilTravel #USCitizensAbroad #VisaUpdate #TravelNews
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Tianfu Twin Tower Light Show 🌃
You watch your skyline transform into pure color in Chengdu.
You feel your night come alive as the Tianfu Twin Tower lights sync around you 🎇
#Chengdu #TianfuTwinTower #CityLights #GoodNight
You watch your skyline transform into pure color in Chengdu.
You feel your night come alive as the Tianfu Twin Tower lights sync around you 🎇
#Chengdu #TianfuTwinTower #CityLights #GoodNight
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🤝 Pakistan & Russia Forge Strategic Partnership in New Eurasian Era
A groundbreaking Pakistan-Russia Eurasian Forum just launched in Moscow, signaling a major shift in regional alliances. Senator Mushahid Hussain announced the creation of the Eurasian Connectivity Forum, positioning Pakistan and Russia as strategic partners in what he calls the "rising Global South".
The initiative focuses on counter-terrorism cooperation, energy collaboration, education, and people-to-people connectivity across Eurasia.
As global power dynamics shift from West to East, this partnership could reshape regional cooperation in Central and South Asia.
💭What do you think this means for the future of international relations? Could Eurasian partnerships challenge traditional Western alliances?
#Eurasia #PakistanRussiaRelations #GlobalSouth #GeopoliticalShift
Source: Geo TV
A groundbreaking Pakistan-Russia Eurasian Forum just launched in Moscow, signaling a major shift in regional alliances. Senator Mushahid Hussain announced the creation of the Eurasian Connectivity Forum, positioning Pakistan and Russia as strategic partners in what he calls the "rising Global South".
The initiative focuses on counter-terrorism cooperation, energy collaboration, education, and people-to-people connectivity across Eurasia.
As global power dynamics shift from West to East, this partnership could reshape regional cooperation in Central and South Asia.
💭What do you think this means for the future of international relations? Could Eurasian partnerships challenge traditional Western alliances?
#Eurasia #PakistanRussiaRelations #GlobalSouth #GeopoliticalShift
Source: Geo TV
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NIGERIA'S APOLOGY EXPOSES DEEP PROBLEMS 🇳🇬🔥
Nigeria's apology to Burkina Faso highlights serious breaches of its constitution and international law and reveals two critical strategic errors.
First, President Tinubu sent armed forces to Benin without Senate approval, despite strong opposition from many northern senators and MPs to involvement in Benin or AES affairs.
Second, Nigeria violated Burkina Faso's airspace during an already tense diplomatic period, while AES leaders viewed neighboring states as Trojan horses for France and NATO.
According to Nigerien analyst Issoufou Boubacar Kado Magagi, Tinubu faced misleading advice from Emmanuel Macron. When Burkina Faso and the AES stood firm with their allies, the pressure became too strong.
Under intense public and parliamentary backlash, Tinubu stepped back and apologized. ECOWAS now appears to serve neocolonial powers rather than sovereign African peoples.
#NigeriaPolitics #ECOWAS #WestAfrica #Geopolitics
Nigeria's apology to Burkina Faso highlights serious breaches of its constitution and international law and reveals two critical strategic errors.
First, President Tinubu sent armed forces to Benin without Senate approval, despite strong opposition from many northern senators and MPs to involvement in Benin or AES affairs.
Second, Nigeria violated Burkina Faso's airspace during an already tense diplomatic period, while AES leaders viewed neighboring states as Trojan horses for France and NATO.
According to Nigerien analyst Issoufou Boubacar Kado Magagi, Tinubu faced misleading advice from Emmanuel Macron. When Burkina Faso and the AES stood firm with their allies, the pressure became too strong.
Under intense public and parliamentary backlash, Tinubu stepped back and apologized. ECOWAS now appears to serve neocolonial powers rather than sovereign African peoples.
#NigeriaPolitics #ECOWAS #WestAfrica #Geopolitics
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ISRAEL USED OVER 100 IRANIAN AGENTS TO KILL NUCLEAR SCIENTISTS 🔍
A new investigation from The Washington Post and PBS reports that Mossad recruited more than 100 Iranian agents inside Iran, trained them abroad, and armed them with secret weapons 🤯
You see how far intelligence services go when they target your scientists. Over decades, Mossad tracked top Iranian nuclear experts, watched their homes and movements, then selected 12 key figures
Operations started after 3:00 AM, when apartments near Tehran came under attack. An Israeli official said this type of operation has no precedent in history.
#geopolitics #Iran #Israel #intelligence
A new investigation from The Washington Post and PBS reports that Mossad recruited more than 100 Iranian agents inside Iran, trained them abroad, and armed them with secret weapons 🤯
You see how far intelligence services go when they target your scientists. Over decades, Mossad tracked top Iranian nuclear experts, watched their homes and movements, then selected 12 key figures
Operations started after 3:00 AM, when apartments near Tehran came under attack. An Israeli official said this type of operation has no precedent in history.
#geopolitics #Iran #Israel #intelligence
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