๐ฅ๐ฅSmall Island Developing States (SIDS):
๐บGroup of 38 UN Member States and 20 Non-UN Members/Associate Members.
๐บGeographical Distribution: The Caribbean, the Pacific, and the Atlantic, Indian Ocean, and South China Sea (AIS).
๐บRecognition: Acknowledged as a special case for their unique environment and development challenges.
๐บSignificance: Designation made at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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๐บGroup of 38 UN Member States and 20 Non-UN Members/Associate Members.
๐บGeographical Distribution: The Caribbean, the Pacific, and the Atlantic, Indian Ocean, and South China Sea (AIS).
๐บRecognition: Acknowledged as a special case for their unique environment and development challenges.
๐บSignificance: Designation made at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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๐ฅ UNEPโs Champions of the Earth Award:
๐บUNEP's premier environmental annual honor.
๐บ Recognizes individuals, groups, and organizations for transformative contributions to the environment.
๐บ Established in 2005, honoring leaders in government, civil society, and the private sector.
#BeatPollution Initiative:
โข Launched by UNEP to combat the pervasive impact of pollution on society.
โข Indian Awardees: Indian awardees include: Indian wildlife biologist Dr. Purnima Devi Barman (2022); PM Narendra Modi (2018); Tulsi Tanti (Chairman of the Suzlon Group).
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๐บUNEP's premier environmental annual honor.
๐บ Recognizes individuals, groups, and organizations for transformative contributions to the environment.
๐บ Established in 2005, honoring leaders in government, civil society, and the private sector.
#BeatPollution Initiative:
โข Launched by UNEP to combat the pervasive impact of pollution on society.
โข Indian Awardees: Indian awardees include: Indian wildlife biologist Dr. Purnima Devi Barman (2022); PM Narendra Modi (2018); Tulsi Tanti (Chairman of the Suzlon Group).
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๐ฅ๐ฅ Planetary Boundaries:
๐บPlanetary boundaries are the thresholds of environmental limits that define a โsafe operating space for humanityโ.
The nine planetary boundaries are:
๐ฅBiodiversity loss; Land-use change; Climate change; Nitrogen & phosphorus (geochemical) cycles Freshwater use; Ocean acidification; Chemical pollution; Atmospheric loading; Ozone depletion
โ Of these 9 planetary boundaries, climate change, biodiversity loss, land-use change, and geochemical cycles have already been exceeded.
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๐บPlanetary boundaries are the thresholds of environmental limits that define a โsafe operating space for humanityโ.
The nine planetary boundaries are:
๐ฅBiodiversity loss; Land-use change; Climate change; Nitrogen & phosphorus (geochemical) cycles Freshwater use; Ocean acidification; Chemical pollution; Atmospheric loading; Ozone depletion
โ Of these 9 planetary boundaries, climate change, biodiversity loss, land-use change, and geochemical cycles have already been exceeded.
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๐ฅ๐ฅ Various Initiatives taken for Genome Sequencing:
# Human Genome Project
๐บ International research effort to determine the DNA sequence of the entire human genome.
๐บ It was coordinated by National Institutes of Health, USA and Department of Energy, USA
# IndiGen programme
๐บ Aims to undertake whole genome sequencing of 1000 Indian individuals representing diverse ethnic groups from India.
Funded by CSIR.
# Genome India Project
๐บAims to collect 10000 genetic samples from citizens across India to build a reference genome.
๐บ By Department of Biotechnology.
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# Human Genome Project
๐บ International research effort to determine the DNA sequence of the entire human genome.
๐บ It was coordinated by National Institutes of Health, USA and Department of Energy, USA
# IndiGen programme
๐บ Aims to undertake whole genome sequencing of 1000 Indian individuals representing diverse ethnic groups from India.
Funded by CSIR.
# Genome India Project
๐บAims to collect 10000 genetic samples from citizens across India to build a reference genome.
๐บ By Department of Biotechnology.
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Details : https://targetupsc.in/courses/detail/252
๐ฅ๐ฅGreater One-Horned Rhino:
๐บ The reintroduction of Greater One-Horned Rhino in Manas National Park of Assam has indicated higher life expectancy of them.
๐บ Asiaโs largest Rhino species and 4th largest land animal.
๐บ Excellent swimmer, Solitary animal , Has incredible sense of hearing and smell, but eyesight is relatively poor.
๐บGestation period is about 16 months.
๐บThreats: Hunted for their horn
# IUCN: Vulnerable
CITES : Appendix I
The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 : Schedule I
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๐บ The reintroduction of Greater One-Horned Rhino in Manas National Park of Assam has indicated higher life expectancy of them.
๐บ Asiaโs largest Rhino species and 4th largest land animal.
๐บ Excellent swimmer, Solitary animal , Has incredible sense of hearing and smell, but eyesight is relatively poor.
๐บGestation period is about 16 months.
๐บThreats: Hunted for their horn
# IUCN: Vulnerable
CITES : Appendix I
The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 : Schedule I
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โCOPRA
๐บ Copra refers to the dried coconut kernels from which coconut oil is expelled.
๐บ The decision is based on recommendations of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP).
๐บ As of now, CACP recommends MSPs of 23 commodities, which comprise 7 cereals, 5 pulses, 7 oilseeds and 4 commercial crops (copra, sugarcane, cotton and raw jute).
๐บ Major coconut growing states in India are Kerala,Tamilnadu, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.
๐บ The oil extracted from copra is rich in lauric acid, making it an important commodity in the preparation of lauryl alcohol, soaps, fatty acids, cosmetics, etc.
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๐บ Copra refers to the dried coconut kernels from which coconut oil is expelled.
๐บ The decision is based on recommendations of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP).
๐บ As of now, CACP recommends MSPs of 23 commodities, which comprise 7 cereals, 5 pulses, 7 oilseeds and 4 commercial crops (copra, sugarcane, cotton and raw jute).
๐บ Major coconut growing states in India are Kerala,Tamilnadu, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.
๐บ The oil extracted from copra is rich in lauric acid, making it an important commodity in the preparation of lauryl alcohol, soaps, fatty acids, cosmetics, etc.
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https://targetupsc.in/courses/detail/252
โ Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU)
๐บ FIU sent a notice to cryptocurrency exchange Binance for โoperating illegallyโ in India through an offshore entity.
๐บ Financial Intelligence Unit โ India (FIU-IND) is an organisation under the Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance.
๐บ It collects financial intelligence about offences under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002.
๐บ It was set up in 2004 and reports directly to the Economic Intelligence Council (EIC) headed by the Finance Minister.
๐บ Mandate: Central national agency responsible for receiving, processing, analyzing, and disseminating information related to suspect financial transactions.
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๐บ FIU sent a notice to cryptocurrency exchange Binance for โoperating illegallyโ in India through an offshore entity.
๐บ Financial Intelligence Unit โ India (FIU-IND) is an organisation under the Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance.
๐บ It collects financial intelligence about offences under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002.
๐บ It was set up in 2004 and reports directly to the Economic Intelligence Council (EIC) headed by the Finance Minister.
๐บ Mandate: Central national agency responsible for receiving, processing, analyzing, and disseminating information related to suspect financial transactions.
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โKarman Line
-Definition: An imaginary line at 100 km (62 miles) above sea level, marking the boundary between Earth's atmosphere and space.
-Establishment: Created in the 1960s by the Fรฉdรฉration Aรฉronautique Internationale (FAI).
-Naming: Named after Theodore von Kรกrmรกn, an aerospace pioneer.
-Acceptance Variance: While widely recognized, some entities like the FAA, NASA, and the U.S. military consider the boundary at 80 km (50 miles) above Earth.
-Physical Significance: Represents the altitude where traditional aircraft cannot effectively fly due to thin air.
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-Definition: An imaginary line at 100 km (62 miles) above sea level, marking the boundary between Earth's atmosphere and space.
-Establishment: Created in the 1960s by the Fรฉdรฉration Aรฉronautique Internationale (FAI).
-Naming: Named after Theodore von Kรกrmรกn, an aerospace pioneer.
-Acceptance Variance: While widely recognized, some entities like the FAA, NASA, and the U.S. military consider the boundary at 80 km (50 miles) above Earth.
-Physical Significance: Represents the altitude where traditional aircraft cannot effectively fly due to thin air.
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GLOBAL ELECTRIC COOKING COALITION โGECCOโ
โ Sector: Energy
โ Purpose: Promote transition to electric cooking by providing action plans and mobilising finance
โ Signatories: At least 10 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean
โ Indiaโs position: Is a signatory
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โ Sector: Energy
โ Purpose: Promote transition to electric cooking by providing action plans and mobilising finance
โ Signatories: At least 10 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean
โ Indiaโs position: Is a signatory
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๐ฅ Mars solar conjunction
โ Every two years, Mars is obscured from the earthโs view for approximately two weeks as it hides behind the sun.
โ This phenomenon, called Mars solar conjunction, occurs when the Mars is within two degrees of the sun in the sky as it makes a close approach to the star.
โ During solar conjunction, Mars becomes unobservable from the earth due to the strong glare of the sun.
โ Since the earth and Mars orbit the sun at different speeds, the phenomenon occurs roughly once every 25 months.
โ NASA is pausing communication because Sun expels hot, ionised gas from its corona and there is a chance that could corrupt radio signals sent from Earth to Mars.
โ This could affect the Robotic missions on Mars โ Perseverance and Curiosity.
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โ Every two years, Mars is obscured from the earthโs view for approximately two weeks as it hides behind the sun.
โ This phenomenon, called Mars solar conjunction, occurs when the Mars is within two degrees of the sun in the sky as it makes a close approach to the star.
โ During solar conjunction, Mars becomes unobservable from the earth due to the strong glare of the sun.
โ Since the earth and Mars orbit the sun at different speeds, the phenomenon occurs roughly once every 25 months.
โ NASA is pausing communication because Sun expels hot, ionised gas from its corona and there is a chance that could corrupt radio signals sent from Earth to Mars.
โ This could affect the Robotic missions on Mars โ Perseverance and Curiosity.
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๐ฅ Amplifi 2.0 Portal
โ The Amplifi 2.0 (Assessment and Monitoring Platform for Liveable, Inclusive and Future-ready urban India) portal is launched by The Union Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
โ It is making raw data from Indian cities available on a single platform for academics, researchers, and stakeholders to help data-driven policymaking.
โ The website provides data on a range of information for several cities, including, for example, the total diesel consumption;
The Urban Outcomes Framework 2022
โ It has been developed for the Ministry by the National Institute of Urban Affairs and Ernst and Young.
โ Data across 14 sectors is streamlined to increase focus on data collection, and disaggregated data can be analysed by domain experts.
โ The 14 sectors are โ demography, economy, education, energy, environment, finance, governance, health, housing, mobility, planning, safety and security, solid waste management, and water and sanitation.
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โ The Amplifi 2.0 (Assessment and Monitoring Platform for Liveable, Inclusive and Future-ready urban India) portal is launched by The Union Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
โ It is making raw data from Indian cities available on a single platform for academics, researchers, and stakeholders to help data-driven policymaking.
โ The website provides data on a range of information for several cities, including, for example, the total diesel consumption;
The Urban Outcomes Framework 2022
โ It has been developed for the Ministry by the National Institute of Urban Affairs and Ernst and Young.
โ Data across 14 sectors is streamlined to increase focus on data collection, and disaggregated data can be analysed by domain experts.
โ The 14 sectors are โ demography, economy, education, energy, environment, finance, governance, health, housing, mobility, planning, safety and security, solid waste management, and water and sanitation.
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โ
eDNA
๐นDefination : refers to genetic material obtained directly from environmental samples (soil, water, air, etc.) without capturing the organisms.
-This DNA can come from skin cells, scales, feathers, feces, or any other biological material shed into the environment.
๐นApplications:
-Biodiversity Monitoring: eDNA is used to assess biodiversity in different habitats, especially aquatic environments.
-Species Detection: It helps in detecting the presence of specific species, including rare, endangered, or invasive species, in an ecosystem.
-Environmental Health Assessment: eDNA analysis can indicate the health and diversity of an ecosystem.
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๐นDefination : refers to genetic material obtained directly from environmental samples (soil, water, air, etc.) without capturing the organisms.
-This DNA can come from skin cells, scales, feathers, feces, or any other biological material shed into the environment.
๐นApplications:
-Biodiversity Monitoring: eDNA is used to assess biodiversity in different habitats, especially aquatic environments.
-Species Detection: It helps in detecting the presence of specific species, including rare, endangered, or invasive species, in an ecosystem.
-Environmental Health Assessment: eDNA analysis can indicate the health and diversity of an ecosystem.
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๐ฅ Hidden GOLD Series
๐ฅ Most Important & Probable Current Affairs for UPSC Prelims 2024
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1 )Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary (TN)
2) Longwood Shola Reserve Fores(TN)
3)Magadi Kere Conservation Reserve(KAR)
4)Ankasamudra Bird Conservation Reserve (KAR)
5) Aghanashini Estuary in Karnataka(KAR)
The Ramsar tag bestows these ecosystems with international recognition, gives them access to international management practices and increases the possibility for international funding.
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๐ฅWhat is Doxxing ? In_NEWS
โก๏ธ12 Hours Marathon Current Affair Session for UPSC Prelims 2024
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๐ฅWhat is Doxxing ? In_NEWS
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High Probability Static Topics!!
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