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โญ๏ธู ูุฎุต ูููุฑู ุจูู
Mitral valve disorders &
Aortic valve disorders
โญ๏ธู ูุฎุต ูููุฑู ุจูู
Mitral valve disorders &
Aortic valve disorders
โค1
โญ๏ธู
ูุงุฏ ุงูุณูุฉ ุงูุซุงูุซุฉ ุงูุชุฑู
ุงูุซุงูู:
#Growthanddevelopment
#Psychology
#AdultI2
#Epidemiology
#Growthanddevelopment
#Psychology
#AdultI2
#Epidemiology
What is the role of the kidney in regulating blood pressure?
Anonymous Quiz
12%
Produces red blood cells
57%
Adjusts sodium and water balance
16%
Filters waste products
16%
Converts vitamin D to its active form
Maria complains about frequently going to the bathroom to urinate, sometimes every 2-3 hours during the day.
Question: What condition is Maria experiencing?
Question: What condition is Maria experiencing?
Anonymous Quiz
0%
Oliguria
2%
Nocturia
98%
Polyuria
0%
Dysuria
John reports a painful, burning sensation whenever he urinates. His doctor suspects a urinary tract infection (UTI).
Question: What term describes John's condition?
Question: What term describes John's condition?
Anonymous Quiz
0%
Hesitancy
91%
Dysuria
0%
Incontinence
9%
Urgency
Ali's urine output has been significantly low, less than 500 mL in a day.
Question:
What condition is Ali likely experiencing?
Question:
What condition is Ali likely experiencing?
Anonymous Quiz
7%
Anuria
0%
Polyuria
91%
Oliguria
2%
Nocturia
Ahmed's urine test shows the presence of red blood cells, and his doctor suspects a kidney stone.
Question: What is the medical term for red blood cells in the urine?
Question: What is the medical term for red blood cells in the urine?
Anonymous Quiz
5%
Proteinuria
0%
Enuresis
95%
Hematuria
0%
Nocturia
During an exam, the doctor notices the bladder wall bulging into the vaginal canal.
Question: What is the medical term for this condition?
Question: What is the medical term for this condition?
Anonymous Quiz
76%
Cystocele
19%
Urethrocele
0%
Prolapse
5%
Vaginitis
A woman is diagnosed with the bulging of the anterior vaginal wall into the urethra, causing urinary discomfort.
Question: What is this condition called?
Question: What is this condition called?
Anonymous Quiz
89%
Urethrocele
2%
Cystocele
2%
Urinary incontinence
7%
Pelvic inflammation
A patient's urine is orange in color. What could be the possible cause?
Anonymous Quiz
18%
Vitamin supplements
10%
Urinary tract infection
67%
Dehydration or bile pigments
6%
Blood in the urine
โญ๏ธ ู
ูุฎุต ููููู
ุงุช ุจู
ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู Stroke ูุฑุน ุงูุฑูุงุถ โญ๏ธ
Stroke Clinical Manifestations Summary
1. Motor Loss
โข Hemiplegia: Paralysis on one side caused by damage to opposite brain side
โข Hemiparesis: Weakness on one side
โข Dysphagia: Difficulty swallowing
โข Bladder & Bowel: Loss of control
โข Damage on one brain side causes opposite side symptoms
โข Hypertonia: Increased muscle tone, spastic paralysis
โข Ataxia: Unsteady gait
โข Spasticity: Abnormal increase in muscle tone
โข Loss/decrease in deep tendon reflexes early (flaccid paralysis), reflexes return with spasticity after 48 hours
โธป
2. Communication Loss / Cognition
โข Dysarthria: Difficulty forming words
โข Dysphasia: Impaired speech
โข Aphasia: Loss or defect of speech
โข Expressive Aphasia: Canโt speak
โข Receptive Aphasia: Canโt understand speech
โข Agraphia: Difficulty writing
โข Alexia: Reading problems
โข Apraxia: Inability to perform learned motor actions
โธป
3. Perceptual Loss: Visual-Perceptual
โข Visual pathway damage causes dysfunction
โข Hemianopsia: Loss of half of visual field in both eyes (homonymous)
โข Patients tend to look toward lesion side
โข Photophobia: Sensitivity to light
โข Diplopia: Double vision
โข Ptosis: Drooping eyelid
โข Visual-spatial disturbances (often right hemisphere damage)
โธป
4. Sensory Loss
โข Paresthesia: Numbness and tingling
โข Loss of proprioception (sense of body position and motion)
โข Agnosia: Canโt recognize familiar objects despite normal sensation
1. Motor Loss
โข Hemiplegia: Paralysis on one side caused by damage to opposite brain side
โข Hemiparesis: Weakness on one side
โข Dysphagia: Difficulty swallowing
โข Bladder & Bowel: Loss of control
โข Damage on one brain side causes opposite side symptoms
โข Hypertonia: Increased muscle tone, spastic paralysis
โข Ataxia: Unsteady gait
โข Spasticity: Abnormal increase in muscle tone
โข Loss/decrease in deep tendon reflexes early (flaccid paralysis), reflexes return with spasticity after 48 hours
โธป
2. Communication Loss / Cognition
โข Dysarthria: Difficulty forming words
โข Dysphasia: Impaired speech
โข Aphasia: Loss or defect of speech
โข Expressive Aphasia: Canโt speak
โข Receptive Aphasia: Canโt understand speech
โข Agraphia: Difficulty writing
โข Alexia: Reading problems
โข Apraxia: Inability to perform learned motor actions
โธป
3. Perceptual Loss: Visual-Perceptual
โข Visual pathway damage causes dysfunction
โข Hemianopsia: Loss of half of visual field in both eyes (homonymous)
โข Patients tend to look toward lesion side
โข Photophobia: Sensitivity to light
โข Diplopia: Double vision
โข Ptosis: Drooping eyelid
โข Visual-spatial disturbances (often right hemisphere damage)
โธป
4. Sensory Loss
โข Paresthesia: Numbness and tingling
โข Loss of proprioception (sense of body position and motion)
โข Agnosia: Canโt recognize familiar objects despite normal sensation
โค1
ู
ูู ุจุฑุงูุชุณ ูููุชุดุฑุฒ ุงู endocrine ููุฑุน ุงูุงุญุณุงุก
ุฏุนูุงุชูู ููุนุณู ุงูู ุงุฑุณูุชู๐
ุฏุนูุงุชูู ููุนุณู ุงูู ุงุฑุณูุชู๐
ุจุฑุงูุชุณ ููุชุดุฑ Altered LOC, Seizures ูุฑุน ุงูุงุญุณุงุก