#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

Indian Ocean Currents:

▪️Currents in the Indian Ocean include the following:
- The North-East Monsoon Drift
- The South West Monsoon Drift
- North Equatorial Current (Warm)
- South Equatorial Current (Warm)
- Somali Current (Cold)
- Mozambique Current (Warm)
- Madagascar Current (Warm)
- Agulhas Current (Warm)
- West Australian Current (Cold)

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https://samajho.com/upsc/yojana-magazine-march-2023-union-budget/

Yojana Magazine: March 2023 | Union Budget

Q. With reference to the Sun's energy received by the Earth, consider the following statements:

1. The insolation (incoming solar radiation) is received by the Earth in the form of long waves.
2. Terrestrial radiation is the short wave electromagnetic radiation originating from Earth and its atmosphere.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

Insolation:

▪️Insolation is the amount of solar radiation that is received by a planet. The energy received by the earth’s surface in the form of short waves is termed as Incoming Solar Radiation or Insolation. Hence statement 1 is not correct.
▪️The insolation is not constant over the surface of the Earth — it is concentrated near the equator because of the curvature of the Earth.

Terrestrial Radiation:

▪️The solar radiation received by the earth is in short wave forms and it heats up its surface. The earth acts as a radiating body and radiates energy in the form of long waves to the atmosphere. Hence statement 2 is not correct.
▪️This process is called terrestrial radiation and these long wave radiations heat up the atmosphere from below. The atmosphere in turn radiates and transmits heat to space.
▪️This maintains the constant temperature at the earth’s surface, as the amount of heat received from the sun is transmitted to space.

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Polity 4
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Polity 5
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Polity 6
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Q. With reference to the Investor Charter, consider the following statements:

1. It is created by the RBI.
2. The investor charter was first proposed in Union Budget 2021-2022.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

▪️Statement 1 is incorrect. SEBI (Securities Exchanges Board of India) (and not RBI) has unveiled investor charter, and laid down certain dos and don’ts of investing in Indian securities market.

▪️Statement 2 is correct. Investor Charter was first proposed in Union Budget 2021-22 to protect investors from the misselling of financial products.

Investor Charter: Key points
▪️This charter includes the rights and responsibilities of investors and the dos and don’ts of investing in the securities market.
▪️The charter has been published to protect the interests of investors by enabling them to understand the risks involved and invest in a fair, transparent, secure market, and to get services in a timely and efficient manner.
▪️It will also ensure that SEBI-registered intermediaries/ regulated entities adhere to their investor charters, including the grievance redressal mechanism.

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Q. Consider the following statements:

1. It subordinated the Governors of Bombay and Madras to the Governor-General of Bengal.
2. Warren Hastings became the first Governor-General of Bengal.
3. It prohibited servants of the company from engaging in any private trade or accepting bribes from the natives.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

Regulating Act of 1773:

▪️The Regulating act of 1773 got introduced to establish a central administrative system in British India.
▪️The act was brought to regulate the activities of the British East India company. It was an initiative of the British parliament to bring an administrative reform in British India.
▪️The office of the Governor of Bengal was redesignated as the Office of the Governor of the Presidency of Fort William, also known as Governor-General of Bengal.
▪️Lord Warren Hastings was the first person to hold this designation.
▪️The Executive Council of four members was created to assist the Governor-General.
▪️The Governors of Bombay and Madras were made subordinate to the Governor General of Bengal, thereby making the Governor General of Bengal as the ultimate authority.
▪️This act brought prohibition on the servants of the company from engaging in any private trade or accepting bribes and gift from the local people.
▪️In the year 1774, Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William was established at Calcutta with one Chief Justice and three other judges.

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Q. With reference to the acts made during the British rule, consider the following statements:

1. Laws made before the Government of India Act, 1858 were called Regulations and those made after are called Acts.
2. The Government of India Act, 1858 abolished Board of Control and Court of Directors.
3. The Councils Act of 1861 accorded statutory recognition to the portfolio system.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

▪️The charter act of 1833 legalized the British colonization of India. It ended the activities of the East India Company as a commercial body, it became a administrative body.
- It provided that the company’s territories in India were held by government ‘in trust for His Majesty, His heirs and successors’.
- It made the Governor-General of Bengal as the Governor-General of India and vested in him all civil and military powers.
- This made Lord William Bentinck the first Governor-General of India.
- The Governors of Bombay and Madras lost their legislative powers. Governor-General of India had legislative powers over entire British India.
- The laws made under the previous acts were called as Regulations while laws made under this act were called as Acts. Hence statement 1 is not correct.

▪️Government of India Act (1858) was passed by the British Parliament on August 2, 1858. The British Parliament to hand over the administrative control of British India from the East India Company to the Crown.
- The act put an end to the doctrine of lapse as well as abolished the dual government proposed by the Pitt's India Act of 1784.
- The court of directors and the Board of Control of the British East India company was scrapped. Hence statement 2 is correct.

▪️Indian Councils Act of 1861 gave recognition to the 'portfolio' system, introduced by Lord Canning in 1859. Under this, a member of the Viceroy's council was made in-charge of one or more departments of the Government and was authorised to issue final orders on behalf of the council on matters of his department(s). Hence statement 3 is correct.

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Q. Consider the following statements:

1. Under the Constitution the people of India are the ultimate sovereign.
2. The Constitution establishes a parliamentary form of Government both at the Centre and in the States.
3. Like the federal Constitutions of the USA and Australia, the Indian Constitution too lays down provisions relating to the governmental machinery not only in the Centre but also in the States.