Q. Consider the following statements:

1. More energy is released in the nuclear fusion process than in nuclear fission.
2. International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) is an international nuclear fission research.

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

▪️Scientists in the United Kingdom have managed to produce the largest amount of energy so far from a nuclear fusion reaction, the same process that makes the Sun, and all other stars, shine and emit energy.

▪️This result is being seen as a major breakthrough in the ongoing global efforts to produce a fusion nuclear reactor.

▪️All current nuclear reactors are based on the fission process, in which the nucleus of a heavier atom is split into those of lighter elements in a controlled manner. This process is accompanied with the release of large amounts of energy.

▪️Fusion is the opposite process, in which nuclei of relatively lighter atoms, typically those of hydrogen, are fused to make the nucleus of a heavier atom.

▪️Statement 1 is correct. Much more energy is released in the fusion process than in fission.

▪️Statement 2 is not correct. International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) is an international nuclear fusion research and engineering megaproject aimed at replicating the fusion processes of the Sun to create energy on the Earth.

▪️Upon completion of construction of the main reactor and first plasma, planned for late 2025, it will be the world's largest magnetic confinement plasma physics experiment and the largest experimental tokamak nuclear fusion reactor.

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#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

Other effective area-based conservation measures (OECM) site:

▪️The Aravalli Biodiversity Park in Gurugram was declared India’s first “other effective area-based conservation measures” (OECM) site on the occasion of World Wetlands Day.

▪️The OECM tag is given by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to areas that are not protected but support rich biodiversity.

▪️The OECM tag does not bring any legal, financial or management implications, but designates the area as a biodiversity hotspot on the international map.

▪️The proposal to declare Aravalli Biodiversity Park an OECM site was sent by the National Biodiversity Authority to the IUCN in December 2020.

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Q. Which of the following research stations are located in Arctic region?

1. IndARC
2. Himadri
3. Maitri

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▪️Himadri is India's first permanent Arctic research station located at Spitsbergen, Svalbard, Norway.
- It was inaugurated on the 1st of July, 2008 by the Minister of Earth Sciences.
- Himadri's functions include long term monitoring of the fjord (Kongsfjorden) dynamics, and atmospheric research.

▪️IndARC is India's first underwater moored observatory in the Arctic region.
- It was deployed in 2014 at Kongsfjorden fjord, Svalbard, Norway which is midway between Norway and North Pole.
-Its research goal is to study the Arctic climate and its influence on the monsoon.

▪️Maitri also known as Friendship Research Centre, is India's second permanent research station in Antarctica as part of the Indian Antarctic Programme.

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Q. Consider the following ocean currents:

1. Kuroshio Current
2. Alaska Current
3. Kuril (Oyashio) Current
4. California Current
5. Benguela Current
6. Brazilian Current

#Solution #Samajho #SPR+

Ocean Currents:

▪️Ocean currents are the continuous, predictable, directional movement of seawater driven by gravity, wind (Coriolis Effect), and water density.
▪️Ocean water moves in two directions: horizontally and vertically. Horizontal movements are referred to as currents, while vertical changes are called upwellings or downwellings.
▪️This abiotic system is responsible for the transfer of heat, variations in biodiversity, and Earth’s climate system.

Types of ocean currents:
▪️Cold currents: It brings cold water into warm water areas. These currents are usually found on the west coast of the continents in the low and middle latitudes (true in both hemispheres) and on the east coast in the higher latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere.

▪️Warm currents: It brings warm water into cold water areas and is usually observed on the east coast of continents in the low and middle latitudes (true in both hemispheres).

▪️Examples of the ocean currents:
- North Equatorial Current - Hot or Warm
- Kuroshio Current - Warm
- North Pacific Current - Warm
- Alaskan Current - Warm
- Counter Equatorial Current - Warm
- El Nino Current - Warm
- Tsushima Current - Warm
- South Equatorial Current - Warm
- East Australian Current - Warm
- Humboldt or Peruvian Current - Cold
- Kuril or Oya shio Current - Cold
- California Current - Cold
- Antarctica Current - Cold
- Okhotsk Current - Cold
- Florida Current - Warm
- Gulf Stream - Warm
- Norwegian Current - Warm
- Irminger Current - Warm
- Rannell Current - Warm
- Antilles Current - Warm
- Brazilian Current - Warm
- Labrador Current - Cold
- Canary Current - Cold
- Eastern Greenland Current - Cold
- Benguela Current - Cold
- Antarctica Current - Cold
- Falkland Current - Cold
- Mozambique Current - Warm and Stable
- Agulhas Current - Warm and Stable
- South-West Monsoon Current - Warm and unstable
- North-East Monsoon Current - Cold and unstable
- Somali Current - Cold and unstable
- Western Australian Current - Cold and Stable
- South Indian Ocean Current - Cold

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Q. Which of the following ocean currents are found in the Indian Ocean?

1. Mozambique Current
2. Somali Current
3. Agulhas Current
4. Western Australian Current