PPD Skin Test Interpretation Based on CDC Guidelines:

⁃ HIV + close contact with active TB = Induration of < 5mm is +ve
⁃ (Corticosteroids >15mg/d for ≥1 month) or (chemo treatment) or (TNF-a use) or (HIV w/o contact with active TB case) or (close contact with active TB who are not HIV +ve) or (fibronodular changes on CXR aka previous TB sign) or (organ transplant recipient) = ≥ 5mm is +ve
⁃ (Prisoners) or (prison guards) or (lab technicians), or (healthcare workers), (inpatients) or (IV drug users) or( kids < 4 y/o) or (DM) or (CRF on dialysis) or (silicosis) or (blood malignancy) or (upper trunk cancers) or [bariatric surgery (jejunoileal bypass)] or (≤ 0.9 ideal body weight) = Induration of ≥ 10 mm is +ve
⁃ Any other > 4 y/o = Induration of ≥ 15mm is +ve

Strategies to Prevent or Delay Onset of Type 2
Diabetes Mellitus

Hypothyroidism

-When TSH is very high (more than double the upper limit of normal) with normal T4, replace hormone.
-When TSH is less than double the normal, get antithyroid peroxidase/antithyroglobulin antibodies. If antibodies are positive, replace thyroid hormone.

-Diagnostic testing for hypothyroidism starts with TSH. IF TSH is suppressed, measure free T4. If TSH is markedly elevated, the gland has failed.
Treatment is replacement of thyroid hormone with thyroxine.

Euthyroid sick syndrome is a condition in which clinically euthyroid patients with nonthyroidal systemic illness have low serum levels of thyroid hormones.

T3 is low
Reverse T3 (rT3) is high
T4 can be low

Euthyroid sick syndrome is not the same as subclinical hypothyroidism (i.e., elevated TSH with normal T4 and 13 and no symptoms), which is sometimes treated.

freatment of euthyroid sick syndrome is directed toward the underlying ill-ness.

Thyroid hormone replacement is not indicated.

High TSH (double notmal) + Normal T4 = treatment

Best initial therapy in thyroid disease

-GRAVES: steroids
-Acute Hyper-thyroidism: Propranolol followed by Methimazole or PTU (only if pregnant)

أقل درجة تم الترشيح عليها للبورد السعودي لعام 2023 (السنة الماضية، اللي الحين هم R1):

https://scfhs.org.sa/ar/applying-postgraduate-programs/General%20Specialties/NominationMinScore2023

للي اختبارهم في January بكرا حنزل جميع نوتات مذاكرة شهر اكتوبر، نوڤمبر و ديسمبر لاختبار الهيئة (تشمل نوتات ملفات دكتور صفدر، و مذاكرة الشهور) نوتات قصيرة تربطلك المعلومات ببعض.

كونوا قريبين

السنة هاذي ما يحتاج خطابات توصية عشان التقديم - يجب التأكد من وجود المؤهل في موقع (جامعة) للتقديم

Intimate social contact with anyone who is or has been a patient is prohibited. AMA guidelines say, “for at least 2 years.”
• Do not date parents of pediatric patients or children of geriatric patients.
• Do not treat friends or family.
• Do not prescribe for colleagues unless a physician/patient relationship exists.
• If patients are inappropriate, gently but clearly let them know what acceptable behavior would be.
• Any gift from a patient beyond a small token should be declined.

the child cannot give permission. A child’s refusal of treatment is irrelevant

made into anki cards

anki as MCQs