SYSTEM DESIGN BASICS — Save This Post!
Asked in Amazon Microsoft Walmart Interviews!
====================================
System Design separates freshers from
SDE-2 level thinkers. Learn the basics NOW
to stand out in interviews!
====================================
CONCEPT 1: SCALABILITY
What it means: System handles MORE users
without breaking down.
Two types:
Vertical Scaling -> Add more power to 1 server
Horizontal Scaling -> Add MORE servers
Real example: Instagram uses horizontal scaling
with 1000s of servers worldwide!
====================================
CONCEPT 2: LOAD BALANCER
What it means: Distributes traffic across
multiple servers so no single server overloads.
Real example: When you open Amazon.com,
a load balancer sends you to the LEAST busy
server among 1000s of available servers!
Tools: Nginx, AWS ELB, HAProxy
====================================
CONCEPT 3: CACHING
What it means: Store frequently used data
in fast memory to avoid repeated DB calls.
Real example: Twitter caches trending tweets
so millions can see them WITHOUT hitting
the database every single time!
Tools: Redis, Memcached
====================================
CONCEPT 4: DATABASE SHARDING
What it means: Split ONE huge database into
smaller pieces (shards) across servers.
Real example: WhatsApp shards user data by
phone number ranges across different servers!
Why: 1 server CANNOT store billions of users!
====================================
CONCEPT 5: MICROSERVICES
What it means: Break ONE big application into
small independent services.
Real example: Amazon has separate services for
Cart, Payment, Inventory, Shipping — all talking
to each other via APIs!
Why: Easy to scale + update individual parts
without breaking the whole system!
====================================
CONCEPT 6: CDN (Content Delivery Network)
What it means: Store copies of content (images,
videos) on servers CLOSE to the user's location.
Real example: YouTube video loads fast in India
because CDN servers exist IN India, not just US!
Tools: Cloudflare, AWS CloudFront
====================================
CONCEPT 7: MESSAGE QUEUES
What it means: Tasks wait in a queue and get
processed one by one, even under heavy load.
Real example: When you order food on Swiggy,
your order goes into a queue before being
assigned to a delivery partner!
Tools: Kafka, RabbitMQ, AWS SQS
====================================
HOW TO ANSWER SYSTEM DESIGN IN INTERVIEW:
Step 1: Clarify requirements (ask questions!)
Step 2: Estimate scale (users, requests/sec)
Step 3: Draw high-level architecture
Step 4: Discuss database design
Step 5: Discuss scaling + caching strategy
Step 6: Discuss trade-offs
Even freshers get asked 'Design a URL shortener'
or 'Design Instagram' in interviews now!
====================================
FREE RESOURCES TO LEARN MORE:
'System Design Primer' on GitHub (FREE)
ByteByteGo YouTube channel
Gaurav Sen YouTube channel (Hindi/English)
====================================
Build a project using these concepts!
Get FREE source codes:
https://t.me/Projectwithsourcecodes
Save this post for interview prep!
#SystemDesign #SystemDesignInterview #Scalability
#LoadBalancer #Caching #Microservices #Redis
#Kafka #CDN #BTech2026 #MCA2026 #BCA2026
#PlacementPrep #Amazon #Microsoft #Walmart
#SDE #TechInterview #ProjectWithSourceCodes
#StudentsOfIndia #SystemDesignBasics
Asked in Amazon Microsoft Walmart Interviews!
====================================
System Design separates freshers from
SDE-2 level thinkers. Learn the basics NOW
to stand out in interviews!
====================================
CONCEPT 1: SCALABILITY
What it means: System handles MORE users
without breaking down.
Two types:
Vertical Scaling -> Add more power to 1 server
Horizontal Scaling -> Add MORE servers
Real example: Instagram uses horizontal scaling
with 1000s of servers worldwide!
====================================
CONCEPT 2: LOAD BALANCER
What it means: Distributes traffic across
multiple servers so no single server overloads.
Real example: When you open Amazon.com,
a load balancer sends you to the LEAST busy
server among 1000s of available servers!
Tools: Nginx, AWS ELB, HAProxy
====================================
CONCEPT 3: CACHING
What it means: Store frequently used data
in fast memory to avoid repeated DB calls.
Real example: Twitter caches trending tweets
so millions can see them WITHOUT hitting
the database every single time!
Tools: Redis, Memcached
====================================
CONCEPT 4: DATABASE SHARDING
What it means: Split ONE huge database into
smaller pieces (shards) across servers.
Real example: WhatsApp shards user data by
phone number ranges across different servers!
Why: 1 server CANNOT store billions of users!
====================================
CONCEPT 5: MICROSERVICES
What it means: Break ONE big application into
small independent services.
Real example: Amazon has separate services for
Cart, Payment, Inventory, Shipping — all talking
to each other via APIs!
Why: Easy to scale + update individual parts
without breaking the whole system!
====================================
CONCEPT 6: CDN (Content Delivery Network)
What it means: Store copies of content (images,
videos) on servers CLOSE to the user's location.
Real example: YouTube video loads fast in India
because CDN servers exist IN India, not just US!
Tools: Cloudflare, AWS CloudFront
====================================
CONCEPT 7: MESSAGE QUEUES
What it means: Tasks wait in a queue and get
processed one by one, even under heavy load.
Real example: When you order food on Swiggy,
your order goes into a queue before being
assigned to a delivery partner!
Tools: Kafka, RabbitMQ, AWS SQS
====================================
HOW TO ANSWER SYSTEM DESIGN IN INTERVIEW:
Step 1: Clarify requirements (ask questions!)
Step 2: Estimate scale (users, requests/sec)
Step 3: Draw high-level architecture
Step 4: Discuss database design
Step 5: Discuss scaling + caching strategy
Step 6: Discuss trade-offs
Even freshers get asked 'Design a URL shortener'
or 'Design Instagram' in interviews now!
====================================
FREE RESOURCES TO LEARN MORE:
'System Design Primer' on GitHub (FREE)
ByteByteGo YouTube channel
Gaurav Sen YouTube channel (Hindi/English)
====================================
Build a project using these concepts!
Get FREE source codes:
https://t.me/Projectwithsourcecodes
Save this post for interview prep!
#SystemDesign #SystemDesignInterview #Scalability
#LoadBalancer #Caching #Microservices #Redis
#Kafka #CDN #BTech2026 #MCA2026 #BCA2026
#PlacementPrep #Amazon #Microsoft #Walmart
#SDE #TechInterview #ProjectWithSourceCodes
#StudentsOfIndia #SystemDesignBasics
Telegram
ProjectWithSourceCodes
Free Source Code Projects for Students 🚀 | Python | Java | Android | Web Dev | AI/ML | Final Year Projects | BCA • BTech • MCA | Interview Prep | Job Alerts
Website: https://updategadh.com
Website: https://updategadh.com
SYSTEM DESIGN BASICS - Save This!
Asked in Every Senior + Product Company Round!
====================================
System Design is asked at Adobe, Microsoft,
Flipkart, Razorpay, Swiggy, Uber and ALL
product companies. Learn the basics NOW!
====================================
1. SCALABILITY
Making your app handle more users over time
Vertical Scaling: Add more RAM/CPU to one server
-> Simple but has physical limits
Horizontal Scaling: Add more servers
-> Used by Google, Amazon, Netflix
-> Needs load balancer to distribute traffic
====================================
2. LOAD BALANCER
Distributes incoming requests across servers
so no single server gets overloaded.
Algorithms:
Round Robin -> requests go in rotation
Least Connections -> send to least busy server
IP Hash -> same user always hits same server
Real examples: AWS ALB, Nginx, HAProxy
====================================
3. CACHING
Store frequently accessed data in fast memory
to avoid hitting the database every time.
Redis -> most popular cache tool
CDN -> cache static files (images, CSS, JS)
near users geographically
Cache strategies:
Cache Aside -> app checks cache, then DB
Write Through -> write to cache + DB together
TTL (Time To Live) -> auto-expire cached data
====================================
4. DATABASE DESIGN
SQL (MySQL, PostgreSQL):
-> Structured data, ACID transactions
-> Use for: banking, orders, user accounts
NoSQL (MongoDB, DynamoDB):
-> Flexible schema, high write speed
-> Use for: chat messages, logs, catalogs
Database Sharding:
-> Split data across multiple DB servers
-> Used when one DB cannot handle load
Replication:
-> Master writes, Slaves read
-> Improves read performance + availability
====================================
5. MICROSERVICES vs MONOLITH
Monolith -> one big codebase, simple to start
Microservices -> split into small independent
services (User, Order, Payment, Notification)
When to use Microservices:
Large teams (each team owns one service)
Different scaling needs per service
Example: Netflix, Uber, Amazon all use it
====================================
6. MESSAGE QUEUES
Async communication between services
so they don't have to wait for each other.
Tools: Apache Kafka, RabbitMQ, AWS SQS
Example: Order placed -> Queue -> Notification
service sends email without slowing checkout!
====================================
7. CAP THEOREM
A distributed system can only guarantee 2 of 3:
C - Consistency (all nodes have same data)
A - Availability (always responds)
P - Partition Tolerance (survives network split)
Real systems choose CP or AP based on use case.
====================================
TOP 5 SYSTEM DESIGN INTERVIEW QUESTIONS:
1. Design URL Shortener (like bit.ly)
2. Design Instagram (image storage + feed)
3. Design WhatsApp (real-time messaging)
4. Design Uber (ride matching + maps)
5. Design Netflix (video streaming + CDN)
====================================
Save this - revise before product company rounds!
Get FREE system design projects:
https://t.me/Projectwithsourcecodes
Share with your placement batch!
#SystemDesign #SystemDesignInterview #LLD #HLD
#Microservices #Kafka #Redis #LoadBalancer
#BTech2026 #MCA2026 #BCA2026 #PlacementPrep
#ProductCompany #SDE2 #TechInterview #Scalability
#ProjectWithSourceCodes #StudentsOfIndia
Asked in Every Senior + Product Company Round!
====================================
System Design is asked at Adobe, Microsoft,
Flipkart, Razorpay, Swiggy, Uber and ALL
product companies. Learn the basics NOW!
====================================
1. SCALABILITY
Making your app handle more users over time
Vertical Scaling: Add more RAM/CPU to one server
-> Simple but has physical limits
Horizontal Scaling: Add more servers
-> Used by Google, Amazon, Netflix
-> Needs load balancer to distribute traffic
====================================
2. LOAD BALANCER
Distributes incoming requests across servers
so no single server gets overloaded.
Algorithms:
Round Robin -> requests go in rotation
Least Connections -> send to least busy server
IP Hash -> same user always hits same server
Real examples: AWS ALB, Nginx, HAProxy
====================================
3. CACHING
Store frequently accessed data in fast memory
to avoid hitting the database every time.
Redis -> most popular cache tool
CDN -> cache static files (images, CSS, JS)
near users geographically
Cache strategies:
Cache Aside -> app checks cache, then DB
Write Through -> write to cache + DB together
TTL (Time To Live) -> auto-expire cached data
====================================
4. DATABASE DESIGN
SQL (MySQL, PostgreSQL):
-> Structured data, ACID transactions
-> Use for: banking, orders, user accounts
NoSQL (MongoDB, DynamoDB):
-> Flexible schema, high write speed
-> Use for: chat messages, logs, catalogs
Database Sharding:
-> Split data across multiple DB servers
-> Used when one DB cannot handle load
Replication:
-> Master writes, Slaves read
-> Improves read performance + availability
====================================
5. MICROSERVICES vs MONOLITH
Monolith -> one big codebase, simple to start
Microservices -> split into small independent
services (User, Order, Payment, Notification)
When to use Microservices:
Large teams (each team owns one service)
Different scaling needs per service
Example: Netflix, Uber, Amazon all use it
====================================
6. MESSAGE QUEUES
Async communication between services
so they don't have to wait for each other.
Tools: Apache Kafka, RabbitMQ, AWS SQS
Example: Order placed -> Queue -> Notification
service sends email without slowing checkout!
====================================
7. CAP THEOREM
A distributed system can only guarantee 2 of 3:
C - Consistency (all nodes have same data)
A - Availability (always responds)
P - Partition Tolerance (survives network split)
Real systems choose CP or AP based on use case.
====================================
TOP 5 SYSTEM DESIGN INTERVIEW QUESTIONS:
1. Design URL Shortener (like bit.ly)
2. Design Instagram (image storage + feed)
3. Design WhatsApp (real-time messaging)
4. Design Uber (ride matching + maps)
5. Design Netflix (video streaming + CDN)
====================================
Save this - revise before product company rounds!
Get FREE system design projects:
https://t.me/Projectwithsourcecodes
Share with your placement batch!
#SystemDesign #SystemDesignInterview #LLD #HLD
#Microservices #Kafka #Redis #LoadBalancer
#BTech2026 #MCA2026 #BCA2026 #PlacementPrep
#ProductCompany #SDE2 #TechInterview #Scalability
#ProjectWithSourceCodes #StudentsOfIndia
Telegram
ProjectWithSourceCodes
Free Source Code Projects for Students 🚀 | Python | Java | Android | Web Dev | AI/ML | Final Year Projects | BCA • BTech • MCA | Interview Prep | Job Alerts
Website: https://updategadh.com
Website: https://updategadh.com
❤1
5 GITHUB REPOS TO CRACK CODING INTERVIEWS
Free - Star & Start Preparing Today!
====================================
1. Coding Interview University (jwasham) - 355K stars
A complete CS study plan to become a software engineer
Best for: full roadmap from zero to interview-ready
https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university
2. System Design Primer (donnemartin) - 356K stars
Learn to design large-scale systems + Anki flashcards
Best for: system design rounds (Amazon, Google, etc.)
https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer
3. Tech Interview Handbook (yangshun) - 140K stars
Curated, to-the-point interview prep for busy engineers
Best for: quick, high-yield revision
https://github.com/yangshun/tech-interview-handbook
4. The Algorithms - Python (TheAlgorithms) - 222K stars
Every important algorithm implemented in Python
Best for: DSA practice & understanding code
https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Python
5. Interviews (kdn251) - 65K stars
Everything you need to know to get the job
Best for: data structures, algorithms & DP patterns
https://github.com/kdn251/interviews
====================================
SMART PREP PLAN:
Pick ONE roadmap and follow it daily
Solve 2-3 problems every single day
Revise system design before product-company rounds
Push your solutions to GitHub = shows consistency!
====================================
Want ready-made projects with source code for your resume?
https://t.me/Projectwithsourcecodes
Share with your placement batch!
#CodingInterview #DSA #SystemDesign #Placement
#Algorithms #Python #LeetCode #GitHub #OpenSource
#BTech2026 #MCA2026 #BCA2026 #FinalYearProject
#ProjectWithSourceCodes #StudentsOfIndia
Free - Star & Start Preparing Today!
====================================
1. Coding Interview University (jwasham) - 355K stars
A complete CS study plan to become a software engineer
Best for: full roadmap from zero to interview-ready
https://github.com/jwasham/coding-interview-university
2. System Design Primer (donnemartin) - 356K stars
Learn to design large-scale systems + Anki flashcards
Best for: system design rounds (Amazon, Google, etc.)
https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer
3. Tech Interview Handbook (yangshun) - 140K stars
Curated, to-the-point interview prep for busy engineers
Best for: quick, high-yield revision
https://github.com/yangshun/tech-interview-handbook
4. The Algorithms - Python (TheAlgorithms) - 222K stars
Every important algorithm implemented in Python
Best for: DSA practice & understanding code
https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Python
5. Interviews (kdn251) - 65K stars
Everything you need to know to get the job
Best for: data structures, algorithms & DP patterns
https://github.com/kdn251/interviews
====================================
SMART PREP PLAN:
Pick ONE roadmap and follow it daily
Solve 2-3 problems every single day
Revise system design before product-company rounds
Push your solutions to GitHub = shows consistency!
====================================
Want ready-made projects with source code for your resume?
https://t.me/Projectwithsourcecodes
Share with your placement batch!
#CodingInterview #DSA #SystemDesign #Placement
#Algorithms #Python #LeetCode #GitHub #OpenSource
#BTech2026 #MCA2026 #BCA2026 #FinalYearProject
#ProjectWithSourceCodes #StudentsOfIndia