🎯 TOP 15 Python Interview Questions Asked in 2026
(TCS • Infosys • Wipro • Startups — ye sab poochte hain!)

Save karo — interview se pehle zaroor padho! 📌

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BASICS (Freshers ke liye must!)

1️⃣ List vs Tuple?
→ List = mutable | Tuple = immutable
→ Tuple is faster & used for fixed data

2️⃣ What are Python decorators?
→ Functions jo dusre functions wrap karte hain
→ @staticmethod, @classmethod, @property
→ Flask mein @app.route bhi ek decorator hai

3️⃣ deepcopy vs shallow copy?
→ Shallow = reference copy (nested objects share)
→ Deep = completely new independent copy
→ import copy → copy.deepcopy(obj)

4️⃣ What is GIL in Python?
→ Global Interpreter Lock
→ Only ONE thread runs at a time in CPython
→ Use multiprocessing for true parallelism

5️⃣ What are generators?
→ Use yield instead of return
→ Memory efficient — values on demand
→ Perfect for large datasets

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INTERMEDIATE (Most asked in tech rounds!)

6️⃣ List comprehension vs map() — which is faster?
→ List comprehension is more readable & Pythonic
→ map() slightly faster for simple functions

7️⃣ What is *args and **kwargs?
→ *args = variable positional arguments
→ **kwargs = variable keyword arguments

8️⃣ Mutable vs Immutable data types?
→ Mutable: list, dict, set
→ Immutable: int, str, tuple, float

9️⃣ What is __init__ vs __new__?
→ __new__ creates the object
→ __init__ initializes it (constructor)

🔟 Python memory management?
→ Reference counting + Garbage collector
→ del keyword decrements reference count

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ADVANCED (For senior/experienced roles!)

1️⃣1️⃣ Lambda function?
→ Anonymous one-line function
→ square = lambda x: x**2

1️⃣2️⃣ OOPS in Python?
→ Class, Object, Inheritance, Polymorphism
→ Always give a real example (Bank, Car etc.)

1️⃣3️⃣ is vs == difference?
→ == checks value | is checks memory identity
→ [] == [] is True but [] is [] is False!

1️⃣4️⃣ Exception handling?
→ try / except / else / finally
→ Always catch specific exceptions first

1️⃣5️⃣ @staticmethod vs @classmethod?
→ @staticmethod: no self or cls — utility method
→ @classmethod: gets class as first arg (cls)

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🔥 BONUS Interview Tips:
→ Always explain with a real-world example
→ Say 'I used this in my project' — instant +1!
→ Mention time/space complexity when possible
→ If unsure — explain what you DO know confidently

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