Infectious disease remains a major cause of school absenteeism. One Wisconsin study found that three-fourths of absences among schoolchildren were due to viral illnesses.1 Hand hygiene is a simple intervention that has proven effective at reducing illness…

10.1542/6388094685112Video AbstractPEDS-VA_2025-0744936388094685112OBJECTIVES. Determine the effect of lower-extremity power training combined with interval treadmill training (PT3) on walking capacity and performance in children with cerebral palsy (CP).METHODS.…

10.1542/6388055738112Video AbstractPEDS-VA_2025-0722306388055738112OBJECTIVE. To assess whether a novel parent stress with nutrition vs nutrition alone intervention decreases early childhood obesity risk.METHODS. A prospective, parallel, 12-week randomized…

Hypoglycin A is a mitochondrial toxin found in unripe soapberry fruits such as ackee. This toxin disrupts fatty acid β-oxidation, leading to severe metabolic derangements. Although toxic exposure through ingestion has been well documented, transfer through…

10.1542/6382892274112Video AbstractPEDS-VA_2025-0709706382892274112OBJECTIVE. Disparities in early intervention (EI) use are well documented. We sought to determine the effects of family navigation (FN) on EI services use and child development among low-income…

Early intervention (EI) for infants with or at risk for developmental delay rests on the assumption that providing treatments and services as early as possible will optimize outcomes for children and families. However, research has consistently reported substantial…

10.1542/6386293119112Video AbstractPEDS-VA_2025-0714346386293119112OBJECTIVE. Pediatric mortality from conflict-related injuries exceeds that of adults. Understanding pediatric injury patterns and outcomes is critical for guiding resource allocation and training.…

The ethical considerations surrounding organ-preserving cardiopulmonary resuscitation (OP-CPR) in pediatric patients with brain death highlight tensions between preserving organ viability and respecting bodily integrity. This article explores these complexities…

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES. Cerebellar pathologies, especially cerebellar hemorrhage (CBH), in extremely preterm infants has been increasingly detected through cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI). We evaluated prevalence, associated risk factors, and…

“Has anyone spoken to family? Do they understand the terrible prognosis?”Diego, a three-year-old with trisomy 21, was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) after a near-drowning event requiring prolonged resuscitation. Concerns about cerebral…

This award holds meaning for me because of Dr. David Nichols’ lasting impact on the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. He was the architect of the Genes to Society curriculum and the visionary behind the Armstrong Education Building at the Johns Hopkins School…

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a life-threatening mucocutaneous disorder with rare but potentially fatal respiratory complications. We present an exceptional documented case of TEN with severe bronchial obstruction successfully treated with tocilizumab…

10.1542/6388055517112Video AbstractPEDS-VA_2025-0715606388055517112BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES. Children experience the highest impact from neighborhood violence (NV) exposure. Timely access to care has proven to mitigate these untoward effects. However, robust…

10.1542/6388088598112Video AbstractPEDS-VA_2025-0737306388088598112OBJECTIVE. Coccidioidomycosis (CM) is not as well described in children as it is in adults. The Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) system provides care within an endemic region for…

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE. Faltering weight (previously known as “failure to thrive”) is a condition characterized by poor weight gain and has varied underlying etiologies that may require distinct diagnostic evaluations. This technical report describes systematic…

OBJECTIVE. Although preterm birth is among the best predictors of language delay, it is not precise enough to make child-level prediction that will enable the prescription of the highly effective early intervention (EI). This study aims to develop and validate…

In this issue of Pediatrics, Wong et al1 used a speech auditory brain stem response (ABR) method, administered between 7 and 24 months of age, to predict those infants and toddlers who would later score more than 1 SD below the mean on the language subscale…

BACKGROUND. Low socioeconomic status (SES) has been theorized to be a risk factor for faltering weight (previously “failure to thrive”) in infants and children, but evidence is needed to understand the certainty of the association. Many treatment options…

10.1542/6386877932112Video AbstractPEDS-VA_2025-0757646386877932112This evidence-based guideline from the American Academy of Pediatrics and the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition is intended to support health…

We report 4 children (aged 3–9 years) with severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with vitamin C deficiency. All presented with either musculoskeletal symptoms or cardiorespiratory deterioration with peripheral edema. Multiple nutritional deficiencies…

10.1542/6388094885112Video AbstractPEDS-VA_2025-0739346388094885112BACKGROUND. Parental smoking is a leading source of secondhand smoke exposure for children, increasing risks of respiratory illness and future smoking. Cessation treatment delivery for parents…