BACKGROUND. Low socioeconomic status (SES) has been theorized to be a risk factor for faltering weight (previously “failure to thrive”) in infants and children, but evidence is needed to understand the certainty of the association. Many treatment options…

10.1542/6386877932112Video AbstractPEDS-VA_2025-0757646386877932112This evidence-based guideline from the American Academy of Pediatrics and the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition is intended to support health…

We report 4 children (aged 3–9 years) with severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with vitamin C deficiency. All presented with either musculoskeletal symptoms or cardiorespiratory deterioration with peripheral edema. Multiple nutritional deficiencies…

10.1542/6388094885112Video AbstractPEDS-VA_2025-0739346388094885112BACKGROUND. Parental smoking is a leading source of secondhand smoke exposure for children, increasing risks of respiratory illness and future smoking. Cessation treatment delivery for parents…

In 2011, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) published a clinical practice guideline for urinary tract infections (UTI) in which voiding cysto-urethrogram (VCUG) would no longer be the first-line imaging study after the first febrile urinary tract infection…

10.1542/6382804625112Video AbstractPEDS-VA_2025-0720926382804625112BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES. Up to 50% of children with urinary tract infections (UTIs) have vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Severe VUR can lead to reflux nephropathy (RN) and end-stage kidney…

10.1542/6386522812112Video AbstractPEDS-VA_2025-0725046386522812112OBJECTIVE. The California-based cerebral palsy (CP) growth charts, published in Pediatrics in 2011, demonstrated a link between Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS)–stratified…

Cerebral palsy (CP), the most common lifelong motor disability, is a multimodal condition with impacts far beyond motor functioning.1 CP motor prognosis, feeding impairments, medical complexity, and rates of coexisting conditions are known to covary with…

10.1542/6386879373112Video AbstractPEDS-VA_2025-0736616386879373112OBJECTIVE. To examine associations between COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy and the risk of various infections in early childhood.METHODS. We conducted a nationwide, register-based cohort…

Newborn screening (NBS) is a public health program that identifies babies with health conditions that need early treatment. Determining benefit of NBS has traditionally focused on outcomes for children. Families also benefit from NBS, but the range of family…

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES. Suicidal ideation (SI) significantly increases during the transition from childhood to adolescence, serving as a key predictor of future suicidal behaviors. Despite this, research focusing on preadolescents is scarce and often overlooks…

Although consensus on medical treatment for critically ill children is ideally achieved through shared decision making, disagreements on the appropriate course of action can occur. This clinical report provides practical guidance for pediatricians and other…

Although consensus on a medical treatment plan is ideally achieved through a process of shared decision making, disagreements about whether life-sustaining interventions should be initiated or continued can occur and are sometimes difficult to resolve. When…

In this issue of Pediatrics, Ramgopal and colleagues describe the extent to which Emergency Medical Services (EMS) agencies care for children with medical complexity (CMC).1 Although the field of EMS has evolved rapidly over the last 15 years, CMC, often…

We appreciate the thoughtful comments from Mokkapati et al regarding our recent study
examining whether tachycardia or heart rate-based classification differentiate functional
disability among adolescents with chronic orthostatic intolerance (COI). The authors…

We read with great interest the study by Sivakoti et al. examining whether tachycardia-based
classification differentiates functional disability among adolescents with chronic
orthostatic intolerance1. The comparable Functional Disability Inventory (FDI)…

Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring has been a cornerstone of neurocritical care since Lundberg and colleagues’ pioneering work in the 1960s using external ventricular drains to continuously record ICP.1,2 In traumatic brain injury (TBI), increased ICP…

This cross-sectional study characterizes children who died by suicide by country, sex, method, and year from 2012 to 2022.

This economic evaluation identifies the rate and financial impact of unreimbursed hospital care in the US.

To the Editor We read with great interest the Viewpoint by Gazit and colleagues1 proposing that artificial intelligence (AI) in critical care should preferentially support de-escalation rather than escalation of care. We concur with the authors’ perspective…