In this issue of Pediatrics, Chu and colleagues1 report that despite overall increasing use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) for youth with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), there remain significant disparities among medication dispensing…

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE. Addressing disparities and improving outcomes for patients in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) requires accurate and reliable reporting of race and ethnicity. We sought to increase the percentage of infants with caregiver-reported…

10.1542/6388056341112Video AbstractPEDS-VA_2025-0736296388056341112BACKGROUND. Infant herpes simplex virus (HSV) incidence ranges from 1.7 to 13.4 per 100 000 live births, varies by region, and prior to 2019, has been increasing. HSV-1 has surpassed HSV-2…

10.1542/6388056817112Video AbstractPEDS-VA_2025-0734426388056817112OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study was to evaluate required culture-based overseas tuberculosis (TB) screening in US-bound international adoptees.METHODS. We conducted a cross-sectional…

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, capable of producing original text, images, audio, and video, are increasingly embedded in children’s learning, play, and daily life. Pediatric clinicians and parents face the challenge of guiding children…

10.1542/6388056035112Video AbstractPEDS-VA_2025-0728306388056035112Health care inequities and resultant disparities in health outcomes can be influenced by clinical guidelines and organization policies. This guidance may be implicitly or explicitly embedded…

Infectious disease remains a major cause of school absenteeism. One Wisconsin study found that three-fourths of absences among schoolchildren were due to viral illnesses.1 Hand hygiene is a simple intervention that has proven effective at reducing illness…

10.1542/6388094685112Video AbstractPEDS-VA_2025-0744936388094685112OBJECTIVES. Determine the effect of lower-extremity power training combined with interval treadmill training (PT3) on walking capacity and performance in children with cerebral palsy (CP).METHODS.…

10.1542/6388055738112Video AbstractPEDS-VA_2025-0722306388055738112OBJECTIVE. To assess whether a novel parent stress with nutrition vs nutrition alone intervention decreases early childhood obesity risk.METHODS. A prospective, parallel, 12-week randomized…

Hypoglycin A is a mitochondrial toxin found in unripe soapberry fruits such as ackee. This toxin disrupts fatty acid β-oxidation, leading to severe metabolic derangements. Although toxic exposure through ingestion has been well documented, transfer through…

10.1542/6382892274112Video AbstractPEDS-VA_2025-0709706382892274112OBJECTIVE. Disparities in early intervention (EI) use are well documented. We sought to determine the effects of family navigation (FN) on EI services use and child development among low-income…

Early intervention (EI) for infants with or at risk for developmental delay rests on the assumption that providing treatments and services as early as possible will optimize outcomes for children and families. However, research has consistently reported substantial…

10.1542/6386293119112Video AbstractPEDS-VA_2025-0714346386293119112OBJECTIVE. Pediatric mortality from conflict-related injuries exceeds that of adults. Understanding pediatric injury patterns and outcomes is critical for guiding resource allocation and training.…

The ethical considerations surrounding organ-preserving cardiopulmonary resuscitation (OP-CPR) in pediatric patients with brain death highlight tensions between preserving organ viability and respecting bodily integrity. This article explores these complexities…

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES. Cerebellar pathologies, especially cerebellar hemorrhage (CBH), in extremely preterm infants has been increasingly detected through cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI). We evaluated prevalence, associated risk factors, and…

“Has anyone spoken to family? Do they understand the terrible prognosis?”Diego, a three-year-old with trisomy 21, was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) after a near-drowning event requiring prolonged resuscitation. Concerns about cerebral…

This award holds meaning for me because of Dr. David Nichols’ lasting impact on the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. He was the architect of the Genes to Society curriculum and the visionary behind the Armstrong Education Building at the Johns Hopkins School…

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a life-threatening mucocutaneous disorder with rare but potentially fatal respiratory complications. We present an exceptional documented case of TEN with severe bronchial obstruction successfully treated with tocilizumab…

10.1542/6388055517112Video AbstractPEDS-VA_2025-0715606388055517112BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES. Children experience the highest impact from neighborhood violence (NV) exposure. Timely access to care has proven to mitigate these untoward effects. However, robust…

10.1542/6388088598112Video AbstractPEDS-VA_2025-0737306388088598112OBJECTIVE. Coccidioidomycosis (CM) is not as well described in children as it is in adults. The Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) system provides care within an endemic region for…

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE. Faltering weight (previously known as “failure to thrive”) is a condition characterized by poor weight gain and has varied underlying etiologies that may require distinct diagnostic evaluations. This technical report describes systematic…