*Paper I* *Polity* 🎓🍀🔥

1. Which one of the following is an extra-Constitutional body?
(A) Finance Commission
(B) NITI Aayog
(C) Election Commission
(D) Inter-State Council

Answer – (B)

2. Planning Commission was established by
(A) Issuing ordinance by the President
(B) Making a law by Parliament
(C) A special resolution passed by the federal cabinet
(D) None of the above

Answer – (C)

3. When was the Planning Commission established?
(A) 10th March, 1950
(B) 15th March, 1950
(C) 16th March, 1951
(D) 20th March, 1950

Answer – (B)

4. The Planning Commission has been abolished by Prime Minister
(A) Narendra Modi
(B) Morarji Desai
(C) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
(D) I.K. Gujral

Answer – (A)

5. Which one of the following is not a Constitutional body?
(A) Union Public Service Commission
(B) Finance Commission
(C) Planning Commission
(D) Election Commission

Answer – (C)

6. Who had suggested a merger of Finance and Planning Commission?
(A) D.D. Basu
(B) Bhalchandra Goswami
(C) M.V. Mathur
(D) Ashutosh Pandey

Answer – (C)

7. Who works as the Chairman of the Planning Commission?
(A) President
(B) Prime Minister
(C) Vice-President
(D) Governor of Reserve Bank

Answer – (B)

8. Who was the First Chairman of Planning Commission of India?
(A) M. Viswesvarya
(B) Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru
(C) P.C. Mahalanobis
(D) John Mathai

Answer – (B)

9. Which one of the following is not correct about NITI Aayog?
(A) It was set up to replace the Planning Commission
(B) It has a full time Chairman
(C) It was set up in January 2015
(D) It is based on the principle of Cooperative Federalism

Answer – (B)

10. The Ex-officio Chairman of Planning Commission is
(A) President
(B) Finance Minister
(C) Vice-President
(D) Prime Minister

Answer – (D)

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Hydrogen is considered one of the cleanest fuels for power generation when produced through renewable or low-carbon methods.
Hydrogen is an energy carrier rather than an energy source, meaning it must be produced from other primary sources of energy. The cleanliness of hydrogen as a fuel depends on how it is produced:
1. Clean Hydrogen: If hydrogen is produced using renewable energy sources, such as electrolysis powered by solar, wind, or hydroelectric power, it is considered "clean hydrogen." In this case, the production process has little to no greenhouse gas emissions, and the hydrogen can be a truly clean and sustainable fuel for power generation.
2. Grey Hydrogen: The majority of hydrogen produced today is "grey hydrogen," which is derived from natural gas through a process called steam methane reforming. This method releases carbon dioxide as a byproduct, making it a high-emission process.
3. Blue Hydrogen: "Blue hydrogen" is produced similarly to grey hydrogen, but it incorporates carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology to capture and store the carbon dioxide emissions, reducing the environmental impact.
4. Turquoise/Green-Blue Hydrogen: This term refers to hydrogen produced from natural gas with CCS, but with the additional use of renewable energy to power the CCS process. This hybrid approach reduces emissions compared to traditional grey hydrogen.
Clean hydrogen, when used in fuel cells or other efficient hydrogen-based power generation technologies, can produce electricity without emitting greenhouse gases or harmful air pollutants. It can play a vital role in decarbonizing various sectors, including electricity generation, transportation, and industrial processes.
It's important to note that the environmental benefits of hydrogen as a clean fuel depend on how it is produced. The transition to a hydrogen-based economy will require increasing the production of clean hydrogen through renewable and low-carbon pathways while reducing reliance on hydrogen from fossil fuel-based sources.

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#Environment #UGC #NET #JRF #forward

🛑Millets are often referred to as Superfood and its production can be seen as an approach for sustainable agriculture and a healthy world.

Millets in India: The three major millet crops currently grown in India are jowar (sorghum), bajra (pearl millet) and ragi (finger millet).

Bio-genetically: India grows a rich array of bio-genetically diverse and indigenous varieties of “small millets” like kodo, kutki, chenna and sanwa.

Nutritional superiority: Millets are less expensive and nutritionally superior to wheat & rice owing to their high protein, fiber, vitamins and minerals like iron content.

Rich in calcium: Millets are also rich in calcium and magnesium.

🔵Major producers:
🔸Rajasthan
🔸Andhra Pradesh
🔸Telangana
🔸Karnataka
🔸Tamil Nadu
🔸Maharashtra
🔸Gujarat
🔸Haryana

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*शिक्षणशास्त्र पेपर 2 पुस्तके*
*संकलन - प्रा. माधव सावळे*

(1) शिक्षणाचे तात्विक व समाजशास्त्रीय अधिष्ठान - म बा कुंडले
(2) प्रगत शैक्षणिक तत्वज्ञान - डॉ अरविंद दुनाखे
(3) शैक्षणिक मानसशास्त्र - डॉ ह ना जगताप
(4) शैक्षणिक संशोधन पद्धती बन्सी बिहारी पंडित
(5) शैक्षणिक मार्गदर्शन व समुपदेशन - डॉ मेघा गुळवणी
(6) शिक्षणातील आधुनिक विचारप्रवाह डॉ नीलिमा सप्रे
(7) विशेष शिक्षण एम एस सी ई आर टी च्या पुस्तिका
( (9) शिक्षणशास्त्र सेट मी होणारच डॉ कृष्णा पाटील, प्रा राहुल चित्रकार -
8) जिल्हा शिक्षण व प्रशिक्षण संस्था- डॉ शशिकांत अन्नदाते
(10) शिक्षणशास्त्र नेट सेट डॉ संजीवनी कदम
(11) बालमानसशास्त्र - डॉ शशिकांत अन्नदाते

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जॉईन करा सेट अपडेट्स आणि सर्वांना पाठवा

*सेट अपडेट्स*
https://chat.whatsapp.com/LxWHKMCAwNtG3pLAzyKA66

🌍Organization & Headquarters

❇️UNO New York (USA)

❇️UNICEF New York (USA)

❇️UNCTAD Geneva (Switzerland)

❇️WHO Geneva (Switzerland)

❇️ILO Geneva (Switzerland)

❇️ICRC Geneva (Switzerland)

❇️WTO Geneva (Switzerland)

❇️UNESCO Paris (France)

❇️WMO Geneva (Switzerland)

❇️WIPO Geneva (Switzerland)

❇️IOS Geneva (Switzerland)

❇️IAEA Vienna (Austria)

❇️OPEC Vienna (Austria)

❇️IMF Washington DC (USA)

❇️WB Washington DC (USA)

❇️IMO London (UK)

❇️AI London (UK)

❇️ICJ The Hague (Netherlands)

❇️FAO Rome (Italy)

❇️NATO Brussels (Belgium)

❇️IRENA Abu Dhabi (UAE)

❇️SAARC Kathmandu (Nepal)

❇️ASEAN Jakarta (Indonesia)

❇️APEC Singapore

❇️OIC Jeddah (Saudi Arabia)

❇️OPCW The Hague (Netherlands)

❇️WWF Gland, Vaud (Switzerland)

❇️WEF Cologny, (Switzerland)

❇️IHO Monaco

❇️ICC Dubai, (UAE)

❇️IUCN Gland, (Switzerland)

❇️ICOMOS Paris, (France)

❇️UNWTO Madrid, (Spain)

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जॉईन करा सेट अपडेट्स आणि सर्वांना पाठवा

*सेट अपडेट्स*
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🔶सम्मेलन (Conferences)

सम्मेलन एक औपचारिक बैठक को संदर्भित करता है, जहाँ प्रतिभागी विभिन्न विषयों पर सूचनाओं एवं विचारों का आदान-प्रदान करते हैं। इसके द्वारा सदस्य या प्रतिभागी अपनी व्यक्तिगत एवं सामूहिक समस्याओं पर विचार करते हैं।
यह एक प्रकार के बड़े समूह की सभा होती है, जहाँ सदस्य आपस में विचारों का आदान-प्रदान एवं अपने ज्ञान का संग्रहण करते हैं। प्रतिभागियों (Participants) के समूह द्वारा सम्मेलन के उद्देश्य व कार्यप्रणाली को समूह के वरिष्ठ व्यक्ति या नेता द्वारा स्पष्ट किया जाता है। उच्च शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में अधिगम के लिये एक महत्त्वपूर्ण विधि है। शोधकर्त्ता (अनुसंधानकर्त्ता) इसके द्वारा अनुसंधान के क्षेत्र में संज्ञानात्मक (ज्ञानात्मक) एवं भावनात्मक उद्देश्यों की प्राप्ति करता है। सम्मेलन के द्वारा विचारों और मुद्दों की व्यापक रेंज को संभव बनाया जा सकता है।

▪️सम्मेलन के प्रकार (Type of Conferences)
सम्मेलन के तीन प्रकार होते हैं

• क्षेत्रीय सम्मेलन (Regional Conference ) : क्षेत्रीय समस्याओं के संदर्भ में सम्मेलन का आयोजन।
• राष्ट्रीय सम्मेलन (National Conference): राष्ट्र संबंधी विषयों, जैसे- धार्मिक, सामाजिक, शैक्षिक आदि पर सम्मेलन का आयोजन।
• समान विचारधारा वाले लोगों से मिलने व बातचीत करने का अवसर मिलता है।
• संयम, धैर्य, कार्य कुशलता तथा सहनशीलता जैसे गुणों का विकास होता है।
• अनुसंधान संबंधी समस्याओं के प्रत्येक पक्ष का स्पष्ट निरूपण होता है।
• सहयोगात्मक भावना द्वारा समस्या समाधान की क्षमताओं का विकास होता है।

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★ युजीसी नेट सेट जेआरएफ ★ ©️Prof. Madhav Sawale

☞ युजीसी नेट जूनियर रिसर्च फैलोशिप (जेआरएफ) और असिस्टेंट प्रोफेसर खोज योग्यता परीक्षा (यूजीसी नेट) भारत में विश्वसनीयता और अध्यापन क्षमता को मापने के लिए एक महत्वपूर्ण परीक्षा है।
☞ यह परीक्षा विभिन्न विषयों में प्रतिष्ठितता प्राप्त करने और शोध क्षेत्र में काम करने के इच्छुक उम्मीदवारों को एक अवसर प्रदान करती है।
☞ यूजीसी नेट परीक्षा राष्ट्रीय पात्रता प्राप्त करने वाले उम्मीदवारों को विशेष विषयों में व्यापक ज्ञान और स्थानीय और राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर शोध करने के लिए एक प्लेटफ़ॉर्म प्रदान करती है।
☞ इस परीक्षा को उत्तीर्ण करने वाले उम्मीदवार जूनियर रिसर्च फैलोशिप और असिस्टेंट प्रोफेसर के पदों के लिए पात्र होते हैं।

UGC NET JRF Exam ©️Prof. Madhav Sawale
☞The University Grants Commission National Eligibility Test (UGC NET) Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) is a prestigious examination conducted in India to determine eligibility for Assistant Professorship and awarding Junior Research Fellowships in various disciplines.
☞UGC NET JRF is a rigorous examination aimed at assessing candidates' knowledge, research aptitude, and teaching abilities.
☞The examination comprises objective-type questions designed to evaluate candidates' understanding of their respective fields, research methodologies, and their ability to critically analyze information.
☞Qualifying for the UGC NET JRF not only opens doors for pursuing research in one's chosen field but also provides opportunities for candidates to pursue a career in academia as an Assistant Professor in universities and colleges across India.
☞Successful candidates are awarded a Junior Research Fellowship that enables them to pursue advanced studies and research in their respective disciplines. This fellowship also offers financial support to aid in their research endeavors.
☞Preparing for the UGC NET JRF demands dedication, comprehensive subject knowledge, critical thinking skills, and a thorough understanding of the exam pattern and syllabus. Candidates often engage in rigorous study routines, solve previous years' question papers, and stay updated with the latest developments in their fields to excel in this competitive examination.
☞ Overall, UGC NET JRF serves as a gateway for aspiring academics and researchers to further their careers and contribute meaningfully to the academic community and the advancement of knowledge in their respective domains.

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