Q- INFLIBNET Centre, which is an autonomous Inter‐University Centre of the University Grants Commission, maintains


1-Swayam Prabha
2-e‐Pathshala
3-e‐Gyankosh
4-Shodhganga


Correct Answer:‐ 1- Swayam Prabha

Explanation- Information and Library Network Centre is an organisation that promotes and facilitates libraries and information resources for Indian further education. Its premises are in Gandhinagar, Gujarat. The Centre started in March 1991 as a project under the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics. This is an autonomous Inter‐University Centre of the University Grants Commission, maintained by Swayam Prabha which is an initiative of the Ministry of Human Resources Development to provide 32 High-Quality Educational Channels through DTH (Direct to home).

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United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) was the result of deliberations held during

1. Human Environmental Conference at Stockholm in 1972
2. Earth Summit at Rio de Janeiro in 1992
3. Montreal Protocol 1987
4. Kyoto Protocol 1997

Correct Answer:‐ Human Environmental Conference at Stockholm in 1972
Explanation– The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is the leading environmental authority in the United Nations system. UNEP uses its expertise to strengthen environmental standards and practices while helping implement environmental obligations at the country, regional and global levels. UNEP’s mission is to provide leadership and encourage partnership in caring for the environment by inspiring, informing, and enabling nations and peoples to improve their quality of life without compromising that of future generations. UNEP re-organised its work programme into six strategic areas as part of its move to results-based management. The selection of six areas of concentration was guided by scientific evidence, the UNEP mandate and priorities emerging from global and regional forums.

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*Paper I* *Polity* 🎓🍀🔥

1. Which one of the following is an extra-Constitutional body?
(A) Finance Commission
(B) NITI Aayog
(C) Election Commission
(D) Inter-State Council

Answer – (B)

2. Planning Commission was established by
(A) Issuing ordinance by the President
(B) Making a law by Parliament
(C) A special resolution passed by the federal cabinet
(D) None of the above

Answer – (C)

3. When was the Planning Commission established?
(A) 10th March, 1950
(B) 15th March, 1950
(C) 16th March, 1951
(D) 20th March, 1950

Answer – (B)

4. The Planning Commission has been abolished by Prime Minister
(A) Narendra Modi
(B) Morarji Desai
(C) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
(D) I.K. Gujral

Answer – (A)

5. Which one of the following is not a Constitutional body?
(A) Union Public Service Commission
(B) Finance Commission
(C) Planning Commission
(D) Election Commission

Answer – (C)

6. Who had suggested a merger of Finance and Planning Commission?
(A) D.D. Basu
(B) Bhalchandra Goswami
(C) M.V. Mathur
(D) Ashutosh Pandey

Answer – (C)

7. Who works as the Chairman of the Planning Commission?
(A) President
(B) Prime Minister
(C) Vice-President
(D) Governor of Reserve Bank

Answer – (B)

8. Who was the First Chairman of Planning Commission of India?
(A) M. Viswesvarya
(B) Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru
(C) P.C. Mahalanobis
(D) John Mathai

Answer – (B)

9. Which one of the following is not correct about NITI Aayog?
(A) It was set up to replace the Planning Commission
(B) It has a full time Chairman
(C) It was set up in January 2015
(D) It is based on the principle of Cooperative Federalism

Answer – (B)

10. The Ex-officio Chairman of Planning Commission is
(A) President
(B) Finance Minister
(C) Vice-President
(D) Prime Minister

Answer – (D)

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Hydrogen is considered one of the cleanest fuels for power generation when produced through renewable or low-carbon methods.
Hydrogen is an energy carrier rather than an energy source, meaning it must be produced from other primary sources of energy. The cleanliness of hydrogen as a fuel depends on how it is produced:
1. Clean Hydrogen: If hydrogen is produced using renewable energy sources, such as electrolysis powered by solar, wind, or hydroelectric power, it is considered "clean hydrogen." In this case, the production process has little to no greenhouse gas emissions, and the hydrogen can be a truly clean and sustainable fuel for power generation.
2. Grey Hydrogen: The majority of hydrogen produced today is "grey hydrogen," which is derived from natural gas through a process called steam methane reforming. This method releases carbon dioxide as a byproduct, making it a high-emission process.
3. Blue Hydrogen: "Blue hydrogen" is produced similarly to grey hydrogen, but it incorporates carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology to capture and store the carbon dioxide emissions, reducing the environmental impact.
4. Turquoise/Green-Blue Hydrogen: This term refers to hydrogen produced from natural gas with CCS, but with the additional use of renewable energy to power the CCS process. This hybrid approach reduces emissions compared to traditional grey hydrogen.
Clean hydrogen, when used in fuel cells or other efficient hydrogen-based power generation technologies, can produce electricity without emitting greenhouse gases or harmful air pollutants. It can play a vital role in decarbonizing various sectors, including electricity generation, transportation, and industrial processes.
It's important to note that the environmental benefits of hydrogen as a clean fuel depend on how it is produced. The transition to a hydrogen-based economy will require increasing the production of clean hydrogen through renewable and low-carbon pathways while reducing reliance on hydrogen from fossil fuel-based sources.

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