DOACs (Direct Oral Anticoagulants)
1οΈβ£ Direct thrombin inhibitor
β’ Dabigatran
π Blocks thrombin (factor IIa)
βΈ»
2οΈβ£ Factor Xa inhibitors
β’ Rivaroxaban
β’ Apixaban
β’ Edoxaban
π Block factor Xa β prevent clot formation
βΈ»
π§ Simple classification Drug Mechanism
Dabigatran
Thrombin (IIa) inhibitor
Rivaroxaban
Factor Xa inhibitor
Apixaban
Factor Xa inhibitor
Edoxaban
Factor Xa inhibitor
Common uses
β’ Atrial Fibrillation (stroke prevention)
β’ Deep Vein Thrombosis
β’ Pulmonary Embolism
βΈ»
β οΈ Important notes
β’ Do not require INR monitoring (unlike warfarin)
β’ Faster onset and fewer interactions
β’ Adjust dose in renal impairment
βΈ»
β Quick memory tip
π βXa-ban drugs block Xaβ
β’ rivaroxaban
β’ apixaban
β’ edoxaban
1οΈβ£ Direct thrombin inhibitor
β’ Dabigatran
π Blocks thrombin (factor IIa)
βΈ»
2οΈβ£ Factor Xa inhibitors
β’ Rivaroxaban
β’ Apixaban
β’ Edoxaban
π Block factor Xa β prevent clot formation
βΈ»
π§ Simple classification Drug Mechanism
Dabigatran
Thrombin (IIa) inhibitor
Rivaroxaban
Factor Xa inhibitor
Apixaban
Factor Xa inhibitor
Edoxaban
Factor Xa inhibitor
Common uses
β’ Atrial Fibrillation (stroke prevention)
β’ Deep Vein Thrombosis
β’ Pulmonary Embolism
βΈ»
β οΈ Important notes
β’ Do not require INR monitoring (unlike warfarin)
β’ Faster onset and fewer interactions
β’ Adjust dose in renal impairment
βΈ»
β Quick memory tip
π βXa-ban drugs block Xaβ
β’ rivaroxaban
β’ apixaban
β’ edoxaban
Calcium in lab exams
Total calcium
β’ 8.5 β 10.5 mg/dL
(β 2.1 β 2.6 mmol/L)
Ionized calcium (free calcium)
β’ 4.4 β 5.4 mg/dL
(β 1.1 β 1.35 mmol/L)
π This is the most important clinically
Non-ionized calcium
This includes:
β’ Protein-bound + complexed calcium
π Rough estimate:
β’ β 4 β 5 mg/dL
Total calcium
β’ 8.5 β 10.5 mg/dL
(β 2.1 β 2.6 mmol/L)
Ionized calcium (free calcium)
β’ 4.4 β 5.4 mg/dL
(β 1.1 β 1.35 mmol/L)
π This is the most important clinically
Non-ionized calcium
This includes:
β’ Protein-bound + complexed calcium
π Rough estimate:
β’ β 4 β 5 mg/dL