A Nationwide Cohort Study of the Association Between #Hospitalization With Infection and Risk of Death by #Suicide

http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/mobile/article.aspx?articleid=2542681

Conclusions and Relevance An increased risk of death by suicide was found among individuals hospitalized with infection in prospective and dose-response relationships. These findings indicate that infections may have a relevant role in the pathophysiological mechanisms of suicidal behavior.

#Hypnotic Medications and #Suicide: Risk, Mechanisms, Mitigation, and the FDA

http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/abs/10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16030336

The review findings indicate that hypnotic medications are associated with suicidal ideation. Future studies should be designed to assess whether increases in suicidality result from CNS impairments from a given hypnotic medication or whether such medication decreases suicidality because of improvements in insomnia.

Acute #Coronary Syndrome and #Suicide: A Case‐Referent Study

http://jaha.ahajournals.org/content/5/12/e003998

ACS patients are at an increased risk of suicide compared with otherwise healthy people. The risk of suicide is particularly high in the 6 months after ACS diagnosis. Our results suggest that we need to identify efficacious methods to recognize those at risk for suicide and to develop effective interventions to prevent such deaths.

Association of Risk of #Suicide Attempts With #Methylphenidate Treatment
http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/2645499

Patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at an increased risk of attempting suicide. Stimulants, such as methylphenidate hydrochloride, are the most common treatment for ADHD, but the association between their therapeutic use and suicide is unclear.

Conclusions and Relevance The incidence of suicide attempts was higher in the period immediately before the start of methylphenidate treatment. The risk remained elevated immediately after the start of methylphenidate treatment and returned to baseline levels during continuation of methylphenidate treatment. The observed higher risk of suicide attempts before treatment may reflect emerging psychiatric symptoms that trigger medical consultations that result in a decision to begin ADHD treatment.

Therefore, this study’s results do not support a causal association between methylphenidate treatment and suicide attempts

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Higher #temperatures increase #suicide rates in the United States and Mexico

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-018-0222-x


Using comprehensive data from multiple decades for both the United States and Mexico, we find that suicide rates rise 0.7% in US counties and 2.1% in Mexican municipalities for a 1 °C increase in monthly average temperature. This effect is similar in hotter versus cooler regions and has not diminished over time, indicating limited historical adaptation.

Analysis of depressive language in >600 million social media updates further suggests that mental well-being deteriorates during warmer periods. We project that unmitigated climate change (RCP8.5) could result in a combined 9–40 thousand additional suicides (95% confidence interval) across the United States and Mexico by 2050, representing a change in suicide rates comparable to the estimated impact of economic recessions, suicide prevention programmes or gun restriction laws.

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#diabetic patients are more at risk of death from alcohol, accidents and #suicide

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-10/esoe-dpa100918.php

Diabetic patients are more likely to die from alcohol-related factors, accidents or suicide, according to a study published in the European Journal of Endocrinology. The study findings suggest that the increased risk of death from these causes may be related to the mental health of patients, which may be adversely affected by the psychological burden of living with and self-treating this debilitating disease, with potentially serious complications.

Type-1 and type-2 diabetes are highly prevalent global diseases, causing millions of deaths every year. It is well known that diabetic patients have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease, cancer and kidney disorders, which can lead to earlier death. However, more recently diabetes has been linked to an increased risk of depression but how poor mental health may affect patients with diabetes has not been fully investigated.

Prof Leo Niskanen states, "This study has highlighted that there is a need for effective psychological support for people with diabetes. If they feel like they are under a heavy mental burden or consider that their use of alcohol is excessive, they should not hesitate to discuss these issues with their primary care physician. There are many ways that these problems can be managed, provided they are communicated."

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Association between suicidal #ideation and #suicide: meta-analyses of odds ratios, sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bjpsych-open/article/association-between-suicidal-ideation-and-suicide-metaanalyses-of-odds-ratios-sensitivity-specificity-and-positive-predictive-value/D8A8A76A4AC052EEAF34E7EF44E20013

The expression of suicidal ideation is considered to be an important warning sign for suicide. However, the predictive properties of suicidal ideation as a test of later suicide are unclear.

The pooled sensitivity of suicidal ideation for later suicide was 41% (95% CI 35–48) and the pooled specificity was 86% (95% CI 76–92), with high between-study heterogeneity. Studies of suicidal ideation expressed by current and former psychiatric patients had a significantly higher pooled sensitivity (46% v. 22%) and lower pooled specificity (81% v. 96%) than studies conducted in non-psychiatric settings. The PPV among non-psychiatric cohorts (0.3%, 95% CI 0.1%–0.5%) was significantly lower (Q-value = 35.6, P < 0.001) than among psychiatric samples (3.9%, 95% CI 2.2–6.6).

Conclusions
Estimates of the extent of the association between suicidal ideation and later suicide are limited by unexplained between-study heterogeneity. The utility of suicidal ideation as a test for later suicide is limited by a modest sensitivity and low PPV.

Association Between Parental Medical Claims for #Opioid Prescriptions and Risk of #Suicide Attempt by Their Children

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/2733148

Of the children with parents who did not use opioids, 212 (0.14%) attempted suicide; of the children with parents who did use opioids, 678 (0.37%) attempted suicide. Parental use of opioids was associated with a doubling of the risk of a suicide attempt by their offspring (odds ratio OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.71-2.33). The association remained significant after adjusting for child age and sex (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.58-2.17), addition of child and parental depression and diagnoses of substance use disorder (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.24-1.72), and addition of parental history of suicide attempt (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.23-1.71). Geographical variation in opioid use did not change the association (OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.71-2.34).

Conclusions and Relevance Children of parents who use prescription opioids are at increased risk for suicide attempts, which could be a contributing factor to the time trend in adolescent suicidality. The care of families with a parent who uses opioids should include mental health screening of their children.

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Association of #Restless Legs Syndrome With Risk of #Suicide and Self-harm

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2748664

Among 169 373 participants in the current analysis, the mean (SD) age was 49.4 (9.1) years; 53 426 (31.5%) participants were men. During a mean (SD) follow-up duration of 5.2 (2.2) years, 119 incident suicide and self-harm cases were identified. Individuals with RLS had a higher risk of suicide or self-harm compared with those without RLS (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.70-4.15), after adjusting for lifestyle factors (eg, alcohol and obesity), presence of chronic diseases (eg, depression, insomnia, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, peripheral neuropathy, iron-deficiency anemia, and Parkinson disease), and use of medications. Excluding those with depression, insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, and other common chronic conditions, the significant association between RLS and suicide or self-harm persisted (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.14; 95% CI, 2.17-7.92).

Conclusions and Relevance Restless legs syndrome was associated with a high risk of suicide and self-harm, and the risk was independent of most identified diseases and conditions.

Death rates due to #Suicide or #Homicide Among persons aged 10-24 : United States 2000-2017

Key findings

Data from the National Vital Statistics System

After stable trends from 2000 to 2007, suicide rates for persons aged 10–24 increased from 2007 (6.8 per 100,000 persons) to 2017 (10.6), while homicide rates declined from 2007 to 2014 and then increased through 2017.

The suicide rate for persons aged 10–14 declined from 2000 (1.5) to 2007 (0.9), and then nearly tripled from 2007 to 2017 (2.5), while the homicide rate declined 18% from 2000 (1.1) to 2017 (0.9).

For persons aged 15–19 and 20–24, suicide and homicide death rates both increased more recently during the 2000–2017 period, with the increase in suicide rates beginning earlier than for homicide rates.

For the total age group 10–24 and for persons aged 15–19 and 20–24, suicide rates surpassed homicide rates during the latter part of the
2000–2017 period.

https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db352.htm

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A Comparison of #Suicide Risk #Scales in Predicting Repeat Suicide Attempt and Suicide: A Clinical Cohort Study

To compare the predictive accuracy of the Suicide Intent Scale (SIS), the Suicide Assessment Scale (SUAS), the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale (KIVS), and the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) for suicide attempts and suicides within 3 and 12 months of an episode of self-harm.

At least 1 suicide attempt was recorded for 216 participants during follow-up, and 19 participants died by suicide. The SUAS and C-SSRS were better than chance in classifying the 114 suicide attempts occurring within the first 3 months; a C-SSRS score ≥ 27 yielded a sensitivity/specificity of 79.8%/51.5% (P < .001). During 1-year follow-up, the SUAS and C-SSRS also performed better than chance, but no cutoff on either instrument gave a sensitivity/specificity of ≥ 80%/≥ 50%. The SIS was the only instrument that could classify suicides correctly. At 3 months, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.89–0.99), and a score ≥ 21 predicted suicide with a sensitivity/specificity of 100%/81.9%, based on only 4 suicides. At 1-year follow-up, the AUC was 0.74 (95% CI, 0.61–0.87), and a score ≥ 17 predicted suicide with a sensitivity/specificity of 72.2%/57.9%.

Conclusions: Instruments that predicted nonfatal repeat suicide attempts did not predict suicide and vice versa. With the possible exception of the prediction of suicide by the SIS in a short time frame, the specificity of these instruments was low, giving them a limited relevance in the prediction of suicidal behaviors.

https://www.psychiatrist.com/JCP/article/Pages/2019/v80/18m12707.aspx

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Effects of increased minimum #wages by unemployment rate on #suicide in the USA

..The effect of a US$1 increase in the minimum wage ranged from a 3.4% decrease (95% CI 0.4 to 6.4) to a 5.9% decrease (95% CI 1.4 to 10.2) in the suicide rate among adults aged 18–64 years with a high school education or less. We detected significant effect modification by unemployment rate, with the largest effects of minimum wage on reducing suicides observed at higher unemployment levels.

Conclusion Minimum wage increases appear to reduce the suicide rate among those with a high school education or less, and may reduce disparities between socioeconomic groups. Effects appear greatest during periods of high unemployment.

https://bit.ly/37QeH01

#Alcohol Use Disorder and Risk of #Suicide in a Swedish Population-Based Cohort
https://2medical.news/2020/03/25/alcohol-use-disorder-and-risk-of-suicide-in-a-swedish-population-based-cohort/

..The lifetime rate of suicide during the observation period was 3.54% for women and 3.94% for men with AUD, compared with 0.29% and 0.76% of women and men, respectively, without AUD. In adjusted analyses, AUD remained robustly associated with suicide: hazard ratios across observation periods ranged from 2.61 to 128.0 among women and from 2.44 to 28.0 among men. Co-relative analyses indicated that familial confounding …

Google searches for #suicide and suicide risk factors in the early stages of the #COVID-19 pandemic
https://2medical.news/2020/08/06/google-searches-for-suicide-and-suicide-risk-factors-in-the-early-stages-of-the-covid-19-pandemic/

A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which causes the COVID-19 respiratory illness, emerged in December of 2019 and has since spread globally. The dramatic lifestyle changes and stressors associated with this pandemic pose a threat to mental health and have the potential to exacerbate risk factors for suicide. We used autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models to assess Google Trends data representing searches in the United States …

‘Death by 1000 Cuts’: Medscape National #Physician #Burnout & #Suicide Report 2021

https://2medical.news/2024/05/27/death-by-1000-cuts-medscape-national-physician-burnout-suicide-report-2021/

National Trends in Emergency Department Visits for #Suicide Attempts and Intentional #Self-Harm

https://2medical.news/2024/06/26/national-trends-in-emergency-department-visits-for-suicide-attempts-and-intentional-self-harm/