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Aldo Lorenzetti M.D, Internal Medicine & Hepatology, Milano - SIMEDET Delegate
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Personalized Prediction of #Cardiovascular Benefits and Bleeding Harms From #Aspirin for Primary Prevention: A Benefit–Harm Analysis

https://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/2751452/personalized-prediction-cardiovascular-benefits-bleeding-harms-from-aspirin-primary-prevention

2.5% of women and 12.1% of men were likely to have a net benefit from aspirin treatment for 5 years if 1 CVD event was assumed to be equivalent in severity to 1 major bleed, increasing to 21.4% of women and 40.7% of men if 1 CVD event was assumed to be equivalent to 2 major bleeds. Net benefit subgroups had higher baseline CVD risk, higher levels of most established CVD risk factors, and lower levels of bleeding-specific risk factors than net harm subgroups.

For some persons without CVD, aspirin is likely to result in net benefit
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#Ticagrelor with or without #Aspirin in High-Risk Patients after #PCI

https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1908419

Monotherapy with a P2Y12 inhibitor after a minimum period of dual antiplatelet therapy is an emerging approach to reduce the risk of bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

..The difference in risk between the groups was similar for BARC type 3 or 5 bleeding (incidence, 1.0% among patients receiving ticagrelor plus placebo and 2.0% among patients receiving ticagrelor plus aspirin; hazard ratio, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.74). The incidence of death from any cause, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke was 3.9% in both groups (difference, −0.06 percentage points; 95% CI, −0.97 to 0.84; hazard ratio, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.78 to 1.25; P<0.001 for noninferiority).

CONCLUSIONS
Among high-risk patients who underwent PCI and completed 3 months of dual antiplatelet therapy, ticagrelor monotherapy was associated with a lower incidence of clinically relevant bleeding than ticagrelor plus aspirin, with no higher risk of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke
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#Aspirin for primary #prevention of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis with a particular focus on subgroups

..major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)

..Aspirin use did not translate into a net clinical benefit adjusted for event-associated mortality risk (mean 0.034%; 95% CI, − 0.18 to 0.25%). There was an interaction for aspirin effect in three patient subgroups: (i) in patients under statin treatment, aspirin was associated with a 12% RRR of MACE (RR 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80–0.96), and this effect was lacking in the no-statin group; (ii) in non-smokers, aspirin was associated with a 10% RRR of MACE (RR 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82–0.99), and this effect was not present in smokers; and (iii) in males, aspirin use resulted in a 11% RRR of MACE (RR 0.89; 95% CI, 0.83–0.95), with a non-significant effect in females.

Conclusions
Aspirin use does not reduce all-cause or cardiovascular mortality and results in an insufficient benefit-risk ratio for CVD primary prevention. Non-smokers, patients treated with statins, and males had the greatest risk reduction of MACE across subgroups.

https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-019-1428-0
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Low‐Dose #Aspirin for Primary Prevention of #Cardiovascular Disease: Use Patterns and Impact Across Race and Ethnicity in the Southern Community Cohort Study

..Over a median follow‐up of 11.3 years, low‐dose aspirin use was associated with a trend toward decreased risk of ischemic cardiac death in white participants (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.86; 95% CI, 0.68–1.10), especially in women (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.72; 95% CI, 0.51–1.02), but not in black participants (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.18; 95% CI, 0.98–1.40). Similar trends were observed when the analysis was restricted to high‐risk individuals aged 50 to 69 or 50 to 59 years, ages for which guidelines consider aspirin for CVD primary prevention.

Conclusions
Low‐dose aspirin use for primary prevention of CVD is lower among black than white patients. Its use might be associated with a disparate impact on ischemic cardiac death according to race and ethnicity. Although additional studies are required, these findings provide no evidence of a beneficial effect of aspirin among black patients for CVD primary prevention.

https://bit.ly/38rArAl
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#Aspirin and #fracture risk: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis of observational studies

This review provides insights into the potential for aspirin to preserve bone mineral density (BMD) and reduce fracture risk, building knowledge of the risk-benefit profile of aspirin.

..Aspirin use was associated with a 17% lower odds for any fracture (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.99; I2=71%; six studies; n=511 390). Aspirin was associated with a higher total hip BMD for women (SMD 0.03, 95% CI −0.02 to 0.07; I2=0%; three studies; n=9686) and men (SMD 0.06, 95% CI −0.02 to 0.13, I2=0%; two studies; n=4137) although these associations were not significant. Similar results were observed for lumbar spine BMD in women (SMD 0.03, 95% CI −0.03 to 0.09; I2=34%; four studies; n=11 330) and men (SMD 0.08; 95% CI −0.01 to 0.18; one study; n=432).

Conclusions While the benefits of reduced fracture risk and higher BMD from aspirin use may be modest for individuals, if confirmed in prospective controlled trials, they may confer a large population benefit given the common use of aspirin in older people.

https://bit.ly/2VnYufh
Clinical Effectiveness and Safety of #Aspirin for Venous #Thromboembolism Prophylaxis After Total Hip and Knee Replacement
https://2medical.news/2020/03/12/clinical-effectiveness-and-safety-of-aspirin-for-venous-thromboembolism-prophylaxis-after-total-hip-and-knee-replacement/

Patients undergoing total hip replacement (THR) and total knee replacement (TKR) receive venous thromboembolism (VTE) pharmacoprophylaxis. It is unclear which anticoagulant is preferable. Observational data suggest aspirin provides effective VTE prophylaxis.. ..The RR of VTE after THR and TKR was 1.12 (95% CI, 0.78-1.62) for aspirin compared with other anticoagulants. Comparable findings were observed for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (RR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.72-1.51) and …
Clinical Influence of Nonadherence With Prophylactic #Aspirin in Preventing #Preeclampsia in High-Risk Pregnancies
https://2medical.news/2020/03/13/clinical-influence-of-nonadherence-with-prophylactic-aspirin-in-preventing-preeclampsia-in-high-risk-pregnancies/

..Women with inadequate adherence had higher incidence of early-onset preeclampsia (17% versus 2%; odds ratio [OR], 1.9 [95% CI, 1.1–8.7]; P=0.04), late-onset preeclampsia (41% versus 5%; OR, 4.2 [95% CI, 1.4–19.8]; P=0.04), intrauterine growth restriction (29% versus 5%; OR, 5.8; [95% CI, 1.2–8.3]; P=0.001), preterm delivery (27% versus 10%; OR, 5.2 [95% CI, 1.5–8.7]; P=0.008), and higher likelihood of increase in antihypertensives antenatally (60% versus …
#Aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, part 2
https://2medical.news/2020/04/01/aspirin-for-primary-prevention-of-cardiovascular-disease-part-2/

..ASPREE study suggests no benefit from aspirin in primary prevention ASPREE randomized 19,114 healthy people 70 or over (65 or over for African Americans and Hispanics) to receive either 100 milligrams of enteric-coated aspirin or placebo. After an average of almost five years, there was no significant difference in the rate of fatal coronary heart disease, heart attack, stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. There …
#Coronary Artery Calcium for Personalized Allocation of #Aspirin in Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in 2019: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
https://2medical.news/2020/04/15/coronary-artery-calcium-for-personalized-allocation-of-aspirin-in-primary-prevention-of-cardiovascular-disease-in-2019-the-multi-ethnic-study-of-atherosclerosis-mesa/

..The present study aimed to assess the value of coronary artery calcium (CAC) for guiding aspirin allocation for primary prevention using 2019 aspirin meta-analysis data on CVD relative risk reduction (RRR) and bleeding risk ..Only 5% of MESA participants would qualify for aspirin consideration for primary prevention according to ACC/AHA guidelines and using >20% estimated ASCVD risk to define “higher risk”. Benefit/harm calculations were restricted …
#Aspirin with or without #Clopidogrel after Transcatheter Aortic- #Valve Implantation
https://2medical.news/2020/09/03/aspirin-with-or-without-clopidogrel-after-transcatheter-aortic-valve-implantation/

The effect of single as compared with dual antiplatelet treatment on bleeding and thromboembolic events after transcatheter aortic-valve implantation (TAVI) in patients who do not have an indication for long-term anticoagulation has not been well studied.. ..A total of 331 patients were assigned to receive aspirin alone and 334 were assigned to receive aspirin plus clopidogrel. A bleeding event occurred in 50 patients (15.1%) receiving …
#Aspirin use and risk of #breast cancer in African American women
https://2medical.news/2020/09/18/aspirin-use-and-risk-of-breast-cancer-in-african-american-women/

Use of aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been hypothesized to be associated with reduced risk of breast cancer; however, results of epidemiological studies have been mixed. Few studies have investigated these associations among African American women.. To assess the relation of aspirin use to risk of breast cancer in African American women, we conducted a prospective analysis within the Black Women’s Health …
#ASPIRIN AND THE RISK OF NON‐DIGESTIVE TRACT CANCERS: AN UPDATED META‐ANALYSIS TO 2019
https://2medical.news/2020/10/06/aspirin-and-the-risk-of-non%E2%80%90digestive-tract-cancers-an-updated-meta%E2%80%90analysis-to-2019/

Aspirin has been associated to a reduced risk of colorectal and other selected digestive tract cancers, but the evidence other neoplasms is still controversial. In order to provide an up‐to‐date quantification of the role of aspirin on lung, breast, endometrium, ovary, prostate, bladder, and kidney cancer, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of all observational studies published up to March 2019. We estimated pooled …
#Ticagrelor Added to #Aspirin in Acute Ischemic #Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack in Prevention of Disabling Stroke A Randomized Clinical Trial
https://2medical.news/2020/11/11/ticagrelor-added-to-aspirin-in-acute-ischemic-stroke-or-transient-ischemic-attack-in-prevention-of-disabling-stroke-a-randomized-clinical-trial/

Reduction of subsequent disabling stroke is the main goal of preventive treatment in the acute setting after transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor ischemic stroke.. ..Ticagrelor (180-mg loading dose on day 1 followed by 90 mg twice daily for days 2-30) or placebo within 24 hours of symptom onset. All patients received aspirin, 300 to 325 mg on day 1 followed by 75 to 100 …
2021 The Effect of Preconception-Initiated Low-Dose #Aspirin on Human Chorionic Gonadotropin–Detected Pregnancy, #Pregnancy Loss, and Live Birth
https://2medical.news/2021/01/29/2021-the-effect-of-preconception-initiated-low-dose-aspirin-on-human-chorionic-gonadotropin-detected-pregnancy-pregnancy-loss-and-live-birth/

A previous large randomized trial indicated that preconception-initiated low-dose aspirin (LDA) therapy did not have a positive effect on pregnancy outcomes. However, this trial was subject to nonadherence, which was not taken into account by the intention-to-treat approach.. ..Relative to placebo, adhering to LDA for 5 of 7 days per week led to 8 more hCG-detected pregnancies (95% CI, 4.64 to 10.96 pregnancies), 15 more …
#Ticagrelor Added to #Aspirin in Acute Ischemic #Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack in Prevention of Disabling Stroke A Randomized Clinical Trial
https://2medical.news/2021/02/15/ticagrelor-added-to-aspirin-in-acute-ischemic-stroke-or-transient-ischemic-attack-in-prevention-of-disabling-stroke-a-randomized-clinical-trial-2/

Reduction of subsequent disabling stroke is the main goal of preventive treatment in the acute setting after transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor ischemic stroke. Objective To evaluate the superiority of ticagrelor added to aspirin in preventing disabling stroke and to understand the factors associated with recurrent disabling stroke. Design, Setting, and Participants The Acute Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack Treated With Ticagrelor and Aspirin
Major GI #bleeding in older persons using #aspirin: incidence and risk factors in the ASPREE randomised controlled trial
https://2medical.news/2021/03/14/major-gi-bleeding-in-older-persons-using-aspirin-incidence-and-risk-factors-in-the-aspree-randomised-controlled-trial/

There is a lack of robust data on significant gastrointestinal bleeding in older people using aspirin. We calculated the incidence, risk factors and absolute risk using data from a large randomised, controlled trial. Design Data were extracted from an aspirin versus placebo primary prevention trial conducted throughout 2010–2017 (‘ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE)’, n=19 114) in community-dwelling persons aged ≥70 years. Clinical characteristics …
#Aspirin Use Is Associated With Decreased Mechanical Ventilation, Intensive Care Unit Admission, and In-Hospital Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With #Coronavirus Disease 2019
https://2medical.news/2021/03/26/aspirin-use-is-associated-with-decreased-mechanical-ventilation-intensive-care-unit-admission-and-in-hospital-mortality-in-hospitalized-patients-with-coronavirus-disease-2019/

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is associated with hypercoagulability and increased thrombotic risk in critically ill patients. To our knowledge, no studies have evaluated whether aspirin use is associated with reduced risk of mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and in-hospital mortality. METHODS: A retrospective, observational cohort study of adult patients admitted with COVID-19 to multiple hospitals in the United States between March 2020 and July …