FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA warns about rare but serious #allergic reactions with the skin antiseptic #chlorhexidine gluconate
http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm530975.htm
The serious allergic reaction cases reported outcomes that required emergency department visits or hospitalizations to receive drug and other medical treatments. These allergic reactions resulted in two deaths. Eight additional cases of anaphylaxis were published in the medical literature between 1971 and 2015
http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm530975.htm
The serious allergic reaction cases reported outcomes that required emergency department visits or hospitalizations to receive drug and other medical treatments. These allergic reactions resulted in two deaths. Eight additional cases of anaphylaxis were published in the medical literature between 1971 and 2015
www.fda.gov
FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA warns about rare but serious allergic reactions with the skin antiseptic chlorhexidine gluconate
[2-2-2017] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is warning that rare but serious allergic reactions have been reported with the widely used skin antiseptic products containing chlorhexidine gluconate.
A phenotypically and functionally distinct human #TH2 cell subpopulation is associated with #allergic disorders
http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/9/401/eaam9171.full
Allergen-specific type 2 helper T (TH2) cells play a central role in initiating and orchestrating the allergic and asthmatic inflammatory response pathways. We have described a subset of human memory TH2 cells confined to atopic individuals that includes all allergen-specific TH2 cells.
These cells are terminally differentiated CD4+ T cells (CD27− and CD45RB−) characterized by coexpression of CRTH2, CD49d, and CD161 and exhibit numerous functional attributes distinct from conventional TH2 cells.
Together, these findings identify a human TH2 cell signature in allergic diseases that could be used for response-monitoring and designing appropriate immunomodulatory strategies.
http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/9/401/eaam9171.full
Allergen-specific type 2 helper T (TH2) cells play a central role in initiating and orchestrating the allergic and asthmatic inflammatory response pathways. We have described a subset of human memory TH2 cells confined to atopic individuals that includes all allergen-specific TH2 cells.
These cells are terminally differentiated CD4+ T cells (CD27− and CD45RB−) characterized by coexpression of CRTH2, CD49d, and CD161 and exhibit numerous functional attributes distinct from conventional TH2 cells.
Together, these findings identify a human TH2 cell signature in allergic diseases that could be used for response-monitoring and designing appropriate immunomodulatory strategies.
Science
A phenotypically and functionally distinct human TH2 cell subpopulation is associated with allergic disorders
Although T helper type 2 (TH2) cells provide necessary protection from certain types of pathogens, they are also implicated in allergy pathogenesis. Until now, methods to distinguish pathogenic cells that are reactive to allergens from the rest of the TH2…
Pharmacologic Treatment of Seasonal #Allergic #Rhinitis: Synopsis of Guidance From the 2017 Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters http://annals.org/aim/fullarticle/2664375/pharmacologic-treatment-seasonal-allergic-rhinitis-synopsis-guidance-from-2017-joint
Recommendation 1:
For initial treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis in persons aged 12 years or older, routinely prescribe monotherapy with an intranasal corticosteroid rather than an intranasal corticosteroid in combination with an oral antihistamine. (Strong recommendation)
Recommendation 2:
For initial treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis in persons aged 15 years or older, recommend an intranasal corticosteroid over a leukotriene receptor antagonist. (Strong recommendation)
Recommendation 3:
For treatment of moderate to severe seasonal allergic rhinitis in persons aged 12 years or older, the clinician may recommend the combination of an intranasal corticosteroid and an intranasal antihistamine for initial treatment. (Weak recommendation)
Recommendation 1:
For initial treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis in persons aged 12 years or older, routinely prescribe monotherapy with an intranasal corticosteroid rather than an intranasal corticosteroid in combination with an oral antihistamine. (Strong recommendation)
Recommendation 2:
For initial treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis in persons aged 15 years or older, recommend an intranasal corticosteroid over a leukotriene receptor antagonist. (Strong recommendation)
Recommendation 3:
For treatment of moderate to severe seasonal allergic rhinitis in persons aged 12 years or older, the clinician may recommend the combination of an intranasal corticosteroid and an intranasal antihistamine for initial treatment. (Weak recommendation)
Annals of Internal Medicine
Pharmacologic Treatment of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis: Synopsis of Guidance From the 2017 Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters…
Description: The Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters, which comprises representatives of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI) and the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI), formed a workgroup to review evidence…
#Diet during pregnancy and infancy and risk of #allergic or autoimmune disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002507
We did not find that other dietary exposures—including prebiotic supplements, maternal allergenic food avoidance, and vitamin, mineral, fruit, and vegetable intake—influence risk of allergic or autoimmune disease. For many dietary exposures, data were inconclusive or inconsistent, such that we were unable to exclude the possibility of important beneficial or harmful effects. In this comprehensive systematic review, we were not able to include more recent observational studies or verify data via direct contact with authors, and we did not evaluate measures of food diversity during infancy.
Conclusions
Our findings support a relationship between maternal diet and risk of immune-mediated diseases in the child. Maternal probiotic and fish oil supplementation may reduce risk of eczema and allergic sensitisation to food, respectively
http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002507
We did not find that other dietary exposures—including prebiotic supplements, maternal allergenic food avoidance, and vitamin, mineral, fruit, and vegetable intake—influence risk of allergic or autoimmune disease. For many dietary exposures, data were inconclusive or inconsistent, such that we were unable to exclude the possibility of important beneficial or harmful effects. In this comprehensive systematic review, we were not able to include more recent observational studies or verify data via direct contact with authors, and we did not evaluate measures of food diversity during infancy.
Conclusions
Our findings support a relationship between maternal diet and risk of immune-mediated diseases in the child. Maternal probiotic and fish oil supplementation may reduce risk of eczema and allergic sensitisation to food, respectively
Association Between Use of #Acid-Suppressive Medications and #Antibiotics During Infancy and #Allergic Diseases in Early Childhood
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2676167
Of 792 130 children (395 215 49.9% girls) included for analysis, 60 209 (7.6%) were prescribed an H2RA, 13 687 (1.7%) were prescribed a PPI, and 131 708 (16.6%) were prescribed an antibiotic during the first 6 months of life. Data for each child were available for a median of 4.6 years. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) in children prescribed H2RAs and PPIs, respectively, were 2.18 (95% CI, 2.04-2.33) and 2.59 (95% CI, 2.25-3.00) for food allergy, 1.70 (95% CI, 1.60-1.80) and 1.84 (95% CI, 1.56-2.17) for medication allergy, 1.51 (95% CI, 1.38-1.66) and 1.45 (95% CI, 1.22-1.73) for anaphylaxis, 1.50 (95% CI, 1.46-1.54) and 1.44 (95% CI, 1.36-1.52) for allergic rhinitis, and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.21-1.29) and 1.41 (95% CI, 1.31-1.52) for asthma. The aHRs after antibiotic prescription in the first 6 months of life were 2.09 (95% CI, 2.05-2.13) for asthma, 1.75 (95% CI, 1.72-1.78) for allergic rhinitis, 1.51 (95% CI, 1.38-1.66) for anaphylaxis, and 1.42 (95% CI, 1.34-1.50) for allergic conjunctivitis.
Conclusions and Relevance This study found associations between the use of acid-suppressive medications and antibiotics during the first 6 months of infancy and subsequent development of allergic disease. Acid-suppressive medications and antibiotics should be used during infancy only in situations of clear clinical benefit
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2676167
Of 792 130 children (395 215 49.9% girls) included for analysis, 60 209 (7.6%) were prescribed an H2RA, 13 687 (1.7%) were prescribed a PPI, and 131 708 (16.6%) were prescribed an antibiotic during the first 6 months of life. Data for each child were available for a median of 4.6 years. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) in children prescribed H2RAs and PPIs, respectively, were 2.18 (95% CI, 2.04-2.33) and 2.59 (95% CI, 2.25-3.00) for food allergy, 1.70 (95% CI, 1.60-1.80) and 1.84 (95% CI, 1.56-2.17) for medication allergy, 1.51 (95% CI, 1.38-1.66) and 1.45 (95% CI, 1.22-1.73) for anaphylaxis, 1.50 (95% CI, 1.46-1.54) and 1.44 (95% CI, 1.36-1.52) for allergic rhinitis, and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.21-1.29) and 1.41 (95% CI, 1.31-1.52) for asthma. The aHRs after antibiotic prescription in the first 6 months of life were 2.09 (95% CI, 2.05-2.13) for asthma, 1.75 (95% CI, 1.72-1.78) for allergic rhinitis, 1.51 (95% CI, 1.38-1.66) for anaphylaxis, and 1.42 (95% CI, 1.34-1.50) for allergic conjunctivitis.
Conclusions and Relevance This study found associations between the use of acid-suppressive medications and antibiotics during the first 6 months of infancy and subsequent development of allergic disease. Acid-suppressive medications and antibiotics should be used during infancy only in situations of clear clinical benefit
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Association of Long-Term Risk of Respiratory, #Allergic, and #Infectious Diseases With Removal of #Adenoids and Tonsils in Childhood
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2683621
Adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy were associated with a 2- to 3-fold increase in diseases of the upper respiratory tract (relative risk RR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.51-2.63 and RR, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.54-4.80; respectively). Smaller increases in risks for infectious and allergic diseases were also found: adenotonsillectomy was associated with a 17% increased risk of infectious diseases (RR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.10-1.25) corresponding to an absolute risk increase of 2.14% because these diseases are relatively common (12%) in the population. In contrast, the long-term risks for conditions that these surgeries aim to treat often did not differ significantly and were sometimes lower or higher.
Conclusions and Relevance In this study of almost 1.2 million children, of whom 17 460 had adenoidectomy, 11 830 tonsillectomy, and 31 377 adenotonsillectomy, surgeries were associated with increased long-term risks of respiratory, infectious, and allergic diseases. Although rigorous controls for confounding were used where such data were available, it is possible these effects could not be fully accounted for. Our results suggest it is important to consider long-term risks when making decisions to perform tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy
Association of Long-Term Risk of Respiratory, #Allergic, and #Infectious Diseases With Removal of #Adenoids and Tonsils in Childhood
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2683621
Adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy were associated with a 2- to 3-fold increase in diseases of the upper respiratory tract (relative risk RR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.51-2.63 and RR, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.54-4.80; respectively). Smaller increases in risks for infectious and allergic diseases were also found: adenotonsillectomy was associated with a 17% increased risk of infectious diseases (RR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.10-1.25) corresponding to an absolute risk increase of 2.14% because these diseases are relatively common (12%) in the population. In contrast, the long-term risks for conditions that these surgeries aim to treat often did not differ significantly and were sometimes lower or higher.
Conclusions and Relevance In this study of almost 1.2 million children, of whom 17 460 had adenoidectomy, 11 830 tonsillectomy, and 31 377 adenotonsillectomy, surgeries were associated with increased long-term risks of respiratory, infectious, and allergic diseases. Although rigorous controls for confounding were used where such data were available, it is possible these effects could not be fully accounted for. Our results suggest it is important to consider long-term risks when making decisions to perform tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy
UK probes whether #COVID-19 vaccine caused #allergic reactions
https://2medical.news/2020/12/13/uk-probes-whether-covid-19-vaccine-caused-allergic-reactions/
LONDON (AP) — Britain’s medical regulator warned Wednesday that people with a history of serious allergic reactions shouldn’t get the COVID-19 vaccine from Pfizer and BioNTech, and investigators looked into whether two reactions on the first day of the U.K.’s vaccination program were linked to the shot. The advice was issued on a “precautionary basis,” and the people who had the reactions had recovered, said …
https://2medical.news/2020/12/13/uk-probes-whether-covid-19-vaccine-caused-allergic-reactions/
LONDON (AP) — Britain’s medical regulator warned Wednesday that people with a history of serious allergic reactions shouldn’t get the COVID-19 vaccine from Pfizer and BioNTech, and investigators looked into whether two reactions on the first day of the U.K.’s vaccination program were linked to the shot. The advice was issued on a “precautionary basis,” and the people who had the reactions had recovered, said …
Assessment of #Allergic and #Anaphylactic Reactions to mRNA #COVID-19 Vaccines With Confirmatory Testing in a US Regional Health System
https://2medical.news/2021/10/01/assessment-of-allergic-and-anaphylactic-reactions-to-mrna-covid-19-vaccines-with-confirmatory-testing-in-a-us-regional-health-system/
https://2medical.news/2021/10/01/assessment-of-allergic-and-anaphylactic-reactions-to-mrna-covid-19-vaccines-with-confirmatory-testing-in-a-us-regional-health-system/
2Medical.News
Assessment of #Allergic and #Anaphylactic Reactions to mRNA #COVID-19 Vaccines With Confirmatory Testing in a US Regional Health…
Objective To characterize the immunologic mechanisms underlying allergic reactions to these vaccines. Design, Setting, and Participants This case series included 22 patients with suspected allergic…
#Antibiotic-driven #dysbiosis in early life disrupts indole-3-propionic acid production and exacerbates #allergic airway inflammation in adulthood
https://2medical.news/2024/08/06/antibiotic-driven-dysbiosis-in-early-life-disrupts-indole-3-propionic-acid-production-and-exacerbates-allergic-airway-inflammation-in-adulthood/
https://2medical.news/2024/08/06/antibiotic-driven-dysbiosis-in-early-life-disrupts-indole-3-propionic-acid-production-and-exacerbates-allergic-airway-inflammation-in-adulthood/
2Medical.News
#Antibiotic-driven #dysbiosis in early life disrupts indole-3-propionic acid production and exacerbates #allergic airway inflammation…
•Early-life antibiotics increase the risk of allergy in adulthood•Antibiotics cause short-term disruption of the microbiome and systemic metabolome•Dysfunctional mitochondria in the airway epitheli…