Dietary #Fat Intake and Lung #Cancer Risk: A Pooled Analysis
http://ascopubs.org/doi/abs/10.1200/JCO.2017.73.3329
Dietary fat may play a role in lung carcinogenesis. Findings from epidemiologic studies, however, remain inconsistent. In this pooled analysis of 10 prospective cohort studies from the United States, Europe, and Asia, we evaluated the associations of total and specific types of dietary fat with lung cancer risk.
Findings from this large, international cohort consortium suggest that modifying dietary fat intake (ie, replacing saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat) may reduce lung cancer risk, particularly among smokers and for squamous cell and small cell carcinoma
http://ascopubs.org/doi/abs/10.1200/JCO.2017.73.3329
Dietary fat may play a role in lung carcinogenesis. Findings from epidemiologic studies, however, remain inconsistent. In this pooled analysis of 10 prospective cohort studies from the United States, Europe, and Asia, we evaluated the associations of total and specific types of dietary fat with lung cancer risk.
Findings from this large, international cohort consortium suggest that modifying dietary fat intake (ie, replacing saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat) may reduce lung cancer risk, particularly among smokers and for squamous cell and small cell carcinoma
#Cinnamaldehyde induces #fat cell-autonomous thermogenesis and metabolic reprogramming
http://www.metabolismjournal.com/article/S0026-0495%2817%2930212-3/fulltext
Cinnamaldehyde (CA) is a food compound that has previously been observed to be protective against obesity and hyperglycemia in mouse models. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms behind this protective effect by assessing the cell-autonomous response of primary adipocytes to CA treatment
CA significantly activated PKA signaling, increased expression levels of thermogenic genes and induced phosphorylation of HSL and PLIN1 in murine primary adipocytes. Inhibition of PKA or p38 MAPK enzymatic activity markedly inhibited the CA-induced thermogenic response. In addition, chronic CA treatment regulates metabolic reprogramming, which was partially diminished in FGF21KO adipocytes. Importantly, both acute and chronic effects of CA were observed in human adipose stem cells isolated from multiple donors of different ethnicities and ages and with a variety of body mass indexes (BMI).
Conclusions
CA activates thermogenic and metabolic responses in mouse and human primary subcutaneous adipocytes in a cell-autonomous manner, giving a mechanistic explanation for the anti-obesity effects of CA observed previously and further supporting its potential metabolic benefits on humans. Given the wide usage of cinnamon in the food industry, the notion that this popular food additive, instead of a drug, may activate thermogenesis, could ultimately lead to therapeutic strategies against obesity that are much better adhered to by participants
http://www.metabolismjournal.com/article/S0026-0495%2817%2930212-3/fulltext
Cinnamaldehyde (CA) is a food compound that has previously been observed to be protective against obesity and hyperglycemia in mouse models. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms behind this protective effect by assessing the cell-autonomous response of primary adipocytes to CA treatment
CA significantly activated PKA signaling, increased expression levels of thermogenic genes and induced phosphorylation of HSL and PLIN1 in murine primary adipocytes. Inhibition of PKA or p38 MAPK enzymatic activity markedly inhibited the CA-induced thermogenic response. In addition, chronic CA treatment regulates metabolic reprogramming, which was partially diminished in FGF21KO adipocytes. Importantly, both acute and chronic effects of CA were observed in human adipose stem cells isolated from multiple donors of different ethnicities and ages and with a variety of body mass indexes (BMI).
Conclusions
CA activates thermogenic and metabolic responses in mouse and human primary subcutaneous adipocytes in a cell-autonomous manner, giving a mechanistic explanation for the anti-obesity effects of CA observed previously and further supporting its potential metabolic benefits on humans. Given the wide usage of cinnamon in the food industry, the notion that this popular food additive, instead of a drug, may activate thermogenesis, could ultimately lead to therapeutic strategies against obesity that are much better adhered to by participants
Effect of Low- #Fat vs Low-#Carbohydrate Diet on 12-Month #Weight Loss in Overweight Adults and the Association With Genotype Pattern or Insulin Secretion
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2673150
Among 609 participants randomized (mean age, 40 SD, 7 years; 57% women; mean body mass index, 33 SD, 3; 244 40% had a low-fat genotype; 180 30% had a low-carbohydrate genotype; mean baseline INS-30, 93 μIU/mL), 481 (79%) completed the trial. In the HLF vs HLC diets, respectively, the mean 12-month macronutrient distributions were 48% vs 30% for carbohydrates, 29% vs 45% for fat, and 21% vs 23% for protein. Weight change at 12 months was −5.3 kg for the HLF diet vs −6.0 kg for the HLC diet (mean between-group difference, 0.7 kg 95% CI, −0.2 to 1.6 kg). There was no significant diet-genotype pattern interaction (P = .20) or diet-insulin secretion (INS-30) interaction (P = .47) with 12-month weight loss. There were 18 adverse events or serious adverse events that were evenly distributed across the 2 diet groups.
Conclusions and Relevance In this 12-month weight loss diet study, there was no significant difference in weight change between a healthy low-fat diet vs a healthy low-carbohydrate diet, and neither genotype pattern nor baseline insulin secretion was associated with the dietary effects on weight loss. In the context of these 2 common weight loss diet approaches, neither of the 2 hypothesized predisposing factors was helpful in identifying which diet was better for whom
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2673150
Among 609 participants randomized (mean age, 40 SD, 7 years; 57% women; mean body mass index, 33 SD, 3; 244 40% had a low-fat genotype; 180 30% had a low-carbohydrate genotype; mean baseline INS-30, 93 μIU/mL), 481 (79%) completed the trial. In the HLF vs HLC diets, respectively, the mean 12-month macronutrient distributions were 48% vs 30% for carbohydrates, 29% vs 45% for fat, and 21% vs 23% for protein. Weight change at 12 months was −5.3 kg for the HLF diet vs −6.0 kg for the HLC diet (mean between-group difference, 0.7 kg 95% CI, −0.2 to 1.6 kg). There was no significant diet-genotype pattern interaction (P = .20) or diet-insulin secretion (INS-30) interaction (P = .47) with 12-month weight loss. There were 18 adverse events or serious adverse events that were evenly distributed across the 2 diet groups.
Conclusions and Relevance In this 12-month weight loss diet study, there was no significant difference in weight change between a healthy low-fat diet vs a healthy low-carbohydrate diet, and neither genotype pattern nor baseline insulin secretion was associated with the dietary effects on weight loss. In the context of these 2 common weight loss diet approaches, neither of the 2 hypothesized predisposing factors was helpful in identifying which diet was better for whom
!!
Informational value of percent body #fat with body mass index for the risk of abnormal blood #glucose: a nationally representative cross-sectional study
http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/8/4/e019200
64% of population with normal BMI classification had a high %BF. Prevalence of ABG in normal-weight group with high %BF (13.5%) is significantly higher than the overweight group with low %BF (10.5%, P<0.001). In an unadjusted model, the OR of ABG was significantly greater in adults at normal BMI with high %BF compared with individuals at normal weight with low %BF. In an adjusted model controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, first-degree-relative diabetes, vigorous-intensity activities and muscle strengthening activities, risks of ABG were greater in population with normal weight and high %BF (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.38) and with overweight and low %BF (OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.98, P<0.05).
Conclusions Integrating BMI with %BF can improve in classification to direct screening and prevention efforts to a group currently considered healthy and avoid penalties and stigmatisation of other groups that are classified as high risk of ABG.
Informational value of percent body #fat with body mass index for the risk of abnormal blood #glucose: a nationally representative cross-sectional study
http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/8/4/e019200
64% of population with normal BMI classification had a high %BF. Prevalence of ABG in normal-weight group with high %BF (13.5%) is significantly higher than the overweight group with low %BF (10.5%, P<0.001). In an unadjusted model, the OR of ABG was significantly greater in adults at normal BMI with high %BF compared with individuals at normal weight with low %BF. In an adjusted model controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, first-degree-relative diabetes, vigorous-intensity activities and muscle strengthening activities, risks of ABG were greater in population with normal weight and high %BF (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.38) and with overweight and low %BF (OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.98, P<0.05).
Conclusions Integrating BMI with %BF can improve in classification to direct screening and prevention efforts to a group currently considered healthy and avoid penalties and stigmatisation of other groups that are classified as high risk of ABG.
!!
Relative #fat mass (#RFM) as a new estimator of whole-body fat percentage ─ A cross-sectional study in American adult individuals
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-29362-1
High whole-body fat percentage is independently associated with increased mortality. We aimed to identify a simple anthropometric linear equation that is more accurate than the body mass index (BMI) to estimate whole-body fat percentage among adult individuals
From the 365 anthropometric indices generated, the final selected equation was as follows: 64 − (20 × height/waist circumference) + (12 × sex), named as the relative fat mass (RFM); sex = 0 for men and 1 for women. In the validation dataset, compared with BMI, RFM better predicted whole-body fat percentage, measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), among women and men.
RFM showed better accuracy than the BMI and had fewer false negative cases of body fat-defined obesity among women and men. RFM reduced total obesity misclassification among all women and all men and, overall, among Mexican-Americans, European-Americans and African-Americans. In the population studied, the suggested RFM was more accurate than BMI to estimate whole-body fat percentage among women and men and improved body fat-defined obesity misclassification among American adult individuals of Mexican, European or African ethnicity
Relative #fat mass (#RFM) as a new estimator of whole-body fat percentage ─ A cross-sectional study in American adult individuals
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-29362-1
High whole-body fat percentage is independently associated with increased mortality. We aimed to identify a simple anthropometric linear equation that is more accurate than the body mass index (BMI) to estimate whole-body fat percentage among adult individuals
From the 365 anthropometric indices generated, the final selected equation was as follows: 64 − (20 × height/waist circumference) + (12 × sex), named as the relative fat mass (RFM); sex = 0 for men and 1 for women. In the validation dataset, compared with BMI, RFM better predicted whole-body fat percentage, measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), among women and men.
RFM showed better accuracy than the BMI and had fewer false negative cases of body fat-defined obesity among women and men. RFM reduced total obesity misclassification among all women and all men and, overall, among Mexican-Americans, European-Americans and African-Americans. In the population studied, the suggested RFM was more accurate than BMI to estimate whole-body fat percentage among women and men and improved body fat-defined obesity misclassification among American adult individuals of Mexican, European or African ethnicity
!!
Association of Body #Fat and Risk of #Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women With Normal Body Mass Index
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2717235
Among the 3460 women included in the analysis (mean [SD] age, 63.6 [7.6] years), multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for the risk of invasive breast cancer were 1.89 (95% CI, 1.21-2.95) for the highest quartile of whole-body fat and 1.88 (95% CI, 1.18-2.98) for the highest quartile of trunk fat mass. The corresponding adjusted hazard ratios for ER-positive breast cancer were 2.21 (95% CI, 1.23-3.67) and 1.98 (95% CI, 1.18-3.31), respectively. Similar positive associations were observed for serial DXA measurements in time-dependent covariate analyses. Circulating levels of insulin, C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, leptin, and triglycerides were higher, whereas levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and sex hormone–binding globulin were lower in those in the uppermost vs lowest quartiles of trunk fat mass.
Conclusions
In postmenopausal women with normal BMI, relatively high body fat levels were associated with an elevated risk of invasive breast cancer and altered levels of circulating metabolic and inflammatory factors. Normal BMI categorization may be an inadequate proxy for the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women
Association of Body #Fat and Risk of #Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women With Normal Body Mass Index
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaoncology/fullarticle/2717235
Among the 3460 women included in the analysis (mean [SD] age, 63.6 [7.6] years), multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for the risk of invasive breast cancer were 1.89 (95% CI, 1.21-2.95) for the highest quartile of whole-body fat and 1.88 (95% CI, 1.18-2.98) for the highest quartile of trunk fat mass. The corresponding adjusted hazard ratios for ER-positive breast cancer were 2.21 (95% CI, 1.23-3.67) and 1.98 (95% CI, 1.18-3.31), respectively. Similar positive associations were observed for serial DXA measurements in time-dependent covariate analyses. Circulating levels of insulin, C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, leptin, and triglycerides were higher, whereas levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and sex hormone–binding globulin were lower in those in the uppermost vs lowest quartiles of trunk fat mass.
Conclusions
In postmenopausal women with normal BMI, relatively high body fat levels were associated with an elevated risk of invasive breast cancer and altered levels of circulating metabolic and inflammatory factors. Normal BMI categorization may be an inadequate proxy for the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women
Jamanetwork
Association of Body Fat and Risk of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women With Normal BMI
This secondary analysis of the Women’s Health Initiative randomized clinical trial and observational study cohort investigates the association between body fat and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women with normal body mass index.
!!
Effects of dietary #fat on gut #microbiota and faecal metabolites, and their relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors: a 6-month randomised controlled-feeding trial
https://gut.bmj.com/content/early/2019/01/18/gutjnl-2018-317609
The lower-fat diet was associated with increased α-diversity assessed by the Shannon index increased abundance of Blautia and Faecalibacterium , whereas the higher-fat diet was associated with increased Alistipes , Bacteroides and decreased Faecalibacterium . The concentration of total short-chain fatty acids was significantly decreased in the higher-fat diet group in comparison with the other groups. The cometabolites p-cresol and indole, known to be associated with host metabolic disorders, were decreased in the lower-fat diet group. In addition, the higher-fat diet was associated with faecal enrichment in arachidonic acid and the lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathway as well as elevated plasma proinflammatory factors after the intervention.
Higher-fat consumption by healthy young adults whose diet is in a state of nutrition transition appeared to be associated with unfavourable changes in gut microbiota, faecal metabolomic profiles and plasma proinflammatory factors, which might confer adverse consequences for long-term health outcomes.
Effects of dietary #fat on gut #microbiota and faecal metabolites, and their relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors: a 6-month randomised controlled-feeding trial
https://gut.bmj.com/content/early/2019/01/18/gutjnl-2018-317609
The lower-fat diet was associated with increased α-diversity assessed by the Shannon index increased abundance of Blautia and Faecalibacterium , whereas the higher-fat diet was associated with increased Alistipes , Bacteroides and decreased Faecalibacterium . The concentration of total short-chain fatty acids was significantly decreased in the higher-fat diet group in comparison with the other groups. The cometabolites p-cresol and indole, known to be associated with host metabolic disorders, were decreased in the lower-fat diet group. In addition, the higher-fat diet was associated with faecal enrichment in arachidonic acid and the lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathway as well as elevated plasma proinflammatory factors after the intervention.
Higher-fat consumption by healthy young adults whose diet is in a state of nutrition transition appeared to be associated with unfavourable changes in gut microbiota, faecal metabolomic profiles and plasma proinflammatory factors, which might confer adverse consequences for long-term health outcomes.
!!
Both low- and regular- #fat #cheeses mediate improved insulin sensitivity and modulate serum phospholipid profiles in insulin-resistant rats
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095528631830562X?via%3Dihub#bb0105
Dietary recommendations for cheese usually promote low (LOW)- over regular (REG)-fat versions due to the saturated fat. Conversely, epidemiological evidence shows that cheese consumption associates with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes.
Fourteen PC species were lowest in the HFD group and normalized by cheese feeding. Serum choline was elevated sevenfold in HFD- but not cheese-fed rats compared with rats fed low-fat diet. Liver triglyceride was elevated by LOW feeding. In conclusion, inclusion of both LOW and REG cheeses in the diet of insulin-resistant rats improves in vivo glucoregulation. This is associated with altered phospholipid metabolism, including cheese-mediated normalization of species that are decreased by high-fat feeding.
Both low- and regular- #fat #cheeses mediate improved insulin sensitivity and modulate serum phospholipid profiles in insulin-resistant rats
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095528631830562X?via%3Dihub#bb0105
Dietary recommendations for cheese usually promote low (LOW)- over regular (REG)-fat versions due to the saturated fat. Conversely, epidemiological evidence shows that cheese consumption associates with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes.
Fourteen PC species were lowest in the HFD group and normalized by cheese feeding. Serum choline was elevated sevenfold in HFD- but not cheese-fed rats compared with rats fed low-fat diet. Liver triglyceride was elevated by LOW feeding. In conclusion, inclusion of both LOW and REG cheeses in the diet of insulin-resistant rats improves in vivo glucoregulation. This is associated with altered phospholipid metabolism, including cheese-mediated normalization of species that are decreased by high-fat feeding.
!!
High‐ #fat diet intake modulates maternal intestinal adaptations to pregnancy, and results in placental hypoxia and altered fetal #gut barrier proteins and immune markers
https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1113/JP277353
Key Points Summary
Maternal obesity has been associated with shifts in intestinal microbiota which may contribute to impaired barrier function
Impaired barrier function may expose the placenta and fetus to pro‐inflammatory mediators
We investigated the impacts of diet‐induced obesity in mice on maternal and fetal intestinal structure and placental vascularization
Diet‐induced obesity decreased maternal intestinal short chain fatty acids, their receptors, impaired gut barrier integrity and was associated with fetal intestinal inflammation.
Placenta from obese mothers showed blood vessel immaturity, hypoxia, increased transcript levels of inflammation, autophagy and ER stress markers.
These data suggest that maternal intestinal changes likely contribute to adverse placental adaptations and, via alterations in fetal gut development, impart increased risk of obesity in the offspring
High‐ #fat diet intake modulates maternal intestinal adaptations to pregnancy, and results in placental hypoxia and altered fetal #gut barrier proteins and immune markers
https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1113/JP277353
Key Points Summary
Maternal obesity has been associated with shifts in intestinal microbiota which may contribute to impaired barrier function
Impaired barrier function may expose the placenta and fetus to pro‐inflammatory mediators
We investigated the impacts of diet‐induced obesity in mice on maternal and fetal intestinal structure and placental vascularization
Diet‐induced obesity decreased maternal intestinal short chain fatty acids, their receptors, impaired gut barrier integrity and was associated with fetal intestinal inflammation.
Placenta from obese mothers showed blood vessel immaturity, hypoxia, increased transcript levels of inflammation, autophagy and ER stress markers.
These data suggest that maternal intestinal changes likely contribute to adverse placental adaptations and, via alterations in fetal gut development, impart increased risk of obesity in the offspring
!!
Early Time‐Restricted #Feeding Reduces Appetite and Increases #fat Oxidation But Does Not Affect Energy Expenditure in Humans
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/oby.22518
Eating earlier in the daytime to align with circadian rhythms in metabolism enhances weight loss. However, it is unknown whether these benefits are mediated through increased energy expenditure or decreased food intake
Despite the longer daily fast (intermittent fasting), eTRF decreased mean ghrelin levels by 32 ± 10 pg/mL (P = 0.006), made hunger more even‐keeled (P = 0.006), and tended to increase fullness (P = 0.06‐0.10) and decrease the desire to eat (P = 0.08). eTRF also increased metabolic flexibility (P = 0.0006) and decreased the 24‐hour nonprotein respiratory quotient (Δ = −0.021 ± 0.010; P = 0.05).
Conclusions
Meal‐timing interventions facilitate weight loss primarily by decreasing appetite rather than by increasing energy expenditure. eTRF may also increase fat loss by increasing fat oxidation.
Early Time‐Restricted #Feeding Reduces Appetite and Increases #fat Oxidation But Does Not Affect Energy Expenditure in Humans
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/oby.22518
Eating earlier in the daytime to align with circadian rhythms in metabolism enhances weight loss. However, it is unknown whether these benefits are mediated through increased energy expenditure or decreased food intake
Despite the longer daily fast (intermittent fasting), eTRF decreased mean ghrelin levels by 32 ± 10 pg/mL (P = 0.006), made hunger more even‐keeled (P = 0.006), and tended to increase fullness (P = 0.06‐0.10) and decrease the desire to eat (P = 0.08). eTRF also increased metabolic flexibility (P = 0.0006) and decreased the 24‐hour nonprotein respiratory quotient (Δ = −0.021 ± 0.010; P = 0.05).
Conclusions
Meal‐timing interventions facilitate weight loss primarily by decreasing appetite rather than by increasing energy expenditure. eTRF may also increase fat loss by increasing fat oxidation.
Wiley Online Library
Early Time‐Restricted Feeding Reduces Appetite and Increases Fat Oxidation But Does Not Affect Energy Expenditure in Humans
Objective
Eating earlier in the daytime to align with circadian rhythms in metabolism enhances weight loss. However, it is unknown whether these benefits are mediated through increased energy expend...
Eating earlier in the daytime to align with circadian rhythms in metabolism enhances weight loss. However, it is unknown whether these benefits are mediated through increased energy expend...
!!
#Caffeine, but not other phytochemicals, in mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hilaire) attenuates high-fat-high-#sucrose-diet-driven lipogenesis and body #fat accumulation
The objective was to examine the effectiveness of mate tea (MT, Ilex paraguariensis St. Hilaire) and caffeine from mate tea (MC) on in vitro lipid accumulation and in vivo diet-driven-obesity..
..MC reduced lipid accumulation (41%) via downregulation of fatty acid synthase (Fasn) (39%) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Rats fed a high-fat-high-sucrose-diet and 0.1% of caffeine from MC, MT, or DM. MC attenuated weight gain (16%) and body fat accumulation (22%). MC reduced Fasn expression in both adipose tissue (66%) and liver (37%). MC diminished pyruvate kinase (PK, 59%) and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP, 50%) hepatic expression. In silico, neochlorogenic acid interacted with PK and MTP allosteric sites. FAS β‐ketoacyl reductase domain showed the highest affinity to 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid.
Caffeine suppressed lipid accumulation and body weight gain, through the modulation of lipogenic gene expression.
https://bit.ly/36ly80d
#Caffeine, but not other phytochemicals, in mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hilaire) attenuates high-fat-high-#sucrose-diet-driven lipogenesis and body #fat accumulation
The objective was to examine the effectiveness of mate tea (MT, Ilex paraguariensis St. Hilaire) and caffeine from mate tea (MC) on in vitro lipid accumulation and in vivo diet-driven-obesity..
..MC reduced lipid accumulation (41%) via downregulation of fatty acid synthase (Fasn) (39%) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Rats fed a high-fat-high-sucrose-diet and 0.1% of caffeine from MC, MT, or DM. MC attenuated weight gain (16%) and body fat accumulation (22%). MC reduced Fasn expression in both adipose tissue (66%) and liver (37%). MC diminished pyruvate kinase (PK, 59%) and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP, 50%) hepatic expression. In silico, neochlorogenic acid interacted with PK and MTP allosteric sites. FAS β‐ketoacyl reductase domain showed the highest affinity to 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid.
Caffeine suppressed lipid accumulation and body weight gain, through the modulation of lipogenic gene expression.
https://bit.ly/36ly80d
Sciencedirect
Caffeine, but not other phytochemicals, in mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hilaire) attenuates high-fat-high-sucrose-diet-driven…
The objective was to examine the effectiveness of mate tea (MT, Ilex paraguariensis St. Hilaire) and caffeine from mate tea (MC) on in vitro lipid acc…
#Migraine, obesity and body #fat distribution – a population-based study
https://2medical.news/2020/08/23/migraine-obesity-and-body-fat-distribution-a-population-based-study/
Obesity has been linked to an increased prevalence of migraine, and to increased migraine attack frequency, but several questions are left unanswered by previous studies. We examined the relationship between obesity and headache in a large, population-based study where we could take into account body fat distribution, migraine subtypes and tension-type headache.. ..Both total body obesity (TBO) and abdominal obesity (AO) were associated with a …
https://2medical.news/2020/08/23/migraine-obesity-and-body-fat-distribution-a-population-based-study/
Obesity has been linked to an increased prevalence of migraine, and to increased migraine attack frequency, but several questions are left unanswered by previous studies. We examined the relationship between obesity and headache in a large, population-based study where we could take into account body fat distribution, migraine subtypes and tension-type headache.. ..Both total body obesity (TBO) and abdominal obesity (AO) were associated with a …
Evidence that #coronavirus superspreading is #fat-tailed
https://2medical.news/2020/11/09/evidence-that-coronavirus-superspreading-is-fat-tailed/
Superspreaders, infected individuals who result in an outsized number of secondary cases, are believed to underlie a significant fraction of total SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Here, we combine empirical observations of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 transmission and extreme value statistics to show that the distribution of secondary cases is consistent with being fat-tailed, implying that large superspreading events are extremal, yet probable, occurrences. We integrate these results with …
https://2medical.news/2020/11/09/evidence-that-coronavirus-superspreading-is-fat-tailed/
Superspreaders, infected individuals who result in an outsized number of secondary cases, are believed to underlie a significant fraction of total SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Here, we combine empirical observations of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 transmission and extreme value statistics to show that the distribution of secondary cases is consistent with being fat-tailed, implying that large superspreading events are extremal, yet probable, occurrences. We integrate these results with …
Effect of #caloric restriction with or without physical #activity on body composition and epicardial #fat in type 2 diabetic patients: a pilot randomized controlled trial
https://2medical.news/2020/11/19/effect-of-caloric-restriction-with-or-without-physical-activity-on-body-composition-and-epicardial-fat-in-type-2-diabetic-patients-a-pilot-randomized-controlled-trial/
There is debate over the independent and combined effects of caloric restriction (CR) and physical activity (PA) on reduction in fat mass and in epicardial fat thickness. We compared the impact of a similar energy deficit prescription by CR or by CR combined with PA on total fat mass, epicardial fat thickness, and cardiometabolic profile in individuals with type 2 diabetes In this 16-week randomized …
https://2medical.news/2020/11/19/effect-of-caloric-restriction-with-or-without-physical-activity-on-body-composition-and-epicardial-fat-in-type-2-diabetic-patients-a-pilot-randomized-controlled-trial/
There is debate over the independent and combined effects of caloric restriction (CR) and physical activity (PA) on reduction in fat mass and in epicardial fat thickness. We compared the impact of a similar energy deficit prescription by CR or by CR combined with PA on total fat mass, epicardial fat thickness, and cardiometabolic profile in individuals with type 2 diabetes In this 16-week randomized …
#Caffeine increases maximal #fat oxidation during a graded exercise test: is there a diurnal variation?
https://2medical.news/2021/03/30/caffeine-increases-maximal-fat-oxidation-during-a-graded-exercise-test-is-there-a-diurnal-variation/
There is evidence that caffeine increases the maximal fat oxidation rate (MFO) and aerobic capacity, which are known to be lower in the morning than in the afternoon. This paper examines the effect of caffeine intake on the diurnal variation of MFO during a graded exercise test in active men. Methods Using a triple-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover experimental design, 15 active caffeine-naïve men (age: 32 ± 7 years) completed …
https://2medical.news/2021/03/30/caffeine-increases-maximal-fat-oxidation-during-a-graded-exercise-test-is-there-a-diurnal-variation/
There is evidence that caffeine increases the maximal fat oxidation rate (MFO) and aerobic capacity, which are known to be lower in the morning than in the afternoon. This paper examines the effect of caffeine intake on the diurnal variation of MFO during a graded exercise test in active men. Methods Using a triple-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover experimental design, 15 active caffeine-naïve men (age: 32 ± 7 years) completed …
#Fat-Secreted Ceramides Regulate Vascular Redox State and Influence Outcomes in Patients With #Cardiovascular Disease
https://2medical.news/2021/05/25/fat-secreted-ceramides-regulate-vascular-redox-state-and-influence-outcomes-in-patients-with-cardiovascular-disease/
https://2medical.news/2021/05/25/fat-secreted-ceramides-regulate-vascular-redox-state-and-influence-outcomes-in-patients-with-cardiovascular-disease/
2Medical.News
#Fat-Secreted Ceramides Regulate Vascular Redox State and Influence Outcomes in Patients With #Cardiovascular Disease
Obesity is associated with increased cardiovascular risk; however, the potential role of dysregulations in the adipose tissue (AT) metabolome is unknown. ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to expl…