Heavy #Cannabis Use Is Associated With Low Bone Mineral Density and an Increased Risk of #Fractures
http://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(16)30851-8/abstract
Heavy cannabis use is associated with low bone mineral density, low BMI, high bone turnover, and an increased risk of fracture. Heavy cannabis use negatively impacts on bone health both directly and indirectly through an effect on BMI.
http://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(16)30851-8/abstract
Heavy cannabis use is associated with low bone mineral density, low BMI, high bone turnover, and an increased risk of fracture. Heavy cannabis use negatively impacts on bone health both directly and indirectly through an effect on BMI.
Association Between Regular #Cannabis Use and #Ganglion Cell Dysfunction
http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2589167
Our results demonstrate a delay in transmission of action potentials by the ganglion cells in regular cannabis users, which could support alterations in vision. Our findings may be important from a public health perspective since they could highlight the neurotoxic effects of cannabis use on the central nervous system as a result of how it affects retinal processing.
http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2589167
Our results demonstrate a delay in transmission of action potentials by the ganglion cells in regular cannabis users, which could support alterations in vision. Our findings may be important from a public health perspective since they could highlight the neurotoxic effects of cannabis use on the central nervous system as a result of how it affects retinal processing.
Jamanetwork
Association Between Regular Cannabis Use and Ganglion Cell Dysfunction
This case-control study examines whether the regular use of cannabis can alter the function of retinal ganglion cells in humans.
#Cannabis-based medicine may cut seizures in half for those with tough-to-treat #epilepsy
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-04/aaon-cmm041417.php
"Our results suggest that cannabidiol may be effective for those with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in treating drop seizures," said Patel. "This is important because this kind of epilepsy is incredibly difficult to treat. While there were more side effects for those taking cannabidiol, they were mostly well-tolerated. I believe that it may become an important new treatment option for these patients."
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-04/aaon-cmm041417.php
"Our results suggest that cannabidiol may be effective for those with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in treating drop seizures," said Patel. "This is important because this kind of epilepsy is incredibly difficult to treat. While there were more side effects for those taking cannabidiol, they were mostly well-tolerated. I believe that it may become an important new treatment option for these patients."
EurekAlert!
Cannabis-based medicine may cut seizures in half for those with tough-to-treat epilepsy
Taking cannabidiol may cut seizures in half for some children and adults with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS), a severe form of epilepsy, according to new information released today from a large scale controlled clinical study that will be presented at the…
The effects of #Cannabis Among Adults With Chronic #Pain and an Overview of General Harms: A Systematic Review
http://annals.org/aim/article/2648595/effects-cannabis-among-adults-chronic-pain-overview-general-harms-systematic
Cannabis is increasingly available for the treatment of chronic pain, yet its efficacy remains uncertain From 27 chronic pain trials, there is low-strength evidence that cannabis alleviates neuropathic pain but insufficient evidence in other pain populations. According to 11 systematic reviews and 32 primary studies, harms in general population studies include increased risk for motor vehicle accidents, psychotic symptoms, and short-term cognitive impairment. Although adverse pulmonary effects were not seen in younger populations, evidence on most other long-term physical harms, in heavy or long-term cannabis users, or in older populations is insufficient
Limited evidence suggests that cannabis may alleviate neuropathic pain in some patients, but insufficient evidence exists for other types of chronic pain. Among general populations, limited evidence suggests that cannabis is associated with an increased risk for adverse mental health effects
http://annals.org/aim/article/2648595/effects-cannabis-among-adults-chronic-pain-overview-general-harms-systematic
Cannabis is increasingly available for the treatment of chronic pain, yet its efficacy remains uncertain From 27 chronic pain trials, there is low-strength evidence that cannabis alleviates neuropathic pain but insufficient evidence in other pain populations. According to 11 systematic reviews and 32 primary studies, harms in general population studies include increased risk for motor vehicle accidents, psychotic symptoms, and short-term cognitive impairment. Although adverse pulmonary effects were not seen in younger populations, evidence on most other long-term physical harms, in heavy or long-term cannabis users, or in older populations is insufficient
Limited evidence suggests that cannabis may alleviate neuropathic pain in some patients, but insufficient evidence exists for other types of chronic pain. Among general populations, limited evidence suggests that cannabis is associated with an increased risk for adverse mental health effects
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Effect of #cannabis use in people with chronic non-cancer #pain prescribed opioids: findings from a 4-year prospective cohort study
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/article/PIIS2468-2667(18)30110-5/fulltext?code=lancet-site
At 4-year follow-up, compared with people with no cannabis use, we found that participants who used cannabis had a greater pain severity score (risk ratio 1·14, 95% CI 1·01–1·29, for less frequent cannabis use; and 1·17, 1·03–1·32, for daily or near-daily cannabis use), greater pain interference score (1·21, 1·09–1·35; and 1·14, 1·03–1·26), lower pain self-efficacy scores (0·97, 0·96–1·00; and 0·98, 0·96–1·00), and greater generalised anxiety disorder severity scores (1·07, 1·03–1·12; and 1·10, 1·06–1·15). We found no evidence of a temporal relationship between cannabis use and pain severity or pain interference, and no evidence that cannabis use reduced prescribed opioid use or increased rates of opioid discontinuation.
Interpretation
Cannabis use was common in people with chronic non-cancer pain who had been prescribed opioids, but we found no evidence that cannabis use improved patient outcomes. People who used cannabis had greater pain and lower self-efficacy in managing pain, and there was no evidence that cannabis use reduced pain severity or interference or exerted an opioid-sparing effect. As cannabis use for medicinal purposes increases globally, it is important that large well designed clinical trials, which include people with complex comorbidities, are conducted to determine the efficacy of cannabis for chronic non-cancer pain
Effect of #cannabis use in people with chronic non-cancer #pain prescribed opioids: findings from a 4-year prospective cohort study
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/article/PIIS2468-2667(18)30110-5/fulltext?code=lancet-site
At 4-year follow-up, compared with people with no cannabis use, we found that participants who used cannabis had a greater pain severity score (risk ratio 1·14, 95% CI 1·01–1·29, for less frequent cannabis use; and 1·17, 1·03–1·32, for daily or near-daily cannabis use), greater pain interference score (1·21, 1·09–1·35; and 1·14, 1·03–1·26), lower pain self-efficacy scores (0·97, 0·96–1·00; and 0·98, 0·96–1·00), and greater generalised anxiety disorder severity scores (1·07, 1·03–1·12; and 1·10, 1·06–1·15). We found no evidence of a temporal relationship between cannabis use and pain severity or pain interference, and no evidence that cannabis use reduced prescribed opioid use or increased rates of opioid discontinuation.
Interpretation
Cannabis use was common in people with chronic non-cancer pain who had been prescribed opioids, but we found no evidence that cannabis use improved patient outcomes. People who used cannabis had greater pain and lower self-efficacy in managing pain, and there was no evidence that cannabis use reduced pain severity or interference or exerted an opioid-sparing effect. As cannabis use for medicinal purposes increases globally, it is important that large well designed clinical trials, which include people with complex comorbidities, are conducted to determine the efficacy of cannabis for chronic non-cancer pain
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One Month of #Cannabis Abstinence in Adolescents and Young Adults Is Associated With Improved #Memory
https://www.psychiatrist.com/JCP/article/Pages/2018/v79/17m11977.aspx
Among MJ-Abst participants, 55 (88.7%) met a priori criteria for biochemically confirmed 30-day continuous abstinence. There was an effect of abstinence on verbal memory (P = .002) that was consistent across 4 weeks of abstinence, with no time-by-abstinence interaction, and was driven by improved verbal learning in the first week of abstinence. MJ-Abst participants had better memory overall and at weeks 1, 2, 3 than MJ-Mon participants, and only MJ-Abst participants improved in memory from baseline to week 1. There was no effect of abstinence on attention: both groups improved similarly, consistent with a practice effect.
Conclusions: This study suggests that cannabis abstinence is associated with improvements in verbal learning that appear to occur largely in the first week following last use. Future studies are needed to determine whether the improvement in cognition with abstinence is associated with improvement in academic and other functional outcomes
One Month of #Cannabis Abstinence in Adolescents and Young Adults Is Associated With Improved #Memory
https://www.psychiatrist.com/JCP/article/Pages/2018/v79/17m11977.aspx
Among MJ-Abst participants, 55 (88.7%) met a priori criteria for biochemically confirmed 30-day continuous abstinence. There was an effect of abstinence on verbal memory (P = .002) that was consistent across 4 weeks of abstinence, with no time-by-abstinence interaction, and was driven by improved verbal learning in the first week of abstinence. MJ-Abst participants had better memory overall and at weeks 1, 2, 3 than MJ-Mon participants, and only MJ-Abst participants improved in memory from baseline to week 1. There was no effect of abstinence on attention: both groups improved similarly, consistent with a practice effect.
Conclusions: This study suggests that cannabis abstinence is associated with improvements in verbal learning that appear to occur largely in the first week following last use. Future studies are needed to determine whether the improvement in cognition with abstinence is associated with improvement in academic and other functional outcomes
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Association of #Cannabis Use in Adolescence and Risk of #Depression, Anxiety, and Suicidality in Young Adulthood
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/2723657
The OR of developing depression for cannabis users in young adulthood compared with nonusers was 1.37 (95% CI, 1.16-1.62; I2 = 0%). The pooled OR for anxiety was not statistically significant: 1.18 (95% CI, 0.84-1.67; I2 = 42%). The pooled OR for suicidal ideation was 1.50 (95% CI, 1.11-2.03; I2 = 0%), and for suicidal attempt was 3.46 (95% CI, 1.53-7.84, I2 = 61.3%).
Conclusions and Relevance Although individual-level risk remains moderate to low and results from this study should be confirmed in future adequately powered prospective studies, the high prevalence of adolescents consuming cannabis generates a large number of young people who could develop depression and suicidality attributable to cannabis. This is an important public health problem and concern, which should be properly addressed by health care policy.
Association of #Cannabis Use in Adolescence and Risk of #Depression, Anxiety, and Suicidality in Young Adulthood
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/2723657
The OR of developing depression for cannabis users in young adulthood compared with nonusers was 1.37 (95% CI, 1.16-1.62; I2 = 0%). The pooled OR for anxiety was not statistically significant: 1.18 (95% CI, 0.84-1.67; I2 = 42%). The pooled OR for suicidal ideation was 1.50 (95% CI, 1.11-2.03; I2 = 0%), and for suicidal attempt was 3.46 (95% CI, 1.53-7.84, I2 = 61.3%).
Conclusions and Relevance Although individual-level risk remains moderate to low and results from this study should be confirmed in future adequately powered prospective studies, the high prevalence of adolescents consuming cannabis generates a large number of young people who could develop depression and suicidality attributable to cannabis. This is an important public health problem and concern, which should be properly addressed by health care policy.
Jamanetwork
Cannabis Use in Adolescence and Risk of Depression, Anxiety, and Suicidality in Young Adulthood
This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the association of cannabis use during adolescence with risk of developing subsequent major depression, anxiety, and suicidal behavior in young adulthood.
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The contribution of #cannabis use to variation in the incidence of #psychotic disorder across Europe (EU-GEI): a multicentre case-control study
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(19)30048-3/fulltext
Daily cannabis use was associated with increased odds of psychotic disorder compared with never users (adjusted odds ratio OR 3·2, 95% CI 2·2–4·1), increasing to nearly five-times increased odds for daily use of high-potency types of cannabis (4·8, 2·5–6·3). The PAFs calculated indicated that if high-potency cannabis were no longer available, 12·2% (95% CI 3·0–16·1) of cases of first-episode psychosis could be prevented across the 11 sites, rising to 30·3% (15·2–40·0) in London and 50·3% (27·4–66·0) in Amsterdam. The adjusted incident rates for psychotic disorder were positively correlated with the prevalence in controls across the 11 sites of use of high-potency cannabis (r = 0·7; p=0·0286) and daily use (r = 0·8; p=0·0109).
Interpretation
Differences in frequency of daily cannabis use and in use of high-potency cannabis contributed to the striking variation in the incidence of psychotic disorder across the 11 studied sites. Given the increasing availability of high-potency cannabis, this has important implications for public health.
The contribution of #cannabis use to variation in the incidence of #psychotic disorder across Europe (EU-GEI): a multicentre case-control study
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(19)30048-3/fulltext
Daily cannabis use was associated with increased odds of psychotic disorder compared with never users (adjusted odds ratio OR 3·2, 95% CI 2·2–4·1), increasing to nearly five-times increased odds for daily use of high-potency types of cannabis (4·8, 2·5–6·3). The PAFs calculated indicated that if high-potency cannabis were no longer available, 12·2% (95% CI 3·0–16·1) of cases of first-episode psychosis could be prevented across the 11 sites, rising to 30·3% (15·2–40·0) in London and 50·3% (27·4–66·0) in Amsterdam. The adjusted incident rates for psychotic disorder were positively correlated with the prevalence in controls across the 11 sites of use of high-potency cannabis (r = 0·7; p=0·0286) and daily use (r = 0·8; p=0·0109).
Interpretation
Differences in frequency of daily cannabis use and in use of high-potency cannabis contributed to the striking variation in the incidence of psychotic disorder across the 11 studied sites. Given the increasing availability of high-potency cannabis, this has important implications for public health.
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#Acute Illness Associated With #Cannabis Use, by Route of Exposure: An Observational Study
https://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/2729208/acute-illness-associated-cannabis-use-route-exposure-observational-study
There were 9973 visits with an ICD-9-CM or ICD-10-CM code for cannabis use. Of these, 2567 (25.7%) visits were at least partially attributable to cannabis, and 238 of those (9.3%) were related to edible cannabis. Visits attributable to inhaled cannabis were more likely to be for cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (18.0% vs. 8.4%), and visits attributable to edible cannabis were more likely to be due to acute psychiatric symptoms (18.0% vs. 10.9%), intoxication (48% vs. 28%), and cardiovascular symptoms (8.0% vs. 3.1%). Edible products accounted for 10.7% of cannabis-attributable visits between 2014 and 2016 but represented only 0.32% of total cannabis sales in Colorado (in kilograms of tetrahydrocannabinol) in that period.
Visits attributable to inhaled cannabis are more frequent than those attributable to edible cannabis, although the latter is associated with more acute psychiatric visits and more ED visits than expected.
#Acute Illness Associated With #Cannabis Use, by Route of Exposure: An Observational Study
https://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/2729208/acute-illness-associated-cannabis-use-route-exposure-observational-study
There were 9973 visits with an ICD-9-CM or ICD-10-CM code for cannabis use. Of these, 2567 (25.7%) visits were at least partially attributable to cannabis, and 238 of those (9.3%) were related to edible cannabis. Visits attributable to inhaled cannabis were more likely to be for cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (18.0% vs. 8.4%), and visits attributable to edible cannabis were more likely to be due to acute psychiatric symptoms (18.0% vs. 10.9%), intoxication (48% vs. 28%), and cardiovascular symptoms (8.0% vs. 3.1%). Edible products accounted for 10.7% of cannabis-attributable visits between 2014 and 2016 but represented only 0.32% of total cannabis sales in Colorado (in kilograms of tetrahydrocannabinol) in that period.
Visits attributable to inhaled cannabis are more frequent than those attributable to edible cannabis, although the latter is associated with more acute psychiatric visits and more ED visits than expected.
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Association of #Depression, #Anxiety, and Trauma With #Cannabis Use During Pregnancy
..Depression, anxiety, and trauma diagnoses and symptoms were associated with higher odds of cannabis use among pregnant women in California. These results support previous qualitative findings that pregnant women self-report using cannabis to manage mood and stress and suggest a dose-response association, with higher odds of cannabis use associated with co-occurring depressive and anxiety disorders and greater depression severity. However, research is needed to determine the direction of these associations, because cannabis use might also cause or worsen mental health problems during pregnancy
..The health risks of prenatal cannabis use to the fetus are complex and may vary with administration mode and frequency of use; however, no amount of cannabis use during pregnancy has been shown to be safe. Pregnant women should be screened for cannabis use, asked about their reasons for use, educated about potential risks, and advised to quit. Furthermore, early screening for prenatal depression, anxiety, and trauma, and linkage to appropriate interventions might mitigate the risk of prenatal cannabis use..
https://bit.ly/2vP6lb0
Association of #Depression, #Anxiety, and Trauma With #Cannabis Use During Pregnancy
..Depression, anxiety, and trauma diagnoses and symptoms were associated with higher odds of cannabis use among pregnant women in California. These results support previous qualitative findings that pregnant women self-report using cannabis to manage mood and stress and suggest a dose-response association, with higher odds of cannabis use associated with co-occurring depressive and anxiety disorders and greater depression severity. However, research is needed to determine the direction of these associations, because cannabis use might also cause or worsen mental health problems during pregnancy
..The health risks of prenatal cannabis use to the fetus are complex and may vary with administration mode and frequency of use; however, no amount of cannabis use during pregnancy has been shown to be safe. Pregnant women should be screened for cannabis use, asked about their reasons for use, educated about potential risks, and advised to quit. Furthermore, early screening for prenatal depression, anxiety, and trauma, and linkage to appropriate interventions might mitigate the risk of prenatal cannabis use..
https://bit.ly/2vP6lb0
Jamanetwork
Association of Depression, Anxiety, and Trauma With Cannabis Use During Pregnancy
This cross-sectional study examines the association of depression, anxiety, and trauma diagnoses and symptoms with cannabis use during pregnancy.
The effects of #alcohol and #cannabis use on the cortical thickness of #cognitive control and salience brain networks in emerging adulthood: a cotwin control study
https://2medical.news/2021/01/28/the-effects-of-alcohol-and-cannabis-use-on-the-cortical-thickness-of-cognitive-control-and-salience-brain-networks-in-emerging-adulthood-a-cotwin-control-study/
Background Impairments in inhibitory control and its underlying brain networks (control/salience areas) are associated with substance misuse. Research often assumes a causal substance exposure effect on brain structure. This assumption remains largely untested and other factors (e.g., familial risk) may confound exposure effects. We leveraged a genetically-informative sample of 24-year-old twins and a quasi-experimental cotwin control design to separate alcohol or cannabis exposure effects during …
https://2medical.news/2021/01/28/the-effects-of-alcohol-and-cannabis-use-on-the-cortical-thickness-of-cognitive-control-and-salience-brain-networks-in-emerging-adulthood-a-cotwin-control-study/
Background Impairments in inhibitory control and its underlying brain networks (control/salience areas) are associated with substance misuse. Research often assumes a causal substance exposure effect on brain structure. This assumption remains largely untested and other factors (e.g., familial risk) may confound exposure effects. We leveraged a genetically-informative sample of 24-year-old twins and a quasi-experimental cotwin control design to separate alcohol or cannabis exposure effects during …
Associations between adolescent #cannabis use and young-adult functioning in three longitudinal twin studies
https://2medical.news/2021/04/01/associations-between-adolescent-cannabis-use-and-young-adult-functioning-in-three-longitudinal-twin-studies/
Observational studies have linked cannabis use to an array of negative outcomes, including psychiatric symptoms, cognitive impairment, and educational and occupational underachievement. These associations are particularly strong when cannabis use occurs in adolescence. Nevertheless, causality remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was thus to examine associations between prospectively assessed adolescent cannabis use and young-adult outcomes (psychiatric, cognitive, and socioeconomic) in three longitudinal studies …
https://2medical.news/2021/04/01/associations-between-adolescent-cannabis-use-and-young-adult-functioning-in-three-longitudinal-twin-studies/
Observational studies have linked cannabis use to an array of negative outcomes, including psychiatric symptoms, cognitive impairment, and educational and occupational underachievement. These associations are particularly strong when cannabis use occurs in adolescence. Nevertheless, causality remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was thus to examine associations between prospectively assessed adolescent cannabis use and young-adult outcomes (psychiatric, cognitive, and socioeconomic) in three longitudinal studies …
The associations between prenatal #cannabis use disorder and neonatal outcomes
https://2medical.news/2021/05/19/the-associations-between-prenatal-cannabis-use-disorder-and-neonatal-outcomes/
https://2medical.news/2021/05/19/the-associations-between-prenatal-cannabis-use-disorder-and-neonatal-outcomes/
2Medical.News
The associations between prenatal #cannabis use disorder and neonatal outcomes
Background and AimsCannabis use disorder (CUD) during pregnancy has increased dramatically in the United States (US). This study examined the associations between prenatal CUD and adverse neonatal …
Age-dependent association of #cannabis use with risk of #psychotic disorder
https://2medical.news/2024/06/06/age-dependent-association-of-cannabis-use-with-risk-of-psychotic-disorder/
https://2medical.news/2024/06/06/age-dependent-association-of-cannabis-use-with-risk-of-psychotic-disorder/
2Medical.News
Age-dependent association of #cannabis use with risk of #psychotic disorder
BackgroundEpidemiologic research suggests that youth cannabis use is associated with psychotic disorders. However, current evidence is based heavily on 20th-century data when cannabis was substanti…