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Food sources of #fructose-containing sugars and #glycaemic control: systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled intervention studies
https://www.bmj.com/content/363/bmj.k4644
Total fructose-containing sugars had no harmful effect on any outcome in substitution or subtraction studies, with a decrease seen in HbA1c in substitution studies (mean difference −0.22% (95% confidence interval to −0.35% to −0.08%), −25.9 mmol/mol (−27.3 to −24.4)), but a harmful effect was seen on fasting insulin in addition studies (4.68 pmol/L (1.40 to 7.96)) and ad libitum studies (7.24 pmol/L (0.47 to 14.00)). There was interaction by food source, with specific food sources showing beneficial effects (fruit and fruit juice) or harmful effects (sweetened milk and mixed sources) in substitution studies and harmful effects (sugars-sweetened beverages and fruit juice) in addition studies on at least one outcome. Most of the evidence was low quality.
Conclusions
Energy control and food source appear to mediate the effect of fructose-containing sugars on glycaemic control. Although most food sources of these sugars (especially fruit) do not have a harmful effect in energy matched substitutions with other macronutrients, several food sources of fructose-containing sugars (especially sugars-sweetened beverages) adding excess energy to diets have harmful effects. However, certainty in these estimates is low, and more high quality randomised controlled trials are needed.
Food sources of #fructose-containing sugars and #glycaemic control: systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled intervention studies
https://www.bmj.com/content/363/bmj.k4644
Total fructose-containing sugars had no harmful effect on any outcome in substitution or subtraction studies, with a decrease seen in HbA1c in substitution studies (mean difference −0.22% (95% confidence interval to −0.35% to −0.08%), −25.9 mmol/mol (−27.3 to −24.4)), but a harmful effect was seen on fasting insulin in addition studies (4.68 pmol/L (1.40 to 7.96)) and ad libitum studies (7.24 pmol/L (0.47 to 14.00)). There was interaction by food source, with specific food sources showing beneficial effects (fruit and fruit juice) or harmful effects (sweetened milk and mixed sources) in substitution studies and harmful effects (sugars-sweetened beverages and fruit juice) in addition studies on at least one outcome. Most of the evidence was low quality.
Conclusions
Energy control and food source appear to mediate the effect of fructose-containing sugars on glycaemic control. Although most food sources of these sugars (especially fruit) do not have a harmful effect in energy matched substitutions with other macronutrients, several food sources of fructose-containing sugars (especially sugars-sweetened beverages) adding excess energy to diets have harmful effects. However, certainty in these estimates is low, and more high quality randomised controlled trials are needed.
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How effective are trained #dogs at alerting their owners to changes in blood #glycaemic levels?: Variations in performance of glycaemia alert dogs
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0210092
Dogs varied in their performance, with median sensitivity to out-of-range episodes at 70% (25th percentile = 50, 75th percentile = 95). To hypoglycaemic episodes the median sensitivity was 83% (66–94%) while to hyperglyaemic episodes it was 67% (17–91%). The median positive predictive value (PPV) was 81% (68–94%), i.e. on average 81% of alerts occurred when glucose levels were out of target range. For four dogs, PPV was 100%. Individual characteristics of the dog, the partnership and the household were significantly associated with performance (e.g., whether the dog was previously a pet, when it was trained, whether its partner was an adult or child).
Conclusions
The large sample shows that the individual performance of dogs is variable, but overall their sensitivity and specificity to OOR episodes are better than previous studies suggest. Results show that optimal performance of glycaemic alert dogs depends not only on good initial and ongoing training, but also careful selection of dogs for the conditions in which they will be working
How effective are trained #dogs at alerting their owners to changes in blood #glycaemic levels?: Variations in performance of glycaemia alert dogs
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0210092
Dogs varied in their performance, with median sensitivity to out-of-range episodes at 70% (25th percentile = 50, 75th percentile = 95). To hypoglycaemic episodes the median sensitivity was 83% (66–94%) while to hyperglyaemic episodes it was 67% (17–91%). The median positive predictive value (PPV) was 81% (68–94%), i.e. on average 81% of alerts occurred when glucose levels were out of target range. For four dogs, PPV was 100%. Individual characteristics of the dog, the partnership and the household were significantly associated with performance (e.g., whether the dog was previously a pet, when it was trained, whether its partner was an adult or child).
Conclusions
The large sample shows that the individual performance of dogs is variable, but overall their sensitivity and specificity to OOR episodes are better than previous studies suggest. Results show that optimal performance of glycaemic alert dogs depends not only on good initial and ongoing training, but also careful selection of dogs for the conditions in which they will be working
journals.plos.org
How effective are trained dogs at alerting their owners to changes in blood glycaemic levels?: Variations in performance of glycaemia…
Aims Domestic dogs are trained to a wide variety of roles including an increasing number of medical assistance tasks. Glycaemia alert dogs are reported to greatly improve the quality of life of owners living with Type 1 diabetes. Research into their value…
Association of #glycaemic index and glycaemic load with type 2 #diabetes, #cardiovascular disease, #cancer, and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis of mega cohorts of more than 100 000 participants
https://2medical.news/2024/02/29/association-of-glycaemic-index-and-glycaemic-load-with-type-2-diabetes-cardiovascular-disease-cancer-and-all-cause-mortality-a-meta-analysis-of-mega-cohorts-of-more-than-100-000-partic/
https://2medical.news/2024/02/29/association-of-glycaemic-index-and-glycaemic-load-with-type-2-diabetes-cardiovascular-disease-cancer-and-all-cause-mortality-a-meta-analysis-of-mega-cohorts-of-more-than-100-000-partic/
2Medical.News
Association of #glycaemic index and glycaemic load with type 2 #diabetes, #cardiovascular disease, #cancer, and all-cause mortality:…
There is debate over whether the glycaemic index of foods relates to chronic disease. We aimed to assess the associations between glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) and type 2 diabetes, c…
Association of #glycaemic index and glycaemic load with type 2 #diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis of mega cohorts of more than 100 000 participants
https://2medical.news/2024/03/06/association-of-glycaemic-index-and-glycaemic-load-with-type-2-diabetes-cardiovascular-disease-cancer-and-all-cause-mortality-a-meta-analysis-of-mega-cohorts-of-more-than-100-000-particip/
https://2medical.news/2024/03/06/association-of-glycaemic-index-and-glycaemic-load-with-type-2-diabetes-cardiovascular-disease-cancer-and-all-cause-mortality-a-meta-analysis-of-mega-cohorts-of-more-than-100-000-particip/
2Medical.News
Association of #glycaemic index and glycaemic load with type 2 #diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all-cause mortality:…
BackgroundThere is debate over whether the glycaemic index of foods relates to chronic disease. We aimed to assess the associations between glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) and type 2 d…