6. 𝘗𝘭𝘪𝘦𝘳𝘴, 𝘊𝘶𝘵𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘴 𝘢𝘶𝘳 𝘚𝘤𝘳𝘦𝘸𝘥𝘳𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘴
𝘠𝘦𝘩 𝘣𝘢𝘴𝘪𝘤 𝘮𝘢𝘯𝘶𝘢𝘭 𝘵𝘰𝘰𝘭𝘴 𝘩𝘢𝘪𝘯 𝘫𝘰 𝘩𝘢𝘳 𝘬𝘢𝘢𝘮 𝘮𝘦𝘪𝘯 𝘢𝘢𝘵𝘦 𝘩𝘢𝘪𝘯.

𝘚𝘪𝘥𝘦 𝘊𝘶𝘵𝘵𝘦𝘳: 𝘌𝘹𝘵𝘳𝘢 𝘸𝘪𝘳𝘦𝘴 𝘬𝘰 𝘬𝘢𝘢𝘵𝘯𝘦 𝘬𝘦 𝘭𝘪𝘺𝘦.

𝘗𝘭𝘪𝘦𝘳𝘴: 𝘞𝘪𝘳𝘦𝘴 𝘬𝘰 𝘮𝘰𝘥𝘯𝘦 𝘺𝘢 𝘱𝘢𝘬𝘢𝘥𝘯𝘦 𝘬𝘦 𝘭𝘪𝘺𝘦.

𝘚𝘤𝘳𝘦𝘸𝘥𝘳𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘳: 𝘌𝘭𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘭 𝘱𝘢𝘯𝘦𝘭𝘴 𝘺𝘢 𝘨𝘢𝘥𝘨𝘦𝘵𝘴 𝘬𝘰 𝘬𝘩𝘰𝘭𝘯𝘦 𝘢𝘶𝘳 𝘣𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘬𝘢𝘳𝘯𝘦 𝘬𝘦 𝘭𝘪𝘺𝘦.

ᴛᴏᴘɪᴄ: ᴍᴀꜱᴛᴇʀɪɴɢ ᴄɪʀᴄᴜɪᴛ ᴀɴᴀʟʏꜱɪꜱ: ᴋɪʀᴄʜʜᴏꜰꜰ’ꜱ ʟᴀᴡꜱ ⚡️

ɪꜰ ᴏʜᴍ’ꜱ ʟᴀᴡ ɪꜱ ᴛʜᴇ ꜰᴏᴜɴᴅᴀᴛɪᴏɴ, ᴋɪʀᴄʜʜᴏꜰꜰ’ꜱ ʟᴀᴡꜱ ᴀʀᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ʀᴜʟᴇꜱ ᴏꜰ ᴛʜᴇ ɢᴀᴍᴇ. ᴇᴠᴇʀʏ ᴄᴏᴍᴘʟᴇx ᴄɪʀᴄᴜɪᴛ ꜰᴏʟʟᴏᴡꜱ ᴛʜᴇꜱᴇ ᴛᴡᴏ ꜱɪᴍᴘʟᴇ ᴘʀɪɴᴄɪᴘʟᴇꜱ:
1️⃣ ᴋɪʀᴄʜʜᴏꜰꜰ’ꜱ ᴄᴜʀʀᴇɴᴛ ʟᴀᴡ (ᴋᴄʟ): ᴛʜᴇ "ᴊᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ʀᴜʟᴇ." ᴛᴏᴛᴀʟ ᴄᴜʀʀᴇɴᴛ ᴇɴᴛᴇʀɪɴɢ ᴀ ᴊᴜɴᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ᴍᴜꜱᴛ ᴇQᴜᴀʟ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛᴏᴛᴀʟ ᴄᴜʀʀᴇɴᴛ ʟᴇᴀᴠɪɴɢ ɪᴛ. ᴄᴏɴᴄᴇᴘᴛ: ᴄʜᴀʀɢᴇ ᴄᴀɴɴᴏᴛ ʙᴇ ʟᴏꜱᴛ; ɪᴛ ᴊᴜꜱᴛ ꜰʟᴏᴡꜱ ᴛʜʀᴏᴜɢʜ! 🌊

2️⃣ ᴋɪʀᴄʜʜᴏꜰꜰ’ꜱ ᴠᴏʟᴛᴀɢᴇ ʟᴀᴡ (ᴋᴠʟ): ᴛʜᴇ "ʟᴏᴏᴘ ʀᴜʟᴇ." ᴛʜᴇ ꜱᴜᴍ ᴏꜰ ᴀʟʟ ᴇʟᴇᴄᴛʀɪᴄᴀʟ ᴘᴏᴛᴇɴᴛɪᴀʟ ᴅɪꜰꜰᴇʀᴇɴᴄᴇꜱ (ᴠᴏʟᴛᴀɢᴇ) ᴀʀᴏᴜɴᴅ ᴀɴʏ ᴄʟᴏꜱᴇᴅ ʟᴏᴏᴘ ɪꜱ ᴢᴇʀᴏ. ᴄᴏɴᴄᴇᴘᴛ: ᴇɴᴇʀɢʏ ɢᴀɪɴᴇᴅ ᴍᴜꜱᴛ ᴇQᴜᴀʟ ᴇɴᴇʀɢʏ ʟᴏꜱᴛ ɪɴ ᴀ ᴄɪʀᴄᴜɪᴛ. 🔄

ꜰᴏʀᴍᴜʟᴀᴇ ᴛᴏ ʀᴇᴍᴇᴍʙᴇʀ:ᴋᴄʟ: $\ꜱᴜᴍ ɪ_{ɪɴ} = \ꜱᴜᴍ ɪ_{ᴏᴜᴛ}$ᴋᴠʟ: $\ꜱᴜᴍ ᴠ = 0$ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴏɴᴇ ᴅᴏ ʏᴏᴜ ꜰɪɴᴅ ᴇᴀꜱɪᴇʀ ᴛᴏ ᴀᴘᴘʟʏ ɪɴ ᴄᴏᴍᴘʟᴇx ɴᴏᴅᴀʟ ᴀɴᴀʟʏꜱɪꜱ? ᴋᴄʟ ᴏʀ ᴋᴠʟ?

𝘖𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘭𝘰𝘢𝘥 𝘗𝘳𝘰𝘵𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 (𝘛𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘮𝘢𝘭 𝘖𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘭𝘰𝘢𝘥 𝘙𝘦𝘭𝘢𝘺)
𝘞𝘩𝘦𝘯 𝘢 𝘮𝘰𝘵𝘰𝘳 𝘤𝘢𝘳𝘳𝘪𝘦𝘴 𝘢 𝘭𝘰𝘢𝘥 𝘣𝘦𝘺𝘰𝘯𝘥 𝘪𝘵𝘴 𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘤𝘢𝘱𝘢𝘤𝘪𝘵𝘺, 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘶𝘳𝘳𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘧𝘭𝘰𝘸𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘰𝘶𝘨𝘩 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘸𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘯𝘨𝘴 𝘪𝘯𝘤𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘴𝘦𝘴 𝘴𝘪𝘨𝘯𝘪𝘧𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘯𝘵𝘭𝘺. 𝘛𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘦𝘹𝘤𝘦𝘴𝘴𝘪𝘷𝘦 𝘤𝘶𝘳𝘳𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘭𝘦𝘢𝘥𝘴 𝘵𝘰 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘨𝘦𝘯𝘦𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘩𝘪𝘨𝘩 𝘩𝘦𝘢𝘵 (𝘐
2:
𝘙 𝘭𝘰𝘴𝘴𝘦𝘴), 𝘸𝘩𝘪𝘤𝘩 𝘤𝘢𝘯 𝘥𝘢𝘮𝘢𝘨𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘪𝘯𝘴𝘶𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘭𝘦𝘢𝘥 𝘵𝘰 𝘮𝘰𝘵𝘰𝘳 𝘧𝘢𝘪𝘭𝘶𝘳𝘦.

• 𝘏𝘰𝘸 𝘪𝘵 𝘸𝘰𝘳𝘬𝘴: 𝘛𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘵𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘴𝘤𝘩𝘦𝘮𝘦 𝘵𝘺𝘱𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘭𝘭𝘺 𝘶𝘵𝘪𝘭𝘪𝘻𝘦𝘴 𝘉𝘪𝘮𝘦𝘵𝘢𝘭𝘭𝘪𝘤 𝘖𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘭𝘰𝘢𝘥 𝘙𝘦𝘭𝘢𝘺𝘴.

• 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘔𝘦𝘤𝘩𝘢𝘯𝘪𝘴𝘮: 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘳𝘦𝘭𝘢𝘺 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘢𝘪𝘯𝘴 𝘢 𝘣𝘪𝘮𝘦𝘵𝘢𝘭𝘭𝘪𝘤 𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘱 (𝘮𝘢𝘥𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘸𝘰 𝘮𝘦𝘵𝘢𝘭𝘴 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘥𝘪𝘧𝘧𝘦𝘳𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘦𝘹𝘱𝘢𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘴).