⚜Sea of Marmara

🏵 Sea of Marmara is an inland sea partly separating the Asiatic and European parts of Turkey.

🏵 It is connected through the Bosporus on the northeast with the Black Sea and through
the Dardanelles on the southwest with the Aegean Sea.

🏵It has no strong currents.
Salinity, which averages 22 parts per thousand, is greatest at the end nearest the Dardanelles.

🏵The sea was formed as a result of crustal movements that occurred about 2.5 million years ago.

🏵It is an area of frequent earthquakes. The sea has two distinct island groups. The first is the Kızıl Islands in the northeast near Istanbul;

🏵These islands are primarily resort areas. The second group consists of the Marmara islands proper in the southwest, off Kapıdagı Peninsula; These have granite, slate, and marble that have been quarried since antiquity—hence the sea’s name

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#Not_a_landlocked_country

SYRIA

Not a landlocked country

Bordering countries : Turkey, Iraq, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel

Sea : Opens to meditarranean sea

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⚜Bab el-Mandeb Strait

🏵 Bab el-Mandeb Strait is a strait between Arabia (northeast) and Africa (southwest) that connects
the Red Sea (northwest) with the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean (southeast).

🏵With the building of the Suez Canal, the strait assumed great strategic and economic importance, forming a portion of the link between the Mediterranean Sea and East Asia.

🏵The fl ow through this strait provides for the circulation between the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, since no fl ow takes place through the Suez Canal.

🏵The strait’s Arabic name means “the gate of tears,” so called from the dangers that formerly attended its navigation.

▪️Indus Waters Treaty

▪️The Indus system comprises of main Indus River, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej.

▪️The basin is mainly shared by India and Pakistan with a small share for China and Afghanistan.

▪️Under the treaty signed between India and Pakistan in 1960, all the waters of three rivers, namely Ravi,Sutlej and Beas ( Eastern Rivers) were allocated to India for exclusive use.

▪️While, the waters of Western rivers - Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab were allocated to Pakistan except for specified domestic , non-consumptive and agricultural use permitted to India as provided in the Treaty.

▪️India has also been given the right to generate hydroelectricity through run of the river(RoR) projects on the Western Rivers which, subject to specific criteria for design and operation is unrestricted.

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#Places_in_News

▪️ Mauritius

In Headlines: Mauritius Oil Spill - A japanese bulk-carrier ship which was carrying fuel oil has split into two parts in south-east Mauritius.

Important Info:

Mauritius is situated just above the Tropic of Capricorn, in the south of Indian Ocean.

Mauritius is a member of the African Union, Indian Ocean Rim Association and the Indian Ocean Commission.

It is also a founding-member of the ‘Small Island Developing States’ (SIDS).

India is Mauritius’s largest trading partner and has been the largest exporter of goods and services since 2007.

Mauritius is the second largest source of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) for India after Singapore.
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⚜Tyrrhenian Sea

🏵The Tyrrhenian Sea is part of the Mediterranean Sea, located off of the western coast of Italy.

🏵It’s bordered in the west by Corsica and Sardinia, in the north by the Isle of Elba, and in the
south by Sicily.

🏵The southwestern boundaries are an estimate at best, as it depends on where the sea actually
ends.

🏵In addition to Corsica, Elba, Sardinia and Sicily, it contains many popular small islands, including Capri, Elba and Ustica, and the active volcano of Stomboli. Cagliari, Civitavecchia, Naples and
Palermo are its chief ports.

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🏵Major Manganese Ore mining centre across world

□ South Africa - Kuruman area of Kalahari Basin.

□ Gabon - Moanda.

□ Australia - Groote Eylandt in the Gulf of Carpenteria.

□ Russia - Nikopol Basin, Urals, Western and Eastern Siberia.

□ Brazil - The Serra doNavio and Corumba district of MatoGrosso.

□ Mexico - Molango region.

Manganese Ore reserves (in descending order)

□ Odisha
□ Karnataka
□ Madhya Pradesh
□ Maharashtra

□ Manganese Ore production (in descending order)
□ Madhya Pradesh
□ Odisha
□ Maharashtra
□ Karnata

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🏵Australia and South Africa hold a large share of the world’s gold mine reserves, accounting for 10,000 metric tons and 5,300 metric tons, respectively.

□ There are three gold fields in the country, namely Kolar Gold Field, Kolar district, Hutti Gold
Field in Raichur district (both in Karnataka) and Ramgiri Gold Field in Anantpur district (Andhra Pradesh).

□ Karnataka is the largest producer of gold in India.

🏵The ten largest gold mines in the world:

South Deep gold mine, South Africa
Grasberg gold mine, Indonesia
Olimpiada gold mine, Russia
Lihir gold mine, Papua New Guinea
Norte Abierto gold mine, Chile
Carlin Trend gold mine, USA
Boddington gold mine,Western Australia
Mponeng gold mine, South Africa
Pueblo Viejo gold mine, Dominican Republic
Cortez gold mine, USA

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THE GREAT GREEN WALL

🔸The Great Green Wall is an African-led movement with an epic ambition to grow an 8,000km natural wonder of the world across the entire width of Africa to combat the increasing desertification.

🔸The Wall promises to be a compelling solution to the many urgent threats not only facing the African Continent, but the global community as a whole – notably climate change, drought, famine, conflict and migration.

🔸 Once complete, the Great Green Wall will be the largest living structure on the planet, 3 times the size of the Great Barrier Reef.

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States through which tropic of cancer passes in india

1) Gujarat
2) Rajasthan
3) Madhya Pradesh
4) Chattisgarh
5) Jharkhand
6) West Bengal
7) Tripura
8) Mizoram

Trick :- Rajiv (Rajasthan) Gandhi (Gujarat) Made (M.p) Chief (Chattisgarh) Justice (Jharkhand) to Wait (w. bengal) for The (Tripura) Meeting (Mizoram)

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Prime Meridian

🔸The prime meridian is a geographical reference line which passes through the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, in London, England.

🔸In the International Meridian Conference the meridian passing through Greenwich was selected as the offi cial prime meridian because of its popularity.

🔸The Prime Meridian passes through 8 Countries and 1 Territory, which are spread across three continents: Europe, Africa & Antarctica. In Europe UK, France, Spain In Africa Algeria, Mali, Burkina Faso, Togo, Ghana Territory Antarctica (Queen Maud Land)

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▪️Major Soil Types of India

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🔰Indian States & Union territory which shares border along with China
 
▪️The entire China-Indian border (including the western LAC, the small undisputed section in the centre, and the McMahon Line in the east) is 4,056 km (2,520 mi) long and traverses.

🔰One Indian union territory annd four Indian states, i.e:
1) Ladakh,
2) Uttarakhand,
3) Himachal Pradesh,
4) Sikkim,
5) Arunachal Pradesh.

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