❀Glaciers in India❀

□ Important For UPSC CSE, AFCAT, CDS, NDA, CAPF and etc.

▪️Name State Mountain Range

□ Batura Glacier Ladakh Karakoram Mountain Range

□ Khurdopin Glacier Ladakh Karakoram Mountain Range

□ Hispar Glacier Ladakh Karakoram Mountain Range

□ Biafo Glacier Ladakh Karakoram Mountain Range

□ Baltoro Glacier Ladakh Karakoram Mountain Range

□ Chomolungma glacier Ladakh Karakoram Mountain Range

□ Diamir Glacier Ladakh Karakoram Mountain Range

□ Siachen Glacier Ladakh Karakoram Mountain Range

□ Gangotri Glacier Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand Himalayas

□ Milam Glacier Uttarakhand Trishul peak of Pithoragarh

□ Pindari glacier Nanda Devi, Uttarakhand Upper reaches of the Kumaon Himalayas

□ Zemu Glacier Sikkim Eastern Himalaya Located on Kanchenjunga peak.

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❀Why in news?

▪️The Assam government
has decided in July 2020
to upgrade Dehing Patkai
Wildlife Sanctuary into a
national park.

❀Description:

□ Post upgrasation this would be the sixth National park
of Assam.

□ The Wildlife Sanctuary is a part of Dehing Patkai Elephant
Reserve, which is also spreads across the coal- and oil- rich districts of Upper Assam (Dibrugarh, Tinsukia and
Sivasagar).

□ It is also last patch of rainforest within the boundaries of Assam. It is also referred as amazon of the East.

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#Water_treaty
▪️The Indus Water treaty

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▪️Indus Waters Treaty

▪️The Indus system comprises of main Indus River, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej.

▪️The basin is mainly shared by India and Pakistan with a small share for China and Afghanistan.

▪️Under the treaty signed between India and Pakistan in 1960, all the waters of three rivers, namely Ravi,Sutlej and Beas ( Eastern Rivers) were allocated to India for exclusive use.

▪️While, the waters of Western rivers - Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab were allocated to Pakistan except for specified domestic , non-consumptive and agricultural use permitted to India as provided in the Treaty.

▪️India has also been given the right to generate hydroelectricity through run of the river(RoR) projects on the Western Rivers which, subject to specific criteria for design and operation is unrestricted.

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#International_Organizations
#Trick_Mnemonic

Trick to Remember G-20 Countries--

GURU JI SITA AB SSC FCI ME kaam karti hain

G- Germany

U- USA

R- Russia

U- U.K

J- Japan

I- India

S- Saudi Arabia

I- Indonesia

T- Turkey

A- Australia

A- Argentina

B- Brazil

S- South Korea

S- South Africa

C- Canada

F- France

C- China

I- Italy

M- Mexico

E- European union

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#Not_a_landlocked_country

Iraq

Not a landlocked country

Bordering countries :
Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait

Opens to : Persian Gulf

Important cities : Baghdad, Mosul, Kirkuk

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#Places_in_News

▪️ Turkey

Located in West Asia.

Bordered by : Bulgaria, Greece, Georgia, Armenia, Iran, Iraq and Syria.

[ Remember as Turkey - GIGIBAS ]

Sea: Opens out Black sea to the North, Mediterranean Sea to the South, Sea of Marmara in north west and Aegean sea in the west.

Important information: Hagia Sophia, UNESCO World Heritage site which was converted into mosque recently was located in Turkey.
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The Vindhyan Range

□ Geography
Vindhya Range, a broken range of hills forming the southern escarpment of the central upland of India.
From Gujarat state on the west, it extends about 675 miles (1,086 km) across Madhya Pradesh state to abut on the Ganges (Ganga) River valley near Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh.
The mountains form the southern edge of the Malwa Plateau and then divide into two branches: the Kaimur Range, running north of the Son River into western Bihar state, and the southern branch, running between the upper reaches of the Son and Narmada rivers to meet the Satpura Range in the Maikala Range (or Amarkantak Plateau).

□ Highest Peak
The highest point of the Vindhyas is the Sad-bhawna Shikhar (“Goodwill Peak”), which lies 2,467 feet (752 m) above the sea level. Also known as the Kalumar peak or Kalumbe peak, it lies near Singrampur in the Damoh district, in the area known as Bhanrer or Panna hills.

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❀Godavari & Its Tributaries❀

□ The river Godavari, the largest of the peninsular rivers, and third largest in India, drains about 10% of India’s total geographical area.

□ The catchment area of the river is 3,12,812 sq km and is spread in the states of Maharashtra (48.6%), Andhra Pradesh (23.4%), Madhya Pradesh (10.0%), Chhattisgarh (10.9%), Orissa (5.7%) and Karnataka (1.4%).

□ The river Godavari rises at an elevation of 1,067 m in the Western Ghats near Thriambak Hills in the Nasik district of Maharashtra.

□ The largest tributary of the Godavari is the Pranhita with about 34.87% coverage of drainage area.

The Pravara, Manjira and Maner are right bank tributaries covering about 16.14%, the
Purna, Pranhita, Indravathi and Sabari are important left bank tributaries, covering nearly 59.7% of the total catchment area of the basin.

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Mica Distribution

□ The three major types of mica found in India are: muscovite (potash or white mica), phlogopite
(magnesium or amber mica) and biotite.
□ Important mica bearing pegmatite occurs in Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan and Telangana.
□ Andhra Pradesh leads with 41% share in country’s total resources followed by
□ Rajasthan (28%)
□ Odisha (17%)
□ Maharashtra (13%)
□ Bihar (2%) and
□ Small quantities in Jharkhand and Telangana.

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Chukchi Sea

□Chukchi Sea is a part of the Arctic Ocean, bounded by Wrangel Island (west), northeastern Siberia and
northwestern Alaska (south), the Beaufort Sea (east), and the Arctic continental slope (north).

□ It has an area of 225,000 square miles (582,000 square km) and an average depth of 253 feet
(77 m).

□ The sea is navigable between July and October both eastward and westward from the shallow Bering Strait, and ice-bearing currents fl ow southeastward along the Siberian coast.

□Seals of several species and walrus are indigenous, and whales and many seabirds are summer
visitors.
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