▪ The major concerns with the use of rifampin are drug-interactions related to its ability to induce several isoforms of P=450. This can reduce plasma levels of many drugs including anticoagulants, immunosuppressants, and protease inhibitors.
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▪ Orange-red coloration of tears, sweat & urine (harmless, but may stain contact lenses & clothing).

#Infectious_disease

Vancomycin
⬇️
▪ Nephrotoxicity
▪ risk increases with dose and duration of treatment.
▪ Increased risk if giving with other nephrotoxic drugs such as aminoglycosides
▪ Ototoxicity (rare) (increased risk if giving with aminoglycosides)
▪ Hypersensitivity (maculopapular skin rash)
▪ Hypotension & “Red Man Syndrome” (flushing due to histamine release) if given i.v. in less than 1 hour
▪ Phlebosclerotic (vancomycin is irritating to tissue).

#Infectious_disease

Vegetations composed of layers of fibrin and platelets develop most commonly at sites of endothelial damage and turbulent blood flow, conditions commonly associated with damaged or dysfunctional heart valves.

#Infectious_disease

Aminoglycosides may be given with beta-lactam medications to facilitate transport of aminoglycoside across the cellular membrane, resulting in a synergistic effect and increasing drug effectiveness.

#Infectious_disease

Antibiotics and Basic Mechanisms of action

#Infectious_disease

The Bombay blood group is a rare blood group, phenotypes of this group lacking H antigen on the red cell membrane and have anti-H in the serum.
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It fails to express any A, B or H antigen on their red cells or other tissues.

#Hematology

LMWH or UH forms an inhibitory complex with antithrombin and inactivates factor Xa.
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Therefore, the excess amount of factor Xa remaining in the sample is inversely proportional to the original amount of LMWH or UH. Consequently, higher levels of LMWH or UH in the sample lead to lower chromogenic intensity.

#Hematology

NSAIDs cause an increased risk of serious cardiovascular (CV) thrombotic events, including myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, which can be fatal.
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This risk may occur early in treatment and may increase with duration of use.
Piroxicam is contraindicated in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.

#pharmacology

Fixed drug eruption, in which one or more erythematous or violaceous annular lesions recur in the same location(s) with each re-exposure to the offending drug.
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The lesions resolve with hyperpigmentation.

#Dermatology

Semiquantitative tests are used to evaluate enzyme function through reducing NADP to NADPH. However, G6PD levels may appear normal during acute hemolytic episodes when brisk reticulocytosis occurs because reticulocytes have higher G6PD activity than older erythrocytes.

#Hematology

Auscultatory findings of chronic mitral regurgitation, including a high-pitched, blowing holosystolic murmur, ending with S2.
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This murmur is loudest at the apex.
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The murmur of chronic mitral regurgitation classically radiates to the left axilla and left scapular area.

#Cardiology

The peripheral blood smear from this patient with myelodysplastic syndrome shows a dysplastic neutrophil (white arrow) with hypogranular cytoplasm and a dysplastic nucleus.
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A nucleated erythrocyte is also seen in this field (black arrow).

#Hematology

Cisplatin-based therapy results in a cumulative anemia that is disproportionate to the effects on other blood cells.
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The severity of this treatment-induced anemia and the resultant transfusion requirement in cancer patients correlate with cisplatin-induced renal tubular dysfunction.

#Hematology
#Nephrology

Plasma haptoglobin is decreased in immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP).
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Plasma factor XIII is decreased in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).

#Hematology

Platelet function tests check your platelets' ability to form clots. Platelet function tests include: Closure time.
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This test measures the time it takes for platelets in a blood sample to plug a small hole in a tiny tube.

#Hematology

Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) represents a potentially serious complication of CART therapy. It is a cytokine-mediated systemic inflammatory response which occurs in concert with in vivo CART activation and expansion.

#Hematology

Uremic frost is the dermatologic manifestation of profound azotemia and occurs when urea and other nitrogenous waste products accumulate in sweat and crystallize after evaporation.
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It is most frequently observed on the areas of skin with eccrine glands and hair (such as the scalp, neck, face, forearms, and chest) and can be easily wiped away.

#nephrology
#Dermatology

• Primary hemostasis
◦ Vascular hemostasis: transient vasoconstriction and vWF activation following endothelial injury
◦ Platelet hemostasis: adhesion, activation, and aggregation of platelets, which results in the formation of a platelet plug (white thrombus)
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• Secondary hemostasis: activation of the coagulation cascade, which results in the formation of a fibrin clot (red thrombus)

#Hematology

Acquired deficiency of Factor X is common in patient with amyloidosis.
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Factor X involved in the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathway, so deficiency will prolong both PT and PTT.

#Hematology

• Cryoprecipitate contains
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Fibrinogen, factor VIII, von Willebrand's factor, factor XIII and fibronectin.

#Hematology