We need to translate Russian news post into natural English, format per rules.

First line: short headline under 90 chars, no markdown, no '#'.

Then blank line, then body split into short paragraphs (2-3 sentences each), separated by blank lines.

Wrap few genuinely important facts — key numbers, percentages, drug/company/gene names, dates — in double asterisks . At most 4-5 per post, never a whole sentence.

Wrap study/journal citations and publication references in single underscores _ (e.g., Nature Aging, July 2026).

We must preserve all facts, numbers, names, citations exactly. No commentary.

We need to identify important facts: dates (23 August, 2024 article, pilot on eight elderly marmosets, six animals eight weeks receiving weekly doses, blood collected every two weeks). Also numbers: eight marmosets, six animals, two controls, eight weeks, weekly doses, every two weeks. Also maybe mention "CD4+ T-cells", "mitochondria", "antibody". But we need to limit to 4-5 double asterisks. Choose most important: date of interview (23 August), year of article (2024), number of marmosets (8), duration of pilot (8 weeks), frequency of dosing (weekly). That's 5.

We must wrap each in double asterisks, not whole sentence. So embed within sentences.

Also need to wrap study/journal citations in single underscores. There's mention of "article 2024 года, где он был первым автором" – we need to treat as citation? It says "В статье 2024 года, где он был первым автором". Not a journal name, just year. Could treat as 2024 article? But rule: wrap study/journal citations and publication references in single underscores. So we need to identify any citation like a journal name. There's none explicit besides maybe "article 2024 года". Could treat as 2024 article but that's not a journal. Might be okay. Also mention "Майкл Уэст в гипотезе о частичном перепрограммировании" – not a citation. So we can put the 2024 article reference in underscores: 2024 article.

Also maybe mention "пилот на восьми пожилых мармозетках" – not a citation.

Thus we will have one underscored citation.

Now produce headline: something like "Calvin Hedley proposes using mitochondria as temporary signal carriers to rejuvenate immune cells". Count characters: let's count: "Calvin Hedley proposes using mitochondria as temporary signal carriers to rejuvenate immune cells". Count: C(1)... Let's approximate: "Calvin Hedley proposes using mitochondria as temporary signal carriers to rejuvenate immune cells". Count characters including spaces: Let's count: Calvin(6) + space=7, Hedley(6)=13, space=14, proposes(8)=22, space=23, using(6)=29, space=30, mitochondria(12)=42, space=43, as(2)=45, space=46, temporary(9)=55, space=56, signal(6)=62, space=63, carriers(7)=70, space=71, to(2)=73, space=74, rejuvenate(10)=84, space=85, immune(6)=91, space=92, cells(5)=97. That's 97 >90. Need under 90. Maybe shorten: "Calvin Hedley proposes mitochondria as temporary signal carriers for immune rejuvenation". Count: Calvin(6)+space=7+Hedley(6)=13+space=14+proposes(8)=22+space=23+mitochondria(12)=35+space=36+as(2)=38+space=39+temporary(9)=48+space=49+signal(6)=55+space=56+carriers(7)=63+space=64+for(3)=67+space=68+immune(6)=74+space=75+rejuvenation(12)=87. That's 87 characters, good.

Now blank line.

Now body paragraphs, each 2-3 sentences.

We need to embed double asterisks for key facts: 23 August, 2024, 8, 8 weeks, weekly maybe.

We need to ensure not whole sentence wrapped.

Let's craft paragraphs.

Paragraph 1: Introduce Hedley's proposal, mention interview date, mitochondria as temporary signal carriers.…

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Ancient mitochondrial DNA yields antimicrobial peptides

Researchers searched 2,025 ancient human mitogenomes for peptide‑encoding sequences, translated the DNA into possible amino‑acid chains, modeled where cellular enzymes could cut them, and used a machine‑learning model to select 65 candidates from 741,575 fragments. They then synthesized 38 peptides and tested their ability to inhibit growth of 16 bacterial strains.

One peptide, mitochondrin-32, inhibited growth of ten strains. Swapping a few amino acids changed activity, indicating that a precise configuration of hydrophobic and positively charged residues is required for the antibacterial effect.

Fluorescent dyes that report membrane permeability and inner‑membrane potential showed that some peptides gave a strong signal, others a weak one, even though both suppressed bacterial growth. The authors suggest that mitochondrially derived peptides (mitocrins) act through several pathways against bacteria.

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Model Links Knee Fat Proteins to Cartilage Gene Activity

On 22 August, a study appeared in Aging Cell, 22 August showing how to trace the path from extracellular proteins to cellular response. The authors combined data on age‑related changes in the knee infrapatellar fat pad with a map of gene activity in human cartilage, then compared the prediction with earlier cell experiments. Chondrocytes reside next to the infrapatellar fat pad, which secretes proteins whose composition shifts with age.

In a 2025 experiment, old mouse chondrocytes responded differently to medium from young versus old fat pads. Medium from young pads boosted production of extracellular matrix proteins, the material that supports cartilage. This raised the question of which cell‑surface receptors transmit the external signal to alter gene expression inside chondrocytes.

To answer it, the researchers took 30 proteins that differed between young and old fat‑pad secretions and used the NicheNet database to predict receptors that could bind them. They mapped those receptors onto a gene‑network of human cartilage built from 18 healthy and 20 osteoarthritic knee samples. Starting from the receptors, an algorithm ranked genes by their proximity in the network.

The prediction was tested against a published experiment where old mouse chondrocytes were incubated for 72 hours in young or old fat‑pad medium; 84 genes changed activity between the two conditions. The model and the data agreed on pathways of cellular respiration, including assembly of mitochondrial complex I

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We need to translate Russian news post into natural English, format per rules.

First line: short headline under 90 chars, no markdown.

Then blank line, then body split into short paragraphs (2-3 sentences each), separated by blank lines.

Wrap few genuinely important facts — key numbers, percentages, drug/company/gene names, dates — in double asterisks . At most 4-5 per post, never a whole sentence.

Wrap study/journal citations and publication references in single underscores _ (e.g., Nature Aging, July 2026).

We need to preserve all facts, numbers, names, citations exactly. No commentary.

We need to identify important facts: numbers: 246, 17 августа (August 17), 2013, 70 миллионов (70 million), 600, Polymath8b, Lean 4, PrimeGapsLib, AxiomProver, Axiom Math, etc. Also date: August 17 (IEEE Spectrum reported). Also maybe "2013". Also "70 million". Also "600". Also "246". Also "Lean 4". Also "PrimeGapsLib". Also "AxiomProver". Also "Axiom Math". Also maybe "IEEE Spectrum". Also "Polymath8b". Also "2013". Also "70 million". Also "600". Also "246". Also "August 17". Also maybe "2026"? No.

We need at most 4-5 double asterisks. So we need to select only the most important facts. Probably: 246, 70 million, 600, August 17, 2013. That's five. Could also include Lean 4? But that's a tool name, maybe not needed as double asterisk? The rule says wrap key numbers, percentages, drug/company/gene names, dates. Company names could be considered? Axiom Math is a company; maybe we could wrap that. But we need at most 4-5. Let's choose: 246, 70 million, 600, August 17, 2013. That's five.

We must not wrap whole sentences. So we need to embed these within sentences, not wrap entire sentence.

Now citations: we have IEEE Spectrum article (August 17). Also maybe "Polymath8b" is a project, not a citation. There's no journal citation besides IEEE Spectrum (a magazine). We need to wrap study/journal citations and publication references in single underscores. So we should wrap IEEE Spectrum, August 17 maybe. Or IEEE Spectrum with date? The example: Nature Aging, July 2026. So we can do IEEE Spectrum, August 17. That is a publication reference.

Also maybe there is a citation for the Polymath8b project? Not a journal. So just that.

Thus we will have one underscored citation.

Now we need to produce body paragraphs, each 2-3 sentences.

Let's outline:

Paragraph 1: Axiom Math translated a proof into verifiable code: they formalized the bound that infinitely many adjacent primes are at most 246 apart. On August 17, IEEE Spectrum reported that the team published this formalization; the program checks the proof according to logical rules.

Paragraph 2: AxiomProver generated Lean 4 code, and project participants verified and compiled it into the library PrimeGapsLib. Its modules can be reused in future formal proofs.

Paragraph 3: The twin prime conjecture asks whether there are infinitely many prime pairs with difference two; this remains open. In 2013, Yitang Zhang proved that the gap between infinitely many consecutive primes can be bounded by 70 million. James Maynard reduced the bound to 600, and the Polymath8b project further reduced it to 246—the bound that Axiom formalized.

Paragraph 4: Ordinary proofs reside in article text and calculations. Axiom first created a detailed map of definitions, lemmas, and dependencies. Based on these formal goals, AxiomProver generated Lean 4 proofs, where the proof is written as a program and the checker verifies each step against logical rules. Participants then checked the code and organized it into the library.…

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We need to translate Russian news post into natural fluent English, format per rules.

We need a short headline under 90 chars, no markdown, first line only.

Then blank line, then body split into short paragraphs (2-3 sentences each), separated by blank lines.

We need to wrap few genuinely important facts — key numbers, percentages, drug/company/gene names, dates — in double asterisks . At most 4-5 per post, never a whole sentence.

Wrap study/journal citations and publication references in single underscores _ (e.g., Nature Aging, July 2026).

We must preserve all facts, numbers, names, citations exactly. No added commentary.

We need to identify citations: The text mentions "21 августа в эссе об органоидах сопоставили две задачи." That's a date: August 21 (year unspecified). Also "В работе 2013 года описан FIS-тест". So citation: work 2013 year. Also "В работе на восьми редких вариантах CFTR результаты FIS сопоставили с ответом на модификаторы CFTR: шесть участников начали терапию, а авторы зафиксировали рост функции лёгких и снижение хлорида в поте." That's a study but not given journal name. Might need to treat as citation? The rule: wrap study/journal citations and publication references in single underscores. So we need to put something like 2013 work? But we need to preserve exactly the citation as given. The Russian says "В работе 2013 года описан FIS-тест". That is a reference to a work from 2013. We can wrap "2013 года" maybe? But we need to keep the fact. Probably we should wrap the year in double asterisks as a key number? Actually numbers: 2013, six patients, eight rare variants, 256 tumor organoids, six patients started therapy, etc. We need to select at most 4-5 double asterisk facts.

Important facts: date August 21 (maybe year unknown), six patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, tumor organoid test didn't shrink tumor in any, six patients started therapy (CFTR), eight rare CFTR variants, 256 tumor organoid bank, maybe also "FIS-test" but that's a method name not a number.

We need to be selective: maybe choose: August 21, six patients, eight rare CFTR variants, 256 tumor organoids, six patients started therapy. That's five.

Now we need to wrap study/journal citations in single underscores. The text mentions "В работе 2013 года описан FIS-тест". Could treat that as a citation: work 2013. Also maybe "В работе на восьми редких вариантах CFTR". Could treat as study on eight rare CFTR variants. But we need to preserve exactly the citation as given? The rule: wrap study/journal citations and publication references in single underscores (e.g., Nature Aging, July 2026). So we need to identify any explicit citation like a journal name. There's none besides "работа 2013 года". That's not a journal but a work. We could still wrap "2013 года" maybe? But that's a date, already double asterisk? Might conflict. Better to treat the phrase "В работе 2013 года" as a citation and wrap whole phrase in single underscores? But that would include Russian text; we are translating to English, so we need to translate the content but keep the citation reference. So we could translate as "work from 2013" or "study 2013". But we must preserve facts exactly; we can translate but keep the meaning. The rule says preserve all facts, numbers, names and citations exactly. So we need to keep the citation exactly as it appears? The original Russian: "В работе 2013 года описан FIS-тест". If we translate, we need to keep the fact that it's a 2013 work describing FIS test. We could render as "work from 2013". That preserves the fact (2013) and the nature (work). It's not exactly the same string but the fact is preserved. Probably acceptable.…

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We need to translate Russian news post into natural English, format per rules.

First line: short headline under 90 chars, no markdown. Then blank line, then body split into short paragraphs (2-3 sentences each), separated by blank lines.

We need to wrap few genuinely important facts — key numbers, percentages, drug/company/gene names, dates — in double asterisks. At most 4-5 per post. Also wrap study/journal citations and publication references in single underscores.

We must preserve all facts, numbers, names, citations exactly. No commentary.

We need to decide which facts to bold: likely the headline may contain some but we need to limit bold to 4-5 total in the post. We'll choose key numbers: 97% editing, 33% average, 25% editing in liver, 34% PCSK9 reduction, 36% large deletions. Also maybe date: 24 August in Nature Biotechnology. Also maybe mention EvoMax cycle. But we need at most 4-5 bolded items. Let's pick: 97%, 33%, 25%, 34%, 36% (that's five). Also we could bold gene names? But that would increase count. We'll keep to those five percentages.

We need to wrap study/journal citations in single underscores: e.g., Nature Biotechnology, August 24, 2026? The original says: "24 августа в Nature Biotechnology вышла статья о EvoMax". So we need to wrap that citation: Nature Biotechnology, August 24, 2026 (or similar). Also maybe mention "В материале о Cas9d Ultra описан другой компактный редактор". That is not a citation but a reference; we could treat as a reference but not needed. We'll just underscore the Nature Biotechnology citation.

We need to ensure we don't bold whole sentences, only the numbers.

We need to keep the text natural, short paragraphs 2-3 sentences each.

Let's draft translation.

Headline: something like "EvoMax improves compact Fanzor2 DNA editor, shows high editing but toxicity in mice". Must be under 90 chars. Count: "EvoMax improves compact Fanzor2 DNA editor, shows high editing but toxicity in mice" length approx 78. Good.

Now blank line.

Paragraph 1: talk about EvoMax cycle, article date, Fanzor2 compact editor, guide RNA, AAV packaging.

We need to embed bold numbers where appropriate. In paragraph 1 maybe no numbers yet.

Paragraph 2: talk about prior low editing, need for large libraries, EvoMax used 209 measurements, three cycles testing 10-20 variants each.

Paragraph 3: mention modifications: shortened/stabilized guide RNA, fused human La protein, yielding FanzMAX v3-hLa.

Paragraph 4: editing efficiency in human cell mix: up to 97% at best site, average ~33% across 19 sites.

Paragraph 5: test in mouse liver with human PCSK9 gene; AAV 1.0 gave ~25% editing, reduced PCSK9 blood level 34% without toxicity.

Paragraph 6: two stronger configurations caused acute toxicity and death 7-14 days; AAV 3.0 led to large deletions >30 bp in 36% of edited reads.

Paragraph 7: mention Cas9d Ultra comparison, similar editing ranges but different repair mechanisms.

Paragraph 8: note that in AAV configurations varied Fanzor2 variant, La protein, guide RNA, vector elements; next version choice depends on editing fraction, post-repair outcomes, tissue response.

We need to bold numbers: 97%, 33%, 25%, 34%, 36%. Also maybe the date? But we limited to five. We'll bold those percentages.

We need to ensure each bolded number is wrapped in .

Also need to underscore the citation: Nature Biotechnology, August 24, 2026.

Let's embed.

Paragraph 1: "EvoMax improved the compact Fanzor2 DNA editor; the work was described in a Nature Biotechnology, August 24, 2026 article. Authors used Fanzor2, a small protein that, guided by RNA, cuts a chosen DNA site. Its small size lets both editor and guide RNA fit into a single AAV vector."…

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We need to produce English translation with formatting: first line headline under 90 chars, no markdown. Then blank line, then body split into short paragraphs (2-3 sentences each), separated by blank lines. Wrap few genuinely important facts — key numbers, percentages, drug/company/gene names, dates — in double asterisks. At most 4-5 per post. Wrap study/journal citations and publication references in single underscores.

We need to preserve facts, numbers, names, citations exactly. No commentary.

Let's extract key facts:

- Date: 23 August (article in journal Aging Cell)
- Researchers described experiment with 18-month-old rats.
- After suture they delivered gene CREB3L1 to cells at damage site.
- After three weeks measured tendon gliding, load-bearing, resistance to stretch.
- Tendon transmits pull from muscle to bone.
- After rupture ends are sutured, cells need to assemble new collagen fibers: then finger bends again, suture withstands load.
- Authors compared tendons of 8-week and 18-month-old rats.
- In cells that build tissue scaffold, activity of three genes decreased with age: CREB3L1, COL1A1, SPARC.
- CREB3L1 encodes protein that activates other genes.
- COL1A1 encodes one chain of collagen I, from which load-bearing fibers are assembled; SPARC helps lay these fibers in protein matrix between cells.
- Researchers checked whether CREB3L1 can activate both genes.
- Computer search found in regulatory DNA regions of COL1A1 and SPARC sites where this protein could bind.
- These regions were attached to a fluorescent tag: CREB3L1 enhanced its signal, and mutations in the sites removed effect for all four tested SPARC variants and three of four COL1A1 variants.
- In tendon cells, extra CREB3L1 increased content of both proteins.
- Then they checked chain on healing.
- Rats had tendon cut and sutured, flexing finger, and lentivirus — modified virus for delivering CREB3L1 gene — injected into suture area.
- Separate groups received only surgery or same virus without this gene: so authors separated CREB3L1 action from suture consequences and delivery itself.
- After three weeks, under load tendon pulling, finger flexion angle was greater in males and females.
- In males, strength of healed tissue was 32.6 N vs 22.5 N after surgery alone and 23.6 N after control virus.
- Its elastic modulus — measure of resistance to stretch — rose to 11.7 N/mm vs 8.1 and 8.6 N/mm.
- In females authors confirmed improvement only by finger flexion angle.
- Thus age-related decline in gene work linked to function of restored tendon: local delivery of CREB3L1 improved its gliding in both sexes, and in males also mechanical parameters.

We need to wrap key numbers, percentages, drug/company/gene names, dates in double asterisks. At most 4-5 per post. Let's select maybe: date 23 August, gene CREB3L1, gene COL1A1, gene SPARC, numbers like 32.6 N, 22.5 N, 23.6 N, 11.7 N/mm, 8.1 N/mm, 8.6 N/mm, maybe also 18-month-old, 8-week-old. But we must limit to 4-5 double asterisks total. So we need to be selective: choose only a few important facts: maybe date, gene names, and key numeric outcomes. Let's decide: double asterisks for:

- 23 August (date)
- CREB3L1 (gene)
- COL1A1 (gene)
- SPARC (gene)
- 32.6 N (male strength)
Maybe that's 5. Could also include 11.7 N/mm but that would be 6. So we need max 5. Let's pick date and three gene names and one key outcome (male strength). Or we could include two outcomes and fewer gene names. But gene names are important facts. The instruction: "Wrap the few genuinely important facts — key numbers, percentages, drug/company/gene names, dates — in double asterisks. Be selective: at most 4-5 per post, never a whole sentence." So we can wrap gene names as they are important facts. So we could do: 23 August, CREB3L1, COL1A1, SPARC, 32.6 N. That's 5.…

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We need to translate Russian news post into English, format per rules.

First line: short headline under 90 chars, no markdown, no '#'.

Then blank line, then body split into short paragraphs (2-3 sentences each), separated by blank lines.

Wrap few genuinely important facts — key numbers, percentages, drug/company/gene names, dates — in double asterisks . At most 4-5 per post, never a whole sentence.

Wrap study/journal citations and publication references in single underscores _ (e.g., Nature Aging, July 2026).

We need to preserve all facts, numbers, names, citations exactly. No commentary.

We need to identify citations: The text mentions "в научном журнале PLOS ONE вышла расчётная работа о витрификации подколенной артерии — сосуда за коленом — длиной почти 21 сантиметр." So citation: PLOS ONE. Also mention "В 2023 году витрифицированные почки крыс хранили при −150 °C, разогревали с помощью наночастиц и пересаживали ; все животные прожили полный 30-дневный период наблюдения." That is a prior study maybe but not a citation. We'll treat PLOS ONE as citation.

We need to wrap study/journal citations and publication references in single underscores. So PLOS ONE.

Now important facts: numbers: date 18 августа (August 18). length almost 21 centimeter. stress values: 1.25 MPa vs 1.5 MPa. nanowarming: temperature difference 23°C. stress increased approx 1.7 times, from 1.5 to 2.55 MPa. Transfer: peak stress rose from 0.8 to 7.6 and 8.6 MPa. Also mention -150°C storage, 30-day observation. Also mention 40 seconds and one minute.

We need to select at most 4-5 key facts to bold. Choose: date August 18, length ~21 cm, stress values (1.25 MPa, 1.5 MPa), temperature difference 23°C, stress increase to 2.55 MPa, peak stress 8.6 MPa maybe. But we need max 4-5. Let's pick: August 18, ~21 cm length, 1.25 MPa vs 1.5 MPa, 23°C temperature difference, peak stress 8.6 MPa. That's 5.

Wrap each in double asterisks.

Now ensure we don't bold whole sentences.

We need to embed bold within sentences.

Now produce headline: maybe "Modeling Reveals Mechanical Stress Risks in Vitrified Popliteal Artery During Rewarming". Count chars: let's count: "Modeling Reveals Mechanical Stress Risks in Vitrified Popliteal Artery During Rewarming". Count: M(1) o2 d3 e4 l5 i6 n7 g8 space9 R10 e11 v12 e13 a14 l15 s16 space17 M18 e19 c20 h21 a22 n23 i24 c25 a26 l27 space28 S29 t30 r31 e32 s33 s34 space35 R36 i37 s38 k39 s40 space41 i42 n43 space44 V45 i46 t47 r48 i49 f50 i51 e52 d53 space54 P55 o56 p57 l58 i59 t60 e61 a62 l63 space64 A65 r66 t67 e68 r69 y70 space71 D72 u73 r74 i75 n76 g77 space78 R79 e80 w81 a82 r83 m84 i85 n86 g87. That's 87 characters, under 90. Good.

Now blank line.

Now body paragraphs.

We need to split into short paragraphs 2-3 sentences each.

Let's craft paragraphs:

Paragraph 1: Introduce the study: On August 18, a computational study on vitrification of the popliteal artery (nearly 21 cm long) was published in PLOS ONE. Authors calculated how container shape, heating method, and transfer between setups affect mechanical stress that could cause cracking.

That's 2 sentences.

Paragraph 2: Explain vitrification and stress origin: During vitrification the cryoprotective solution solidifies without ice crystals, becoming glass‑like. On rewarming, vessel, solution, and container heat at different rates and expand unevenly, generating mechanical stress; a crack starting in the solution around the vessel can propagate through the whole system.

That's 2-3 sentences.

Paragraph 3: First set of calculations: Authors modeled the long flexible artery as a flat spiral or coils in cylindrical containers. Coiling changes the heat path to the vessel. When heat was applied through the container walls, coils in a cylinder with an internal channel gave the lowest maximum stress: 1.25 MPa versus 1.5 MPa for a simple spiral.…

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We need to translate Russian news post into natural English, format per rules.

First line: short headline under 90 chars, no markdown, no '#'.

Then blank line, then body split into short paragraphs (2-3 sentences each), separated by blank lines.

Wrap few genuinely important facts — key numbers, percentages, drug/company/gene names, dates — in double asterisks . At most 4-5 per post, never a whole sentence.

Wrap study/journal citations and publication references in single underscores (e.g. Nature Aging, July 2026).

We need to preserve all facts, numbers, names, citations exactly.

Let's identify facts:

- Review introduced "arrhythmic zone" – temperature interval where internal clocks lose autonomous rhythm, but cell/organism still viable.

- Review published August 24 in The FEBS Journal.

- Authors compiled data from bacteria to mammals, propose separating temperature at which clocks lose autonomous rhythm from lower temperature limit of viability.

- Circadian clocks – intracellular mechanisms setting ~daily rhythm.

- In some temperature range, rhythm remains close to daily, though individual biochemical reactions go faster or slower. This property is temperature compensation.

- Review asks what happens below this boundary when rhythm no longer sustains itself, but cell/organism still viable.

- "We call 'arrhythmic zone' the interval in which viability is preserved while autonomous rhythm weakens or disappears."

- This is well seen in experiment with cyanobacterial proteins.

- In 2017 experiment, three purified proteins KaiA, KaiB, KaiC mixed in test tube: mechanism that creates daily oscillations.

- Upon cooling to 19°C, rhythmic changes in KaiC became weaker and smoothly went to zero, while cycle length almost unchanged.

- This transition is called Hopf bifurcation: amplitude of autonomous oscillations decays, period almost preserved.

- Protein system still responded to environmental temperature cycles; strongest entrainment by cycle close to its own 24‑h rhythm.

- In arrhythmic zone, external repeating signal can still drive rhythm of mechanism that lost autonomous drive.

- Review also mentions more complex systems.

- In thin slices of mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) – brain area that sets rhythm for whole body – at 15°C rhythmic calcium changes and gene expression stopped; after rewarming they resumed.

- In culture of human U2OS cells, viability remained high at 25–37°C, while around 30°C the rhythm of luminescence of genetic reporter BMAL1-dLuc, which tracks clock work, disappeared.

- In six participants, hair follicle cells retained similar amplitude of clock gene activity after a day at 18 and 28°C; authors linked this to blood flow smoothing temperature of living tissue.

- In cell culture temperature is set by medium; in living tissue it is smoothed by blood flow.

- Now for each organism we can seek three different temperatures: lower viability limit, limit of autonomous rhythm, limit of rhythm still supported by external daily signal.

- Especially interesting are psychrophiles – organisms that grow best at 15°C and below.

- In polar cyanobacteria already found kaiABC genes linked to bacterial clocks.

- Authors propose to measure their autonomous rhythm at native temperature and compare three thresholds in cold‑adapted organisms.

We need to wrap key numbers, percentages, drug/company/gene names, dates in double asterisks. At most 4-5 per post.

Select maybe: August 24, The FEBS Journal, 19 °C, 15 °C, 25–37 °C, 30 °C, 18 °C, 28 °C, kaiABC. That's many; need limit to 4-5. Choose most important: date, journal, key temperatures (maybe 19°C, 15°C, 30°C), gene name kaiABC. That's 5.

We can wrap each in double asterisks.…

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We need to translate Russian news post into English, format per rules.

First line: short headline under 90 chars, no markdown, no '#'.

Then blank line, then body split into short paragraphs (2-3 sentences each), separated by blank lines.

Wrap few genuinely important facts — key numbers, percentages, drug/company/gene names, dates — in double asterisks . At most 4-5 per post, never a whole sentence.

Wrap study/journal citations and publication references in single underscores _ (e.g., Nature Aging, July 2026).

We need to preserve all facts, numbers, names, citations exactly. No commentary.

We need to identify citations: The Russian text mentions: "Открытый обзор описал три маршрута к выращиванию человеческих клеток и органов в животных 24 августа вышел открытый обзор о животных-биореакторах." So there is an open review published Aug 24 (year not given). Probably 2024? Not specified. We'll keep date as given: 24 августа (August 24). No year. We'll keep as "August 24". Might need to keep as "24 августа". We'll translate to "August 24". No year.

Then mentions: "Принцип сработал в опыте 2010 года." So year 2010.

Then: "В работе 2020 года у эмбрионов свиньи отключили ген ETV2..." So 2020.

Then: "В работе 2023 года человеческие клетки ввели в эмбрионы свиньи..." So 2023.

Thus we have dates: 2010, 2020, 2023, August 24 (maybe 2024). Also gene names: ETV2. Also maybe mention of "blastocyst complementation". Also mention of "плюрипотентные клетки" (pluripotent cells). Also mention of "мезонефроса" (mesonephros). Also mention of "органогенная ниша". Also mention of "животное-биореактор". Also mention of "клетки крови". Also mention of "печени". Also mention of "почки, сердце или печень". Also mention of "клетки печени или крови". Also mention of "донорские плюрипотентные клетки". Also mention of "крысиной поджелудочной". Also mention of "крысиной поджелудочной железы". Also mention of "крысиной поджелудочной". Also mention of "крысиной поджелудочной". Also mention of "крысиной поджелудочной". Also mention of "крысиной поджелудочной". Ok.

We need to wrap key numbers, percentages, drug/company/gene names, dates in double asterisks. At most 4-5 per post. So we need to select maybe 4-5 important facts: dates (2010, 2020, 2023, August 24) and gene name ETV2. That's 5. Could also include "мезонефроса" but that's not a number or gene. Could include "крысиной поджелудочной" but that's not a number. So we will bold: 2010, 2020, 2023, August 24, ETV2. Ensure not whole sentence.

Now citations: The text mentions "открытый обзор" but not a journal name. It mentions "работа 2020 года", "работа 2023 года". No journal names given. So we may not have any citation to wrap in underscores. However we could treat "открытый обзор" as a publication reference? Not sure. The instruction: "Wrap study/journal citations and publication references in single underscores (e.g. Nature Aging, July 2026)." Since we don't have explicit journal names, maybe we don't need any underscores. But we could treat "открытый обзор" as a publication reference? It's not a journal. Safer to leave none.

Now formatting: First line headline under 90 chars. Let's craft: "Open Review Outlines Three Strategies for Growing Human Organs in Animal Bioreactors". Count characters: Let's count: O(1) ... Let's just ensure <90. It's fine.

Then blank line.

Then body paragraphs, each 2-3 sentences.

We need to split the content logically.

Paragraph 1: Introduce the review published Aug 24, describing three routes: whole organ assembly, directing cells to specific tissue, multiplying cellular product.

Paragraph 2: Explain blastocyst complementation: host embryo gene knocked out, donor pluripotent cells fill niche, example 2010 mouse pancreas with rat cells.

Paragraph 3: Discuss vascular lineage importance, 2020 pig embryo ETV2 knockout, human iPSC endothelial cells all human by day 17-18.…

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Rachel Aviv Exposes Carlton Gajdusek’s Controversial Child Transfers

On 17 August, The New Yorker published an investigation by Rachel Aviv about D. Carlton Gajdusek and Luvi Ikabale. Aviv compared the scientist’s journals with Ikabale’s memories and those of others he raised in the United States.

Gajdusek studied kuru, a fatal brain disease among the Fore people of Papua New Guinea, which especially affected women and children. Researchers linked the disease to a funerary ritual in which relatives consumed the tissues of the dead, and inoculation of brain tissue from kuru victims into chimpanzees produced similar symptoms after a long incubation, showing an infectious agent with a prolonged period. He received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1976 for discoveries concerning new mechanisms of the origin and spread of infectious diseases.

He also acted as guardian for children from Papua New Guinea and Micronesia, bringing them to the United States. His résumé lists 36 children whom he cared for from the 1960s-1990s.

In 1981, a school principal summoned Ikabale and his desk mate; Gajdusek was waiting to take them to the USA, accompanied by two other Fore children. He wrote in his journal that he had convinced the principal to release the children because he was already their legal guardian.

Ikabale recalled having

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We need to translate Russian news post into English, format per rules.

First line: short headline under 90 chars, no markdown, no '#'.

Then blank line, then body split into short paragraphs (2-3 sentences each), separated by blank lines.

Wrap few genuinely important facts — key numbers, percentages, drug/company/gene names, dates — in double asterisks. At most 4-5 per post.

Wrap study/journal citations and publication references in single underscores (e.g. Nature Aging, July 2026).

We need to preserve all facts, numbers, names, citations exactly.

We need to identify citations: The article JAMA Oncology, published August 20. So citation: JAMA Oncology, August 20? The format: JAMA Oncology, August 20 (maybe year? The article published August 20 (year unspecified but likely 2024? Actually article published August 20, year maybe 2024? The Russian says "опубликованной 20 августа". No year given. We'll keep as JAMA Oncology, August 20.

Also mention ARPA-H trial VITAL-H. That's a trial name, not citation. Should we wrap trial name? It's a drug/company/gene name? It's a trial name, maybe not needed to wrap. Only key numbers, percentages, drug/company/gene names, dates. So we need to wrap numbers and percentages.

We need to be selective: at most 4-5 double asterisks. Let's pick important numbers:

- 11,681 oncology clinical trials
- 2008–2024
- Federal agencies led 2,112 trials
- Companies led 9,569 trials
- Single drug studied in 77.4% of industry-led trials, 48.6% of federal-led trials
- Drug+radiation in 10.5% federal therapeutic trials, 1.4% industry
- De-escalation trials: 3.1% federal, 0.4% industry
- Prevention: 4.7% federal, 1.1% industry
- Supportive care: 2.5% federal, 0.9% industry
- Absolute numbers: prevention trials 99 federal, 105 industry
- Ratio of industry to federal lead sponsors grew from 2.72 (2008–2012) to 6.44 (2019–2024)
- ARPA-H trial VITAL-H: healthy people 60–65 years, test combination of three approved drug classes and physical function measures.

We need to limit double asterisks to 4-5. So we need to choose only a few key facts. Perhaps we can highlight:

- 11,681 oncology clinical trials (2008–2024)
- Federal agencies led 2,112 trials; companies led 9,569
- Single drug studied in 77.4% of industry-led vs 48.6% of federal-led trials
- Ratio of industry to federal lead sponsors rose from 2.72 (2008–2012) to 6.44 (2019–2024)

That's 5 double asterisks. Good.

We also need to wrap study/journal citations in single underscores: JAMA Oncology, August 20.

We also might need to wrap ARPA-H? It's an agency name, maybe not needed. Could wrap VITAL-H? It's a trial name, maybe not needed. We'll keep only citation.

Now format: Headline line, blank line, then paragraphs.

We need short paragraphs 2-3 sentences each.

Let's craft:

Headline: "Federal vs Industry Sponsors Shape Different Questions in US Cancer Trials"

Check length: count characters: "Federal vs Industry Sponsors Shape Different Questions in US Cancer Trials" = let's count: Federal(7) + space=1 =>8, vs(2)=>10, space=1=>11, Industry(8)=>19, space=1=>20, Sponsors(8)=>28, space=1=>29, Shape(5)=>34, space=1=>35, Different(9)=>44, space=1=>45, Questions(8)=>53, space=1=>54, in(2)=>56, space=1=>57, US(2)=>59, space=1=>60, Cancer(6)=>66, space=1=>67, Trials(6)=>73. Under 90, good.

Now blank line.

Paragraph 1: Summarize study: In JAMA Oncology, August 20, researchers matched 11,681 US-based oncology clinical trials launched between 2008 and 2024. Federal agencies were the lead sponsor for 2,112 of these trials, while companies led 9,569. The lead sponsor defines the trial’s central question and bears responsibility for it.

That's 3 sentences.…

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Bonsai builds probabilistic tree of cell states from single‑cell gene activity data

On August 21, Nature Biotechnology published a paper on Bonsai, a method that constructs the most probable tree of relationships between cellular states while accounting for measurement errors. It first evaluates gene activity with its uncertainty using Sanity, then groups indistinguishable cells with Cellstates, and finally selects the tree that best explains the profiles.

Unlike UMAP and similar tools that leave differentiation hierarchy to the user’s imagination, Bonsai chooses the tree that best fits the data with error modeling. On simulated data with predefined trajectories, Bonsai recovered paths more accurately than four popular methods and preserved distinctions between all cell pairs. This shows its ability to reveal true developmental relationships.

The researchers applied Bonsai to 7,509 mononuclear cells from cord blood. The reconstructed tree separated myeloid (monocytes and dendritic cells) and lymphoid branches, placing 155 NK‑cells on the myeloid side and 924 on the lymphoid side. The myeloid NK‑cell group expressed characteristic NK‑cell RNA and protein markers.

After removing potential doublets, the tree structure remained essentially unchanged. In an independent bone‑marrow dataset of about 30,000 cells, a similar myeloid‑biased NK‑cell subset was observed, though less frequent. Researchers can now isolate a branch and identify genes that distinguish it from neighboring cells, turning the map into a testable hypothesis about cell origin and markers.

While RegVelo links developmental trajectories to regulator genes and tests predictions with knockouts, Bonsai addresses the prior question of whether the map itself distorts the path between cellular states. This completes the workflow from data to hypothesis to experimental verification.

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