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Addressing People

When you meet someone new, under social or business circumstances, it's important to know how to address the individual standing in front of you. Properly addressing people in different situations shows you're respectful of their position and mindful of not offending them in any way. Refined social etiquette as it relates to addressing others promotes smooth and friendly conversation.

In business situations, use formal titles unless the people you meet tell you otherwise. You may ask a question of another business professional and address them by Mr., Mrs., Miss, or Ms. In fact, Ms. is used quite often in business. Ms. is applicable to a married or unmarried woman. Use Mr., Mrs., Miss, Ms. When You know Their Last Name: Before asking to address someone, you need get someone's attention, you can say

Excuse me, Sir

Pardon me, Madam/ Ma'am.

Hello Sir

Good morning, Madam/ Ma'am

Nice to meet you, Sir!

Note that:

for Mr we say "Mister"

for Mrs we say "Misses"

for Miss we say "Miss"

for Ms we say "Mizz"

Very polite terms of address

Sir (adult male of any age)

Ma'am (adult female - North American)

Madam (adult female)

Mr + last name (any man)

Mrs + last name (married woman who uses her husband's last name)

Ms + last name (married or unmarried woman; common in business)

Miss + last name (unmarried woman)

Examples:

I’m sorry madam, but we just sold the last blue scarf.

Miss, your coffee is ready.

Ms. Kim starts tomorrow as our new manager.

Hello Mrs. Martinez, it’s nice to meet you.

Job titles

We use a wide range of titles for jobs:

Dr + last name (some doctors go by Dr + first name)

Professor + last name (in a university setting)

Chief Executive Officer CEO

Managing Director MD

Financial Director FD

Chief Technical Officer CTO 

Vice-President VP 

Chair/Chairperson/Chairman

We don’t normally call people by the name of their job or profession. Some jobs or professions which we can use as terms of address are: doctor (medical), driver, nurse, minister, officer, waiter: We use Dr  for medical doctors and people with a doctorate qualification (PhD).

Titles of Affection

When addressing a child, a romantic partner, or a close friend or family member (usually younger) people often use these terms of endearment, also known as "pet names":

Honey (child, romantic partner, or younger person)

Dear

Sweetie

Love

Darling

Babe or Baby (romantic partner)

Pal (father or grandfather calls male child)

Buddy or Bud (very informal between friends or adult-to-child; can be seen as negative)

Groups of people

We use:

Folks

Guys

Everyone/everybody

Children

Boys

Lads

Girls

Ladies

Gentlemento

Some of these are more formal. For example, ladies and gentlemenis more formal than folks or guys. Guys is used more and more for groups of both sexes, not just males. 

Example:

OK, boys, could you all wait in the main hall, please.

Everybody, could you all hand in your evaluations as you leave, please.

Come, on guys, come and help!

Addressing strangers

If you are unsure of what to call someone, it's best to use a formal address or simply ask one of these questions:

What should I call you?

What should I call your mum / the teacher / the manager?

Can I call you [first name] ?
What's your name? (use in a casual situation like a party or classroom where first names are used)Why is "What should I call you?" such a difficult question to ask? Perhaps it's because you are asking the other person to provide their status or position in the world in relation to yours. This position may involve age, job, education, religion and even marital status.
Is it okay if I call you [the nickname you've heard others use] ?
Sometimes it doesn't hurt to ask someone how he or she wishes to be addressed. Use formal address first, and then ask them if they prefer something else. You can simply ask, "Is it okay if I call you ....?" When you know this is their name you can ask this - they will either say yes, or tell you what they prefer.
If you meet someone in a situation and you're unsure of how to address

him or her, err on the side of caution by using formal address. If the person on the receiving end feels this is too 'stuffy' of an address, they will let you know.

For example, you may say, "Nice to meet you, Sir!" Whereupon the person may say, "Please, call me [Name]"  So, until directed otherwise, use formal address to start your conversation.

Answering the question

You might not be the only person wondering about titles. Students, colleagues or acquaintances may not know what to call you. If they seem unsure about how to pronounce your name, or you want them to call you something more casual, help them out:

Please, call me [first name]

You can call me [nickname or short form]
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Greetings and Expressions

General greetings

Formal

These greetings can be used in any formal situation, such as a business meeting or meeting someone’s parents, and they can also be used in informal situations as well.

Hello

How are you? or How’re you?

How are you doing? or How ya doin’?

How is everything?

How’s everything going?

This is different than “What are you doing.” “How are you doing?” means “How are you?” whereas “What are you doing?” is asking what action you are currently doing.

Informal

These greetings can be used in any informal situation. To show extra enthusiasm you can add “Hey” to the beginning of these greetings.

(Hey) What’s up (man/dude/bro/their name)?

(Hey) Good to see you.

(Hey) How are things (with you)?

(Hey) How’s it going?

The pronunciation can be shortened to “goin’.” A typical response to this question is “It’s going good.”

How’s life been treating you?

What’s cracking?

What’s up?

The pronunciation is often shortened to “crackin’.” This is highly informal and should only be used with people around your age.

What’s good?

What’s happening?

The pronunciation is often shortened to “happenin’.”

First meetings

Introducing yourself

How do you do? My name is Anna. [formal]

Hello, Lynne Hand.

Tom  [informal]

Introducing others

Mrs Hand, may I introduce my boss, Mr Smith. [formal]

Lynne, I'd like you to meet John Smith, our salesman. John, this is Lynne Hand.

Lynne, meet John, my husband. John, this is my teacher Lynne. [informal]

Responding to an introduction

Pleased to meet you Mrs Hand. [formal]

Pleased to meet you Lynne.

Hi, Lynne. How are you? [informal]

On Leaving

Goodbye. It's a pleasure to have met you.[formal]

Goodbye. Nice to have met you.

Bye. It was nice to meet you.[informal]

Subsequent meetings

Possible Greetings

Hello, Mrs Hand. It's nice to see you again. [formal]

Good afternoon, Mrs Hand. It's good to see you.

Hello Lynne. How are you doing?

Hi, Lynne! How's it going?

Hi, Lynne. How are things? [informal]

Possible responses

What a pleasant surprise! How are you? It's been a while. [formal]

I'm very well thank you. And you?

Thank you. It's nice to see you too. How are you?

Fine thanks. What's new with you?

Not too bad, busy as ever.

Oh fine. You know how it is. [informal]

Greeting a person you haven’t seen for a long time

Formal

It has been a long time.

It’s been too long.

What have you been up to all these years?

It’s always a pleasure to see you.

How long has it been?

What’s new?

Informal

Long time no see. (This is the most common.)

Where have you been hiding? (This is a playful way of greeting someone.)

It’s been ages (since I’ve seen you).

How’ve you been?

Introductions/ Ice breakers

When introducing yourself in another language people are always going to want to know the same information

What’s your name? (you’re probably going to have to repeat it a couple of times or make it sound more English)

Where are you from? (be prepared to describe you city geographically)

What are you doing here? (People are always curious)

Another good way to make a good first impression is to get that person talking about themselves or their city. This can be done during the introduction phase as a way of breaking the ice.

So, where are you from?

Is your family from here/there?

What did you think of the soccer last night?

What do you think of this place/the beer/the music here?

Don’t you just hate waiting in line/this music/the noise?

Ways to say "Hello" in English

Hey/ Hey man/ Hi

You can use “hey” and “hi” to greet someone instead of “hello”. Both are particularly popular among younger people. “Hi” is appropriate to use in any casual situation, “Hey” is for people who have already met. If you say “hey” to a stranger, it might be confusing for that person because he or she will try to remember when you met before! You can also add “man” to the end of “hey” when greeting males. Remember that “hey” doesn’t always mean “hello”. “Hey” can also be used to call for someone’s attention.

How’s it going?/ How are you doing?

Thes

e are casual ways of asking “how are you?” If you’re trying to be particularly polite, stick with “how are you?” but otherwise, you can use these expressions to greet almost anyone. The word “going” is usually shortened, so it sounds more like “go-in”. Most people just answer “good”. Like when responding to “how are you?” you can also follow your answer by asking “and you?”.

What’s up?/ What’s new?/ What’s going on? (informal)

Used to casually greet someone you have met before. Answer with “nothing” or “not much”. Or, if it feels right to make small talk, you could also briefly describe anything new or interesting that’s going on in your life, before asking “what about you?” to continue the conversation.

How’s everything ?/ How are things?/ How’s life?

Used to casually greet anyone but most often they’re used to greet someone you already know. Answer “good” or “not bad”. Again, if small talk feels appropriate, you could also briefly share any interesting news about your life, and then ask the person “what about you?” or another greeting question.

How’s your day?/ How’s your day going?

These questions mean “how are you?” not just right now, but how you’ve been all day. You would use these greetings later in the day and with someone you see regularly. For example, you might ask a co-worker one of these questions in the afternoon, or a cashier that you see at the grocery store every evening. “It’s going well” is the grammatically correct response, but many people simply answer with “fine”, “good” or “alright”. By the way, notice that “good”, “fine” or “not bad” are perfect answers to almost any greeting question.

Good to see you/ Nice to see you

Used with friends, co-workers or family members that you haven’t seen in a while. It’s common for close friends to hug when they greet each other, particularly if they haven’t seen each other in some time; so you might use this greeting along with a hug or handshake depending on your relationship with the person.

Long time no see/ It’s been a while

These casual greetings are used when you haven’t seen someone in a long time, particularly if you meet that person unexpectedly. For example, you could use one of these greetings if you normally see the person every week, but then don’t see them for a few months or more. Usually, these phrases are followed with a question like “how are you”, “how have you been?” or “what’s new?”

Good morning, Good afternoon, or Good evening

These are formal ways of saying “hello”, which change depending on the time of day. Note: “good night” is only used to say “good bye”. Good morning can be made more casual by simply saying “morning”. You can also use “afternoon” or “evening” as informal greetings, but these are less commonly used.

It’s nice to meet you or Pleased to meet you  (formal and polite)

If you say this to someone when you meet him or her for the first time, it will make you seem courteous. Remember to only use these greetings the first time you meet someone. Next time you see the person you can show that you remember him or her by saying “it’s nice to see you again”.

How have you been?

Only asked by people who have already met. If someone asks you “how have you been?” they want to know if you have been well since the last time the two of you met.

How do you do? (very formal, and quite uncommon)

Be used by some older people. The proper response is “I’m doing well” or, as strange as it seems, some people even ask “how do you do?” right back as an answer.

Yo! (common in America)

This greeting should only be used with very close friends, and never in a business setting.

Are you OK?/ You alright?/ Alright mate? (common in Britain)

This casual way of asking both “hello” and “how are you” You can respond “yeah, fine”, or simply “alright”.

Sup? or What's up?

These greetings are abbreviations of “what’s up?” which are common among teenagers. Like with “what’s up?” you can answer “nothing” or “not much”.

Well hello!

Say "Hi" this way when you're surprised to see someone, or if you haven't seen them in a long time. It makes you