Bahor — bayramlar bilan boshlanadi. Ko'klamning ikkinchi haftasida — 8 martni nishonlaymiz. Xo'sh, munis onalarimiz, xotin-qizlar bayramini nishonlashimizning sababi nimada? Nega ayollar bunchalik ulug'lanadi? Xuddi shu kuni butun dunyo ayollari bayram qiladilarmi yoki… Bu savollarga javob topish uchun tarixga nazar tashlaymiz. Ma'lumotlarga ko'ra, «ayol» arabcha so'z bo'lib, «oila» kalimasi bilan o'zakdoshdir. Biroq 8 martga nisbatan «ayol» so'zi emas, balki xotin-qizlar degan so'z keng qo'llaniladi.

Bu kun o'tmishiga nazar tashlaydigan bo'lsak, xotin-qizlar bayrami ularning o'z huquqlari uchun kurashish kunidan kelib chiqqaniga guvoh bo'lishimiz mumkin. Ya'ni, 1857 yil 8 mart kunida Nyu-Yorkning poyafzal hamda tikuv fabrikasi ishchi xotin-qizlari manifestga yig'iladilar. Ular 10 soatlik ish kuni, yorug' va quruq ish xonalari hamda erkaklar bilan bir xil maosh olishlarini talab qilib chiqadilar. Xuddi shu kunda Nyu-Yorkdagi yuzlab ayollar namoyishlarga chiqib, saylash huquqini ham talab qiladilar. Chunki o'sha paytlarda juda kam maosh oluvchi ayollar kuniga 16 soat ishlaganlar. 

Erkaklar esa turli chiqishlari orqali 10 soatlik ish kunini qo'lga kiritganlar. 8 martdagi xuddi shu voqeadan so'ng ayollar tashkiloti tuziladi va birinchi marta xotin-qizlar unga a'zo bo'ladilar. Biroq bu kun birinchi marta 1891 yil 19 martda Avstriya, Daniya, Germaniya va Shveytsariyada xotin-qizlar bayrami sifatida nishonlandi. O'shanda milliondan ortiq erkak va ayollar manifestlarda ishtirok etadilar. Saylash va joylarni boshqarish huquqidan tashqari, ayollar erkaklar bilan bir qatorda teng huquqli bo'lishga harakat qiladilar.

1910 yil Kopengagenda o'tgan xalqaro konferentsiyada 8 mart sanasini xalqaro xotin-qizlar kuni sifatida nishonlash taklifi ko'tarildi. Shundan so'ng ko'pgina mamlakat ayollarining jamiyatda faollashuvi boshlanadi. Ular kambag'allikka qarshi, mehnat huquqiga, hurmatiga ega bo'lish, tinchlik uchun kurash olib boradilar.

Rossiyada esa xalqaro xotin-qizlar kuni birinchi marta 1913 yil Peterburgda bayram qilindi. Rossiya Dumasiga ayollar muammosi bo'yicha ariza berildi va hukumat a'zolari 1913 yil 2 martda bir yarim ming aholini yig'ib, bu masalani hal etishga ruxsat berdi. Unda ayollarning saylash huquqi, onalikni davlat tomonidan ta'minlash va muhofaza qilish masalalari ko'rib chiqildi. Keyingi yilda esa Yevropaning ko'pgina mamlakatlarida ayollar urushga qarshi namoyishlar uyushtiradilar.

1917 yil fevral oyining oxirgi yakshanbasida Rossiya ayollari «Non va tinchlik» shiori ostida ko'chaga chiqdilar. To'rt kundan keyin esa Nikolay II ayollarga saylash huquqini berishni va'da qildi. Bu kun Yulian yilnomasida 23 fevral hamda Grigorian yilnomasi bo'yicha 8 martda nishonlana boshlandi.

8 mart xalqaro xotin-qizlar kuni 1965 yildan boshlab dam olish kuni deb belgilandi. Shu kunda hukumat tantanali tadbirlarda ayollarga nisbatan davlat siyosatining amalga oshirayotgan ishlari to'g'risida hisobot berardi. Asta-sekin xalqaro xotin-qizlar kuni ayollarning o'z huquqlarini talab qilganliklari uchun emas, balki ularni qadrlash, hurmat qilish va e'zozlash kuni sifatida nishonlana boshlandi.

Sobiq sho'ro ittifoqi barham topgandan so'ng 8 mart — xalqaro xotin-qizlar bayrami MDH davlatlari: Ozarboyjon, Gruziya, Qozog'iston, Qirg'iziston, Moldaviya, Tojikiston, Turkmaniston, Ukraina, Belorussiya, O'zbekistonda bayram qilinadi.

Agar e'tibor bergan bo'lsangiz, MDHdan tash-qari ushbu bayram asosan G'arb davlatlarida nishonlanadi. Xo'sh, Sharqda-chi?

Sharqda ham bu bayram o'zgacha tarzda nishonlanadi. Masalan, Yaponiyada xuddi shunga o'xshash bayram mavjud. Lekin u xotin-qizlar emas, balki faqatgina qizlar (Xina Matsuri) bayramidir. Bu ayyomni qo'g'irchoqlar bayrami deb ham atashadi. Bayram 3 martda o'tkazilib, barcha yapon qizlariga baxt va sog'lik tilaydi. Yaponlar qizi bor uy ostonasidagi qizil javonga chiroyli kiyintirib qo'yilgan qo'g'irchoqni qo'yishadi. Mamlakatning ba'zi joylarida esa qog'ozdan yasalgan qo'g'irchoqlarni suvga tashlaydilar. Suvga tashlangan qog'oz-qo'g'irchoq o'zi bilan baxtsizlik
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olib ketsin, deyiladi.

Qizlarga atalgan qo'g'irchoqlar odatda vasiyat qilib qoldirilgan bo'ladi. Chunki bu qo'g'irchoqlar juda qimmat bo'lib, narxlari 1000 AQSh dollaridan kam bo'lmaydi. Ular bir oy davomida ostonada turib, keyingi yil uchun yana yig'ishtirib qo'yiladi.
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Describe someone who has had an important influence in your life.

You should say:

Who the person is

How long you have known him /her

What qualities this person has

And explain why this person has had such an influence on you.

Model Answer: 
In my life, there are several persons in my family members who made unmatched contributions to help me go ahead and among them my father’s contribution is unforgettable. He is the person whom I love most in this world and I consider him to be a perfect human being with his uncompromised honesty, bravery and responsibility. 

I know my father from the very beginning of my life as he is the person who brought me in this world. From my childhood, he has raised me with his love, affection and mentorship. He taught me about the world, people and values. He helped me on my education and has devoted his life to properly raise me. 

 

My father is an exemplary person who has led an honest life. As a high ranking government officer, he had many chances to pile up the riches but he had always known what the right things to do. The basic of humanity and the importance of education were something he delivered to me. He is now a retired person and leads his serene and peaceful like with contentment and happiness. He was a brave person who never feared the rough power of the society. 
 

As a father, I would say he has done everything humanly possible to raise me and my 3 other siblings. He spent his entire earning for our happiness and necessity while he went through hardship. I learned the true meaning of life and started achieving some of the qualities he has. The person who I am now is mostly because of my father's devotion and dedication. To me, he is an ideal person whom I often mimic and consider as my idle in my life.

 

Part 3 – Two-way discussion:

Q. What type of people influence the young in your country?

Q. Why it is important to have role models in our life?

Q. Do you think the education system in your country influences young people’s behaviour?

Q. What types of person (parents, teachers, friends etc.) are best to influence young people’s behaviour?

Q. What do you think young people will be most influenced by it the future?

Q. What influences social media like facebook has on young generation in your country?

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​​ Don't use "very"

"Very" so'zini kamroq ishlatishni o'rganing!

Ko'pchilik o'quvchi-talabalar "very"-juda so'zini haddan ziyod ishlatishga odatlanib qolgan. Bugun sizlar bilan bu so'zni ishlatmasdan gaplar tuzishni o'rganamiz. 

Quyida ro'yhatdagi so'zlarni eslab qoling va gap tuzishda qo'llang.

1. Very capable – accomplished
2. Very clean – spotless
3. Very clever – brilliant
4. Very cold – freezing
5. Very dirty – squalid
6. Very dry – parched
7. Very fast – swift
8. Very good – superb
9. Very happy – jubilant
10. Very hot – scalding
11. Very hungry – ravenous
12. Very large – colossal
13. Very light – imponderable
14. Very high – sky-high
15. Very neat – immaculate
16. Very old – ancient
17. Very poor – destitute
18. Very quiet – silent
19. Very rude – vulgar
20. Very serious – solemn
21. Very small – tiny
22. Very strong – unyielding
23. Very tasty – delicious
24. Very tired – exhausted
25. Very valuable – precious
26. Very weak – feeble
27. Very wet – soaked
28. ️Very wicked – villainous
29. Very wise – sagacious
30. Very worried – anxious
31. Very dangerous – malignant
32. Very complex – overspecified
33. Very frequent – continual
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