#GROSS

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Intracranial hemorrhage

#The_white_arrow
Hemorrhage
In the basal ganglia
non-traumatic and caused by hypertension

#GROSS

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Intracranial hemorrhage


#The_white_arrow
Hemorrhage
In the basal ganglia
non-traumatic and caused by hypertension

#GROSS

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 acute bacterial meningitis

#The_black_arrows
Pus

#The_white_arrow
Congestive and dilated blood vessels

#acute meningitis

Green arrows --> neutrophil infiltration

Black arrow--> proteinacous fluid

Red arrow--> hemorrhage

#GROSS

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Viral Encephalitis
(Herbes Encephalitis)


#The_black_arrow
Hemorrhage

#MICROSCOPIC

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Herbes encephalitis


#The_blue_arrows
Lymphocyte

#The_white_arrows
Microglia

#the_red_area
Microglia nodule

#MICROSCOPIC

#Diagnosis 👉🏻  Herpes encephalitis


#The_white_arrow
Perivascular cuffs of lymphocyte

#MICROSCOPIC

#Diagnosis 👉🏻  Herpes encephalitis


#The_bule_arrows
Perivascular cuffs of lymphocyte

#GROSS

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 congenital cytomegalovirus


#The_black_arrow
Periventricular calcification (chalky white)

MENINGIOMA

✫Gross description
- Rounded , circumscribed
- Multiples, grayish white
- whorly cut surface


✫The grades
༄ Grade 1( benign )
Syncytial
- meningothelial cells forming whorls (horning) without visible cell membranes
- eosinophilic cytoplasm

Psammomatous
- Psammoma bodies ( pink calcification )
- meningothelial cells

Fibrous
- cell neoplasm spindle in shape , optical clear and chromatin deposit in the membrane
- clusters of erythrocytes

transitional (mixed)
- has features of syncytial, psammomatous, and fibrous meningiomas

microcystic
- Nucleus plemorphism
- Blood vessels hyalinosis
- Vacuolated cytoplasm

༄ Grade 2 ( local carcinoma )
Chordoid
- myxoid background
- cells arranged in chordss
- Nucleus plemorphism , large mitosis active

Clear cell
- uniforms round nucleus
- blocky collagen (thick and short)
- chicken wire blood vessels

༄ Grade 3 ( Invasive )
Brain papillary
- Nucleus plemorphism, optical clear
- hyperchrmatic, atypia
- Blood vessels
- fingers like projection

Anaplastic
- Nucleus optically clear
- hypercellularity
- Nest
- Necrosis
- Mitosis

#GROSS

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 meningioma


#The_black_arrows
meningioma

#MICROSCOPIC

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 syncytial meningioma


#The_black_arrows
Whorls of cells

#MICROSCOPIC

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Psammomatous meningioma


#The_black_arrow
Meningothelial cells

#The_red_arrows
Psammoma bodies

#Fibrous meningioma

🌀Spindle cell neoplasm

🌀Scant or no cellular whorls

🌀Meningothelial nest

#MICROSCOPIC

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 transitional meningioma

#The_black_arrow
Psammoma body

#The_blue_arrows
Fibrous

#The_red_arrow
Syncytial

#MICROSCOPIC

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 microcystic meningioma

#The_blue_arrow
Blood vessels hyalinosis

#MICROSCOPIC

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 chordoid meningioma


#The_black_arrow
Myxoid background

#The_blue_arrows
Cell arranged in chords

#The_white_areas
Mitosis

#MICROSCOPIC

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 clear cell meningioma


#The_black_arrows
Blood vessels (chicken wire)

#The_blue_arrows
Blocky collagen

#anaplastic meningioma
Garde lll

#MICROSCOPIC

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 pilocytic astrocytoma
grade 1

#The_features
- bipolar cells (have processes extending form both ends
- mild hypercellularity
- hairy-like

#MICROSCOPIC

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 diffuse astrocytoma
grade 2


#The_red_arrow
mitosis

#The_features
- moderate hypercellularity
- mitosis
- little plemorphism
- fibillary (the hair-like processes are grouped to form the fibillary appearance)