▪️ بعض صفات الأمراض سواء gross او microscopic من شرح الدكتور والملزمة وبطريقة سهلة للحفظ والتذكر :

⭕️Renal Diseases :
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✂️ Acute pyelonephritis :
📍Gross :

1_ swllen , redness kidney
2_ strik of abscess surrounded by congested B.V lead to hyperemia
3_ small yellowish microabscesses { multiple microabscesses } --> scattered abscess

📍microscopic :

1_ tubulointerstitial nephritis --> liquefactive necrosis --> neutrophils filling renal tubule and extending into interstitium --> present in urine within cast
2_ normal glomerulus wwithout neutrophil
3_ degeneration of tubules
4_ congested B.V
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✂️ Papillary necrosis { once of complication of acute pyelonephritis }

📍 Gross :
1_ coagulative necrosis on apical 2/3 of pyramide ---> yellow white color ---> then lead to fibrosis at chronic state
------------------------------------------|🕊
✂️ Chronic pyelonephritis :

📍Gross :
1_ irregular , thickning , adhesion membrane

📍microscopic :
1_ non obstruction { non granulomatous } chronic  pyelonephritis
2_ total glomerular sclerosis ---> thickning
3_ periglomerular fibrosis
3_ interstitial fibrosis ( atrophy ) with chronic inflammation in interstitium ---> lymphocyte , macrophage  ( if active infection ..neutophil is appear )
4_ atrophy of some tubule --> called { thyroidisation : flattening of the tubular lining epithelium and luminal eosinophilic hyaline material ---> may form cyst } --> lead to compensatory dilation of adjacent tubules
5_ B.V show arteriolosclerosis --->hyalinization then lead to sclerosis
------------------------------------|🕊
✂️  Acute Cystitis :
📍Gross :
1_ extensive mucosal hyperemia --> swelling , redness

📍microscopic :
1_ inflammatory cell --> only neutrophil
---------------------------------|🕊

✂️ Cystitis due to schistosoma hematobium :

📍microscopic :
1_ reddish lesions
2_ eosinophilic cystitis ( eosinophilic cell )
3_ several encrusted eggs of schistosoma hematobium
4_ due to adaptation and hyperplasia some of transitinal epithelial cell go into submucosal or lamina propria lead to precancer { Brunn's nest }
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✂️ Cystitis cystica :

📍 microscopic :
1_ Brunn's nest : cystic space filled with clear fluid Lind by flattened uroepithelial
2_ infiltrational of neutrophil cell
3_ granularis or cyst like necrosis
4_ congested B.V
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✂️Cystitis glandularis :
📍microscopic :
1_Brunn's nest : cell of nests become cuboidal or columnar --> gland like lumens with columnar or cuboidal cells
2_ inflammatory cell infiltration
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✂️Acute tubular injury and necrosis :

📍microscopic :
1_ Cytoplasm mor eosinophilic with rupture of nucleus
2_ necrosis , apoptosis , deprise of necrosis into lumen
3_ in lesser degrees of ATI : loss of brush border and cell swelling
----------------------------------------------------|🕊

روح🕊

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⭕️⭕️⭕️تعديل

هانا هي hypoventilation
مش hyper