باختصار، يكلك من يجيك مريض عنده VF قبلما يدخل للطوارئ، أول شي تسويله هو CPR بعدين defibrillation. لأن الـ CPR رح يخلّص الخلايا من الـ toxic metabolites وبالنتيجة يزيد فرص الـ defibrillation بالنجاح

A new TB guideline just dropped

This is milf MLF (Medial Longitudinal fasciculus).

It makes horizontal gaze (moving your eyes sideways) possible, since it connects the nuclei for cranial nerves III & VI so they can work in unison.

When MLF doesn't work properly, cranial nerve VI abducts the eye, as it normally would, but it won't be able to send the signal to the contralateral cranial nerve III to make it adduct the contralateral eye (so both eyes look in the same direction). This condition then is called internuclear ophthalmoplegia. Why inernuclear? Because the connection between (inter-) nuclei of cranial nerves III & VI becomes disrupted.

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (picture A)

There's a weird variant to internuclear ophthalmoplegia called one and a half syndrome. It can be seen with foville syndrome which is damage in the postero-medial pons.

It is often useful when obtaining a patient's medical history to ask something in line with "Is there anything else that's bothering you?". This type of questions makes the patient remember and mention other symptoms which might've been forgotten or assumed to be 'minor' issues that are falsly assumed to be irrelevant and not worthy of mentioning.

هواي مرات المرضى ينسون أو يتجاهلون أعراض مهمة طبيًا وتساعد بالوصول للتشخيص، لكنهم يعتقدونها غير مهمة خاصةً إذا ما جانت تزعجهم بشكل جبير.

من الشائع جدًا أنْ يشتكي المريض من ألم قوي، لكنه يتجاهل أو ينسى تغيّر لون الإدرار أو الطفح الجلدي.

Patients usually only report the symptoms that capture their attention or disrupt their life. They don't report the most important nor the most medically relevant ones. Patients typically report pain, nausea, itching, vertigo, fatigue more than heartburn, a simple rash or discoloration, forgetfulness, "some stiffness" in the morning, or sleep disturbances.

Lipoproteins & Fat transport in the body

Most adenocarcinomas are resistant to radiotherapy alone

والعُهدة على القائل

Anterior wall: Primarily formed by the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle; laterally reinforced by the internal oblique muscle.
Posterior wall: Composed of the transversalis fascia and medially reinforced by the conjoint tendon (a fusion of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis aponeuroses).
Roof (superior wall): Formed by the arching fibers of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles.
Floor (inferior wall): Constituted by the inguinal ligament, with medial reinforcement from the lacunar ligament.

Seizures occur more often in the neonatal period than at any other time of life; during this period, they most often occur within the first week of life. Reported incidence ranges from 1.5 to 5.5 per 1000 in newborns and may be even higher in premature infants. Most neonatal seizures (approximately 85%) are acute provoked seizures (previously called acute symptomatic seizures), occurring as a consequence of a specific identifiable etiology.

Importantly, neonatal seizures are not generalized but focal (either unifocal or multifocal).