T3 & T4 hormones lead to increased cardiac output (CO) and a decrease in systemic vascular resistance (SVR). They also exert a positive inotropic effect on the myocardium.

That's why hyperthyroidism causes wide pulse pressure and systolic hypertension (because of the increase in CO with the simultaneous decrease in SVR).

Hypothyroidism, on the other hand, causes diastolic hypertension by decreasing CO while increasing SVR.

Diagnostic approach to hypertension

Diagnostic approach to tachyarrhythmia

ACLS (Advanced Cardiac Life Support)

Atrial fibrillation

Unfortunately, many of the antiarrhythmic agents are known to have dangerous proarrhythmic actions—that is, to cause arrhythmias.

When the underlying cause of the lactic acidosis can be remedied, blood lactate will be converted to HCO3− and may result in an overshoot alkalosis if excess NaHCO3 has been administered excessively.

In general, NaHCO3 is not indicated in metabolic acidosis except when the pH < 7.1. Even then, it shouldn't be used to normalize the pH, but merely to reduce severity (raising pH to ~7.2)

Consider AKI in anyone with acute illness aged >65y, a history of kidney disease, those on nephrotoxic drugs, and patients who are systemically unwell (e.g. with sepsis).

Mixing sodium bicarb (NaHCO3) with calcium chloride (CaCl2) would give us CaCO3, that's chalk... Your patient will have chalk sludging in his vessels.

Same applies for calcium gluconate

You also shouldn't give
Ceftriaxone & calcium products simultaneously or in the same IV line (especially for pediatric patients, even more especially for neonates). The calcium will crystalize and accumulate particularly in the lungs and kidneys. Guidelines differ, but it's safest to wait for about 48 hours before giving the other substance.

Untreated septic arthritis, which lead to destruction of the joint and bones

Ironically, the patient has a club foot deformity in the other foot, so he practically lost his ability to walk by now.

This one was taken two months ago