There are several differences between panic and anticipatory anxiety. Panic attacks are seldom accompanied by stimulation of the HPA axis. Cortisol elevation has been commonly reported in fear and phobic anxiety. Panic attacks are characterized by the prominence of respiratory and cardiac symptoms, in particular, breathlessness. This is not the case for fear or phobic or generalized anxiety.

الفرضية تكول أنّ الـ panic disorder يكون عند الافراد اللي يكون عدهم exaggerated respnose to suffocation.
يعني يحسون بالاختناق بسهولة أكبر من باقي الناس وبالنتيجة فالـ panic attack هي ردة فعل حتى الجسم يقلل من الشعور بالإختناق
Which is why both breathlessness and hyperventilation are characteristic of this disorder

This also reminds me of James-Lange theory & Somatic-marker hypothesis

بمناسبة العيد والكليجة🥳
Old age female, known case of HTN and IHD presented with 1 hour hx of chest pain, burning in nature, no radiation, associated with nausea without vomiting
This is inferior stemi with slow AF
والحجية مقتنعة الالم بسبب كليجة التمر ورفضت الprimary pci …

Females usually present with "atypical" symptoms of myocardial infarction, that's why you should always consider it when a female patient present like this.

Heard a patient once describing her MI as panic-attack like symptoms, and "عبالك مي حار ونزل على گلبي"

Also, had a patient with lumbar disc herniation describing his foot weakness as "رجلي ما تلزم الكاع"

This is the sort of things that cannot be learned except by experience and interacting with patients...
This experience is very essential so that you can translate the patient's description into the scientific, English nomenclature that we, as med students, are used to.

It's a rare condition, considered a paraneoplastic syndrome. About 80% of patients have an underlying malignancy (most commonly lung cancer). It can appear with other non-malignant conditions such as TB, pregnancy, and CREST syndrome.

Hyperintense thalami and basal ganglia. These findings are not very specific for WE, but they were found in this same patient.

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هاي جانت مريضة حامل بالثلث الثاني وعدها hyperemesis gravidarum. البرزنتيشن مالتها جان focal seizures وتصير وراها generalized. هالشي كلش uncommon بالنسبة للـ WE

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT)

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It's the most common inherited neurological disorder. It's can be caused by many different genetic mutations and affects peripheral nerves either by disrupting axons or the myelin sheath