Cerebral palsy (CP)

It's an umbrella term for the neurodevelopmental disorders that cause motor problems. Most of the cases have their etiology prenatally (rarely postnatally), and are caused by things like infections, hypoxia, and head trauma. They are only rarely due to genetic mutations.

It is classified according to its effect on the motor system:
• Spastic (pyramidal), due to lesions in the upper motor neurons of the pyramidal system. It has many subtypes, like spastic hemiplegic, and diplegic CP.
• Dyskinetic (extrapyramidal), due to lesions in the basal ganglia leading to symptoms such as chorea and dyskinesia.
• Ataxic, due to cerebellar problems.

You should be able to differentiate between ecchymosis, purpura, and hematoma.

Stroke management

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Circumventricular organs (CVOs)

Chemotherapy activates the area postrema which causes nausea and vomiting (among other mechanisms).

Many anti-emetics like Ondasteron (Zofran) work by inhibiting serotonin/dopamine receptors in the area postrema.

ECG

• Reduced energy availability
• Menstrual dysfunction (amenorrhea)
• Impaired bone health (osteoporosis)

Caloric imbalance leads to dysregulation of sex hormones (like GnRH). This, in turn, leads to a decreased level of estrogen which is essential for bone health.

Sports that have an aesthetic component (eg, ballet, figure skating, or gymnastics) or are tied to a weight class (eg, tae kwon do, judo, or wrestling) have a higher prevalence of affected female athletes.

“Unfortunately, though, many scientists are really bad at choosing good names and coming up with accessible language for the things they discover. The science of immunology is one of the worst culprits of any scientific discipline in this regard. An already breathtakingly complex field is spiked with words like Major Histocompatibility Complex class I and II, gamma delta T Cells, interferon alpha, beta, gamma, and kappa, and the complement system, with actors named C4b2a3b complex. None of this makes it a pleasure to pick up a textbook and learn about the immune system on your own. But even without this barrier, the complex relationships of the many different actors of the immune system, with countless exceptions and unintuitive rules, are a challenge all by themselves. Immunology is hard even for the people working in public health, even for the people studying immunology, even for the foremost experts in the field.”

غير الطب متروس misnomers
يكلك Dermatitis herpetiformis وهو ماله علاقة بالهربس

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Suspicious moles (may be melanomas)