It's a complex deformity that involves the MTP joint, the sesamoid complex, and the muscles surrounding the joint.

It's etiology is not well understood but is thought to have a genetic predisposition worsened by tight footwear, high heels, and rheumatoid arthritis. Females are affected more than males.

CECS is typically observed in long-distance runners, basketball players, skiers, and soccer players. It is characterized by exercise-induced pain that is relieved by rest. In some cases, weakness and paresthesia may accompany the pain. Onset of symptoms typically occurs at a specific exercise distance or time interval or intensity level (eg, within 15 min of initiating a run).

Symptoms tend to subside with rest and are minimal during normal daily activities but return when activity is resumed.

The pathophysiology of CECS is not well understood and was initially thought to be a form of shin splints. The main feature is increased intra-compartmental pressure during exertion.

الحالة هاي ما عليها هواي أبحاث ومعلومات بكد الـ acute compartment syndrome. أول وصف إلها جان بسنة 1956.

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Our neurology professor in medical school used to diagnose Parkinson’s by just listening to the patient’s footsteps next door; if we couldn’t do the same, he would fail us. Those were the days before high-tech medicine and MRI.

— The Tell-Tale Brain

As I often tell my students, medicine gives you a certain breadth of vision while at the same time imparting an intensely pragmatic attitude. If your theory is right, your patient gets better. If your theory is wrong—no matter how elegant or convincing it may be—she gets worse or dies. There is no better test of whether you are on the right track or not. And this no-nonsense attitude then spills over into your research as well.

— The Tell-Tale Brain

Carpal tunnel syndrome

How lesions along the visual pathway affect the visual field

Fever, jaundice, and right-upper quadrant abdominal pain (sometimes epigastric)

This triad of signs & symptoms suggests cholengitis (inflammation of the common bile duct) and is present in about two thirds of patients

هذا يسموه Charcot's cholangitis triad
لأن أكو triad ثاني هم اكتشفه Charcot بس ذاك خاص بمرض التصلب المتعدد، يسموه:

Nystagmus, intention tremor, and staccato speech (scanning speech).
This triad is associated with multiple sclerosis.